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Explore air quality monitors, masks, and air purifiers.","handle","@airvisual","http://www.iqair.cn/cn-en/newsroom?cursor=eyJsYXN0X2lkIjo1NjQ4NTYxMjc1NjYsImxhc3RfdmFsdWUiOjE2MTM1OTkzMjIwMDAsIm9mZnNldCI6NjB9&direction=previous&tag=Community","jsonLd",{"_1013":1014,"_1015":1016,"_12":1017,"_405":1018,"_1019":1020,"_1029":1030,"_205":1010,"_1041":1042},"@context","https://schema.org","@type","Organization","IQAir","https://www.iqair.com/dl/web/logos/ic-logo-iq-air-blue.svg","sameAs",[1021,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028],"https://www.facebook.com/iqair","https://twitter.com/IQAir","https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-iqair-group","https://www.instagram.com/iqair/","https://www.youtube.com/IQAir","https://www.pinterest.com/IQAir/","https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.airvisual&hl=en_US&gl=US","https://apps.apple.com/us/app/iqair-airvisual-air-quality/id1048912974","contactPoint",[1031,1039],{"_1015":1032,"_1033":1034,"_1035":1036,"_1037":1038},"ContactPoint","telephone","+1-866-488-1918","contactType","customer service","areaServed","US",{"_1015":1032,"_1033":1040,"_1035":1036,"_1037":19},"+86-400-108-5117","potentialAction",{"_1015":1043,"_1044":1045,"_1046":1047},"SearchAction","target","http://www.iqair.cn/cn-en/search-results?q={search_term}","query","required name='search_term'","robots","requestInfo",{"_1051":1052,"_1066":1067},"userPreferences",{"_1053":1054,"_1063":1038,"_1064":1065},"units",{"_1055":1056,"_1057":1058,"_1059":1060,"_1061":1062},"distance","kilometer","temperature","celsius","pressure","millibar","system","metric","AQI","timezone","America/Los_Angeles","userLocation",{"_18":1038,"_1068":1069,"_1070":1071,"_1072":1073,"_1064":1065,"_1074":118,"_1075":118},"countryName","United States","countryRegion","CA","city","Los Angeles","lat","lng",["P",1076],"ENV",{"_1079":1080,"_1081":1082,"_1083":1084,"_1085":1086,"_1087":1088,"_1089":1090,"_1091":1092,"_1093":1094,"_1095":-7,"_1096":1097,"_1098":1099,"_1100":1101,"_1102":1103,"_1104":1105,"_1106":-7},"MODE","production","GOOGLE_TAG_MANAGER_ID","GTM-PPQMD6","FACEBOOK_LOGIN_APP_ID","398656046993675","GOOGLE_LOGIN_CLIENT_ID","351521898-5bj7u78k0elfc3pod2gkejvfnju8hncf.apps.googleusercontent.com","APPLE_LOGIN_CLIENT_ID","4235W294QP.com.airvisual.airvisual","PUBLIC_STORE_DOMAIN","cms-cn.iqairint.com","PUBLIC_SHOP_ID","1844117571","IQAIR_DASHBOARD_DOMAIN","dashboard.iqair.cn","WAF_SDK","CUSTOM_EMBEDDABLE_MAP_CONSTANTS_HOST","https://www.airvisual.com","AIRVISUAL_CDN_DOMAIN","https://cdn.airvisual.net","AIRVISUAL_OSM_DOMAIN","https://osm.airvisual.net","AIRVISUAL_WIND_URL","https://website-api.airvisual.com/prod/current-wind-surface-level-gfs-1.0.json","AIRVISUAL_EARTH_URL","https://earth.airvisual.io","VERCEL",["P",1107],"consent",{"_1110":1111,"_1112":1113},"checkoutDomain","shop.iqair.cn","storefrontAccessToken","dccfc25fe657ff3be10ed75de20a9463","selectedLocale",{"_1116":1117,"_1118":1119,"_1120":19,"_1121":1122,"_1123":17,"_1124":1125,"_1126":1127,"_1128":1129},"label","China","language","EN","country","pathPrefix","cn-en","currency","flag","/flags/china.jpg","continent","Asia Pacific","websiteApiLang","en-CN","userAgent","Amazon CloudFront","dismissedCountryBanner","requestOrigin","http://www.iqair.cn","routes/$(locale)",{},"routes/$(locale).newsroom._index",{"_1139":1140,"_1363":705,"_1003":1364,"_1368":1369},"blog",{"_599":695,"_1003":1141,"_1142":1143},{"_599":-5,"_1006":-5},"articles",{"_1144":1145,"_1355":1356},"nodes",[1146,1178,1194,1211,1227,1243,1259,1275,1291,1306,1322,1338],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1150,"_1139":1152,"_1154":1155,"_1156":1155,"_1157":1158,"_1159":1160,"_1008":1161,"_10":1162,"_1163":1164,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1167,"_635":1168,"_599":1170,"_1171":1172},"__typename","Article","author",{"_12":1151},"IQAir Staff Writers",{"_1008":1153},"news","excerpt","Chilean community activists are forging a network of air quality data contributors. Learn more.","excerptHtml","content","For some air quality activists in Latin America, reducing childhood air pollution exposure recently became their number one priority.Their key to reducing exposure: sharing air quality data and increasing air quality awareness.“We've installed around 80 air qualitysensors in 28 cities so far,” explained Marcela Otto, a commercial engineer for the Citizen's Air Quality Network for Early Childhood: New Airs for Early Childhood (Red Ciudadana de Calidad de Aire para la Primera Infancia, or Aires Nuevos).(1)(2).The network was founded in 2020 by two Chilean activist groups, Horizonte Ciudadano and Centro de Acción Climática PUCV, who combined resources to create the transnational, Latin America-focused citizen air quality monitoring network using AirVisual Series sensors.Though they’ve made strides in establishing a far-flung air quality detection network, there’s still more work to be done.According to Marcella, air pollution awareness isn’t common in Latin America. Without air quality awareness, it’s difficult for people affected by air pollution to take effective action and reduce their exposure and risk. Download the 2022 World Air Quality Report Learn about the state of air quality around the world. SCARICA ORA ×Close Download the 2022 World Air Quality Report First Name Last Name Email Company Close Without air quality awareness, it’s difficult for people affected by air pollution to take effective action and reduce their exposure and risk. Wanting to bring awareness of air quality to vulnerable children and schools, Aires Nuevo partnered with local governments, universities, and communities across Latin America. Together, they’ve installed AirVisual Series air quality monitors at school sites and public places, empowering administrators to take immediate action to improve their air quality.Sounding alarms on Chile air qualityThe Chilean-based groups supporting Aires Nuevos are well-versed in air quality health problems, sources, and mitigation approaches due to the country’s long history of air quality legislation.Chile’s Ministry of Health first issued guidance to reduce air pollution emissions in 1961. In 1978, the first air quality surveillance network was installed at the Chagres foundry in the Valparaíso region. Major air quality legislation and policy has been enacted in following years until as recently as 2014, when the government enacted air pollutant reduction plans for the country’s major cities. Numerous air quality sensors measure concentrations of poor air quality in Santiago and Valparaiso, Chile on February 3, 2023. Source: AirVisual. Despite these efforts, Chile struggles with air quality issues stemming from transportation combustion, mining activities, and residential heating and cooking pollutants from wood-burning, in particular during the winter (3)(4).Winter fuel burning can be a major source of pollutants in many parts of the world.Chilean children’s health can be particularly impacted by air pollutants created by nearby mining. According to a 2016 study published in Environmental Health, air pollution near mining communities in Chile has been associated with increased cases of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis (5).Chilean children’s health can be particularly impacted by air pollutants created by nearby mining.Among 288 rural children living within close proximity to the mines, 24 percent had asthma and 34 percent experienced rhinoconjunctivitis. The study noted that childhood asthma rates in Latin America are typically around 13 percent, far lower than the number of children living near the Chilean mines.Air quality sensor network growsThe Aires Neuvos network of air quality sensors is extensive, with the majority of sensors placed in the southern cone nations of South America – especially in Chile and Argentina.These air quality monitoring stations have over 8,400 followers combined.Air quality sensors have been placed by the network in major cities and small towns across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Uruguay.Some of those air quality monitors have helped identify some of the worst air quality in the world. In 2021, Peru had the 26th worst air quality in the world, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 29.6 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3) measured for that year.PM2.5 is particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter. Raising air quality awareness in MexicoAires Nuevos also works with communities outside of Chile, such as Monterrey, Mexico, to raise air quality awareness. The activist group maintains five AirVisual Series air quality monitors in the city.Poor air quality in Monterrey, Mexico on February 3, 2023. Source: AirVisual.To help train and prepare network participants, Professor Hortencia Ruiz of the University of Monterrey and Bernardo Aguilar from Convergence Leaders for Action taught a free, seven-week online credentialing program. The program, provided by the Universidad de Monterrey, was available to all members of the network, including teachers, principals, and employees in early childhood centers.As in other network areas, it’s hoped that awareness will help improve air quality in Monterrey by helping schools plan for poor air quality and to encourage new policies and regulations to enforce better air quality standards.It’s hoped that awareness will help improve air quality in Monterrey by helping schools plan for poor air quality and to encourage new policies and regulations to enforce better air quality standards.Possible immediate actions could include closing doors and windows or avoiding going outside on days with high airborne concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter, or ultrafine particles, particulate matter smaller than 0.1 micron in diameter.Why is air quality important in Chile?The 2021 World Air Quality report ranks three Chilean cities as the most polluted in South America – Angol, Coyhaique, and Padre las Casas. Out of 108 South American cities monitored, 17 of the 20 most polluted cities monitored were Chilean.In 2021, IQAir air quality data found that Chile's PM2.5 pollution ranked the country 40th worst in the world and the second worst among countries in the Americas.In 2021, IQAir air quality data found that Chile's annual PM2.5 concentrations averaged 21.17 μg/m3, the 40th worst in the world and the second worst among countries in the Americas. While this figure represents a year-over-year improvement from 2019 (22.6 µg/m3) and 2018 (24.9 µg/m3) annual average concentrations, all three average PM2.5 concentrations are in the “moderate” range within WHO (World Health Organization) air quality guidelines. It was also a worse annual average PM2.5 concentration than 2020, which was 19.3 µg/m3.Research has shown that sustained exposure to moderate air quality can pose serious health risks for some people. According to a 2013 study published in Epidemiology, both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 leads to an increase in death associated with PM (6). Join thousands of global air quality advocates Use AirVisual to gather and share air quality data and increase awareness. LEARN MORE The takeawayCommunities with publicly shared, real-time air quality monitors are finding the initiative immediately useful.According to Marcela, “all of the stakeholders who were willingly invited to the initiative have given it a positive response.\"Schools have been appreciative of the air quality monitoring resources, she says. \"It has been very beneficial for the kindergarten educational community where these monitors are installed… helpful as teaching tools, for planning activities abroad, and for passing this knowledge to the rest of the public through a ‘commitment to replicate.’”","contentHtml","

For some air quality activists in Latin America, reducing childhood air pollution exposure recently became their number one priority.

Their key to reducing exposure: sharing air quality data and increasing air quality awareness.

“We've installed around 80 air qualitysensors in 28 cities so far,” explained Marcela Otto, a commercial engineer for the Citizen's Air Quality Network for Early Childhood: New Airs for Early Childhood (Red Ciudadana de Calidad de Aire para la Primera Infancia, or Aires Nuevos).(1)(2).

The network was founded in 2020 by two Chilean activist groups, Horizonte Ciudadano and Centro de Acción Climática PUCV, who combined resources to create the transnational, Latin America-focused citizen air quality monitoring network using AirVisual Series sensors.

Though they’ve made strides in establishing a far-flung air quality detection network, there’s still more work to be done.

According to Marcella, air pollution awareness isn’t common in Latin America. Without air quality awareness, it’s difficult for people affected by air pollution to take effective action and reduce their exposure and risk.

Download the 2022 World Air Quality Report
\n\nLearn about the state of air quality around the world.

\n\n\n

\n SCARICA ORA\n

\n \n

\nWithout air quality awareness, it’s difficult for people affected by air pollution to take effective action and reduce their exposure and risk.
\n\n

Wanting to bring awareness of air quality to vulnerable children and schools, Aires Nuevo partnered with local governments, universities, and communities across Latin America. Together, they’ve installed AirVisual Series air quality monitors at school sites and public places, empowering administrators to take immediate action to improve their air quality.

Sounding alarms on Chile air quality

The Chilean-based groups supporting Aires Nuevos are well-versed in air quality health problems, sources, and mitigation approaches due to the country’s long history of air quality legislation.

Chile’s Ministry of Health first issued guidance to reduce air pollution emissions in 1961. In 1978, the first air quality surveillance network was installed at the Chagres foundry in the Valparaíso region. Major air quality legislation and policy has been enacted in following years until as recently as 2014, when the government enacted air pollutant reduction plans for the country’s major cities.
\n\n
\n\n $\"Air$
\n\nNumerous air quality sensors measure concentrations of poor air quality in Santiago and Valparaiso, Chile on February 3, 2023. Source: AirVisual.

\n\nDespite these efforts, Chile struggles with air quality issues stemming from transportation combustion, mining activities, and residential heating and cooking pollutants from wood-burning, in particular during the winter (3)(4).Winter fuel burning can be a major source of pollutants in many parts of the world.

Chilean children’s health can be particularly impacted by air pollutants created by nearby mining. According to a 2016 study published in Environmental Health, air pollution near mining communities in Chile has been associated with increased cases of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis (5).

Chilean children’s health can be particularly impacted by air pollutants created by nearby mining.

Among 288 rural children living within close proximity to the mines, 24 percent had asthma and 34 percent experienced rhinoconjunctivitis. The study noted that childhood asthma rates in Latin America are typically around 13 percent, far lower than the number of children living near the Chilean mines.

Air quality sensor network grows

The Aires Neuvos network of air quality sensors is extensive, with the majority of sensors placed in the southern cone nations of South America – especially in Chile and Argentina.These air quality monitoring stations have over 8,400 followers combined.

Air quality sensors have been placed by the network in major cities and small towns across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Uruguay.

Some of those air quality monitors have helped identify some of the worst air quality in the world. In 2021, Peru had the 26th worst air quality in the world, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 29.6 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3) measured for that year.

PM2.5 is particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter.
\n\n

Raising air quality awareness in Mexico

Aires Nuevos also works with communities outside of Chile, such as Monterrey, Mexico, to raise air quality awareness. The activist group maintains five AirVisual Series air quality monitors in the city.

$\"Air$

Poor air quality in Monterrey, Mexico on February 3, 2023. Source: AirVisual.

To help train and prepare network participants, Professor Hortencia Ruiz of the University of Monterrey and Bernardo Aguilar from Convergence Leaders for Action taught a free, seven-week online credentialing program. The program, provided by the Universidad de Monterrey, was available to all members of the network, including teachers, principals, and employees in early childhood centers.

As in other network areas, it’s hoped that awareness will help improve air quality in Monterrey by helping schools plan for poor air quality and to encourage new policies and regulations to enforce better air quality standards.

It’s hoped that awareness will help improve air quality in Monterrey by helping schools plan for poor air quality and to encourage new policies and regulations to enforce better air quality standards.

Possible immediate actions could include closing doors and windows or avoiding going outside on days with high airborne concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter, or ultrafine particles, particulate matter smaller than 0.1 micron in diameter.

Why is air quality important in Chile?

The 2021 World Air Quality report ranks three Chilean cities as the most polluted in South America – Angol, Coyhaique, and Padre las Casas. Out of 108 South American cities monitored, 17 of the 20 most polluted cities monitored were Chilean.

In 2021, IQAir air quality data found that Chile's PM2.5 pollution ranked the country 40th worst in the world and the second worst among countries in the Americas.

In 2021, IQAir air quality data found that Chile's annual PM2.5 concentrations averaged 21.17 μg/m3, the 40th worst in the world and the second worst among countries in the Americas.
\n\n

While this figure represents a year-over-year improvement from 2019 (22.6 µg/m3) and 2018 (24.9 µg/m3) annual average concentrations, all three average PM2.5 concentrations are in the “moderate” range within WHO (World Health Organization) air quality guidelines.
\n\n
\n\nIt was also a worse annual average PM2.5 concentration than 2020, which was 19.3 µg/m3.

Research has shown that sustained exposure to moderate air quality can pose serious health risks for some people. According to a 2013 study published in Epidemiology, both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 leads to an increase in death associated with PM (6).
\n\n

Join thousands of global air quality advocates
\n\nUse AirVisual to gather and share air quality
\n\ndata and increase awareness.

\n\n\n

\n LEARN MORE\n

The takeaway

Communities with publicly shared, real-time air quality monitors are finding the initiative immediately useful.

According to Marcela, “all of the stakeholders who were willingly invited to the initiative have given it a positive response.\"

Schools have been appreciative of the air quality monitoring resources, she says. \"It has been very beneficial for the kindergarten educational community where these monitors are installed… helpful as teaching tools, for planning activities abroad, and for passing this knowledge to the rest of the public through a ‘commitment to replicate.’”

","revealing-the-invisible-chile","gid://shopify/Article/564855636046","onlineStoreUrl","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/revealing-the-invisible-chile","trackingParameters","publishedAt","2023-01-01T15:00:00Z",[1169,705,710],"Air Quality","Revealing the Invisible: Activists protect kids, share data in Latin America with AirVisual","image",{"_10":1173,"_202":1174,"_205":1175,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269490683982","Latin America poor air quality","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Chilean_Desk_b_5637cc8e-ef04-4b52-9507-97acc5e4fdc5.jpg?v=1751628260",2880,1500,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1179,"_1139":1180,"_1154":1181,"_1156":1181,"_1157":1182,"_1159":1183,"_1008":1184,"_10":1185,"_1163":1186,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1187,"_635":1188,"_599":1189,"_1171":1190},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Officials are tackling Delhi’s notoriously polluted air on multiple fronts. Learn more.","Smog and murky skies in northern India from smoke and air pollution have been a constant source of poor health for many years. During the crop burning season, smoke from neighboring Pakistan and rural northwestern Indian states creates hazardous air pollution, limiting visibility and exposing residents to a range of smoke-related symptoms and illnesses, including acute respiratory infection, asthma, and pulmonary disease. Air quality in India is a major health concern, especially pervasive in the nation’s largest metropolis, Delhi, where multiple urban sources of air pollution mingle with crop fire smoke. The combination is deadly and can cause some of the worst air quality on Earth. In 2021, four of the five most polluted cities in the world were in India. PM2.5, or particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less, is the most common and dangerous airborne pollutant. Exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many diseases, including heart and lung illness. In 2021, four of the five most polluted cities in the world were located in India. These cities on the list included Jaunpur, Delhi, Ghaziabad, and the most polluted of them all Bhiwadi with an average annual PM2.5 concentration of 106 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3). The poor air quality in the city of 20 million remains a growing issue today. Delhi’s average annual PM2.5 concentration was 96 μg/m3. India was the fifth most polluted country in the world, with an average annual PM2.5 concentration of 58 μg/m3. Delhi’s average annual air pollution is 19 times greater than the WHO guideline. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised its annual average PM2.5 concentration exposure guideline to less than 5 μg/m3 or less. The revision was made in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that even a small amount of exposure to PM2.5 within a short time can harm human health. Delhi’s average annual air pollution is 19 times greater than the WHO guideline. Unhealthy air quality measured by air quality monitors in Delhi on September 9, 2022. Air quality frequently ranges from unhealthy to hazardous in the National Capital Region. Source: IQAir. \"Delhi has been the most polluted capital of the world for the last many years. The pollution levels in Delhi are consistently above the national ambient air quality standards throughout the year,” states Greenpeace India. “The air pollution crisis became a key concern for the people in the city. They are witnessing its impact in their everyday lives. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt a holistic and long-term solution to improve the air quality in the city.” Indian officials are aware of the problem and have enacted short-term emergency measures during extremely poor air quality periods. But emergency policies reduced smog and or helped improve health (1)(2). Administrators are adopting more robust, longer-term policies to improve air quality. By tackling sources on a broader front, there is hope for a cleaner future. Delhi tackles vehicle emissions As in many cities, vehicle emissions are a key source of air pollution in Delhi. In recent years, Delhi’s government has expanded rules to significantly reduce vehicle emissions by limiting road access to dirtier diesel fuel vehicles and incentivizing electric vehicle purchases. According to Greenpeace India, “vehicular emission is one of the major contributors to Delhi’s air pollution crisis and there is an urgent need to go beyond the outdated fossil fuel-based transportation system.” To tackle such efforts, Greenpeace India advises the city to, “adapt these three key strategies; Avoid, Shift and Improve.” “This means avoiding and reducing the need for number and length of travel, promoting the shift from private vehicles to more environmentally friendly modes, i.e., public transport and non-motorized transport to reduce energy demand and air pollution, and improving the energy efficiency of transport modes. The government should catalyze sustainable transport by setting a comprehensive mobility plan (CMP) and creating a separate urban transport fund to ensure an efficient transportation system that prioritizes people, not private vehicles.” In June 2022, the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas (CAQM) announced a policy to restrict road access and phase out BS3 and BS4 diesel vehicles (3)(4)(5). The policy will be phased throughout the National Capital Region and Delhi. Delhi has also aggressively bolstered its electric vehicle policy, with positive results. The Delhi Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy, begun in August 2020, provided purchase incentives for electric vehicle buyers. In January 2022, electric vehicle sales rose 136 percent yearly in Delhi (6). In April 2022, Delhi's government expanded the policy to include e-cycles with a speed of fewer than 15 miles per hour (7). “Let’s not make clean air a luxury. It’s a basic human right,” stated Greenpeace India. Coal ban in Delhi begins India’s government encouraged states to increase coal imports to build up reserves for the next three years due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8). India is already the second-largest coal importer in the world. Coal combustion results in emissions of pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate pollution, carbon dioxide, mercury, and other heavy metals (9). On June 3, 2022, the CAQM required Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) to stop burning coal by 2023 (10). The National Capital Region uses about 1.7 million tons of coal per year. The rule went into effect on October 1, 2022, in places with piped natural gas (PNG) infrastructure. For those without, the ban on coal burning starts January 1, 2023. The NCR uses about 1.7 million tons of coal per year (11). Poor air quality in the city prompted the CAQM to shutter any business not using PNG temporarily. Heavy operating restrictions like closure and restricted operations have prompted industrial operations in NCR to shift to PNG for energy use. India’s long-standing energy policy is to reduce coal imports. However, coal-fired plants aren’t likely to be phased out soon because of coal’s relatively low cost. Even in the Delhi-NCR region, low-sulfur coal burning won’t be banned (12). Landfills in Delhi: overfull and burning While transportation and industrial sources of pollution are two of the most pressing sources, there are other sources and policies to address. Delhi’s landfills pollute the air through both the odor and smoke from landfills fires. There are three landfills ringing Delhi – Bhalswa, Ghazipur, and Okhla. A study submitted to the National Green Tribunal found that the three landfills had cost the city nearly $57 million in environmental damage. (13) The landfills pollute the air through both the odor and smoke from landfill fires. The National Green Tribunal mandated biomining in the landfills in 2019, an effort to segregate the trash, reclaim usable resources, and help reduce the burden of a full landfill. Okhla is scheduled to complete reclamation by March 2023, and Ghazipur and Bhalswa will follow in December 2024 – and those plans are unlikely to be met. Even though the landfills exceed their capacity, they still receive daily waste drop-offs. The competing cycle of biomining and daily trash deliveries is pushing those remediation dates decades out from their intended completion dates (14)(15). The takeaway Improving Delhi's air quality is an uphill struggle. It's a big undertaking. The rapidly growing city is trying to mitigate multiple sources of severe air pollution from inside and outside the city. The most apparent pathway to reducing extremely poor air quality is to set long-term policies that significantly address the sources of air pollution. While Delhi has a lot of work ahead to improve its air quality, lives can be saved by making steady air quality improvements through smart policymaking and dedicated clean air standard enforcement.","

Smog and murky skies in northern India from smoke and air pollution have been a constant source of poor health for many years. During the crop burning season, smoke from neighboring Pakistan and rural northwestern Indian states creates hazardous air pollution, limiting visibility and exposing residents to a range of smoke-related symptoms and illnesses, including acute respiratory infection, asthma, and pulmonary disease.

Air quality in India is a major health concern, especially pervasive in the nation’s largest metropolis, Delhi, where multiple urban sources of air pollution mingle with crop fire smoke. The combination is deadly and can cause some of the worst air quality on Earth.

In 2021, four of the five most polluted cities in the world were in India.

PM2.5, or particulate matter measuring 2.5 microns or less, is the most common and dangerous airborne pollutant. Exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many diseases, including heart and lung illness.

In 2021, four of the five most polluted cities in the world were located in India. These cities on the list included Jaunpur, Delhi, Ghaziabad, and the most polluted of them all Bhiwadi with an average annual PM2.5 concentration of 106 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3).

The poor air quality in the city of 20 million remains a growing issue today. Delhi’s average annual PM2.5 concentration was 96 μg/m3. India was the fifth most polluted country in the world, with an average annual PM2.5 concentration of 58 μg/m3.

Delhi’s average annual air pollution is 19 times greater than the WHO guideline.

In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised its annual average PM2.5 concentration exposure guideline to less than 5 μg/m3 or less. The revision was made in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that even a small amount of exposure to PM2.5 within a short time can harm human health. Delhi’s average annual air pollution is 19 times greater than the WHO guideline.

$\"Unhealthy$

Unhealthy air quality measured by air quality monitors in Delhi on September 9, 2022. Air quality frequently ranges from unhealthy to hazardous in the National Capital Region. Source: IQAir.

\"Delhi has been the most polluted capital of the world for the last many years. The pollution levels in Delhi are consistently above the national ambient air quality standards throughout the year,” states Greenpeace India. “The air pollution crisis became a key concern for the people in the city. They are witnessing its impact in their everyday lives. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt a holistic and long-term solution to improve the air quality in the city.”

Indian officials are aware of the problem and have enacted short-term emergency measures during extremely poor air quality periods. But emergency policies reduced smog and or helped improve health (1)(2).

Administrators are adopting more robust, longer-term policies to improve air quality. By tackling sources on a broader front, there is hope for a cleaner future.

Delhi tackles vehicle emissions

As in many cities, vehicle emissions are a key source of air pollution in Delhi. In recent years, Delhi’s government has expanded rules to significantly reduce vehicle emissions by limiting road access to dirtier diesel fuel vehicles and incentivizing electric vehicle purchases.

According to Greenpeace India, “vehicular emission is one of the major contributors to Delhi’s air pollution crisis and there is an urgent need to go beyond the outdated fossil fuel-based transportation system.”

To tackle such efforts, Greenpeace India advises the city to, “adapt these three key strategies; Avoid, Shift and Improve.”

“This means avoiding and reducing the need for number and length of travel, promoting the shift from private vehicles to more environmentally friendly modes, i.e., public transport and non-motorized transport to reduce energy demand and air pollution, and improving the energy efficiency of transport modes. The government should catalyze sustainable transport by setting a comprehensive mobility plan (CMP) and creating a separate urban transport fund to ensure an efficient transportation system that prioritizes people, not private vehicles.”

In June 2022, the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas (CAQM) announced a policy to restrict road access and phase out BS3 and BS4 diesel vehicles (3)(4)(5). The policy will be phased throughout the National Capital Region and Delhi.

Delhi has also aggressively bolstered its electric vehicle policy, with positive results. The Delhi Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy, begun in August 2020, provided purchase incentives for electric vehicle buyers. In January 2022, electric vehicle sales rose 136 percent yearly in Delhi (6).

In April 2022, Delhi's government expanded the policy to include e-cycles with a speed of fewer than 15 miles per hour (7).

“Let’s not make clean air a luxury. It’s a basic human right,” stated Greenpeace India.

Coal ban in Delhi begins

India’s government encouraged states to increase coal imports to build up reserves for the next three years due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8). India is already the second-largest coal importer in the world.

Coal combustion results in emissions of pollutants, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate pollution, carbon dioxide, mercury, and other heavy metals (9).

On June 3, 2022, the CAQM required Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) to stop burning coal by 2023 (10).

The National Capital Region uses about 1.7 million tons of coal per year.

The rule went into effect on October 1, 2022, in places with piped natural gas (PNG) infrastructure. For those without, the ban on coal burning starts January 1, 2023. The NCR uses about 1.7 million tons of coal per year (11).

Poor air quality in the city prompted the CAQM to shutter any business not using PNG temporarily. Heavy operating restrictions like closure and restricted operations have prompted industrial operations in NCR to shift to PNG for energy use.

India’s long-standing energy policy is to reduce coal imports. However, coal-fired plants aren’t likely to be phased out soon because of coal’s relatively low cost. Even in the Delhi-NCR region, low-sulfur coal burning won’t be banned (12).

Landfills in Delhi: overfull and burning

While transportation and industrial sources of pollution are two of the most pressing sources, there are other sources and policies to address.

Delhi’s landfills pollute the air through both the odor and smoke from landfills fires.

There are three landfills ringing Delhi – Bhalswa, Ghazipur, and Okhla. A study submitted to the National Green Tribunal found that the three landfills had cost the city nearly $57 million in environmental damage. (13) The landfills pollute the air through both the odor and smoke from landfill fires.

The National Green Tribunal mandated biomining in the landfills in 2019, an effort to segregate the trash, reclaim usable resources, and help reduce the burden of a full landfill.

Okhla is scheduled to complete reclamation by March 2023, and Ghazipur and Bhalswa will follow in December 2024 – and those plans are unlikely to be met. Even though the landfills exceed their capacity, they still receive daily waste drop-offs. The competing cycle of biomining and daily trash deliveries is pushing those remediation dates decades out from their intended completion dates (14)(15).

The takeaway

Improving Delhi's air quality is an uphill struggle. It's a big undertaking. The rapidly growing city is trying to mitigate multiple sources of severe air pollution from inside and outside the city.

The most apparent pathway to reducing extremely poor air quality is to set long-term policies that significantly address the sources of air pollution. While Delhi has a lot of work ahead to improve its air quality, lives can be saved by making steady air quality improvements through smart policymaking and dedicated clean air standard enforcement.

","cleaning-the-worst-air-quality-in-the-world","gid://shopify/Article/564873756750","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/cleaning-the-worst-air-quality-in-the-world","2022-12-06T19:00:00Z",[1169,705],"Why New Delhi remains the world's most polluted capital",{"_10":1191,"_202":1192,"_205":1193,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269581779022","India smog and child walking down road","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/2507_India_Desktop_793b47f1-715a-46c5-a9d2-1062fe616ec0.jpg?v=1752490266",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1195,"_1139":1196,"_1154":1197,"_1156":1197,"_1157":1198,"_1159":1199,"_1008":1200,"_10":1201,"_1163":1202,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1203,"_635":1204,"_599":1205,"_1171":1206},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Rain and snow came help cities breathe better in ways that may surprise you.","A cleansing rain sweeps up debris on city streets, washes away dirt and grime from homes and cars, and leaves a refreshing scent and feeling in the air. That last phenomenon is for a good reason- rain, snow, and wind can significantly help reduce air pollution. On Monday morning, December 12, 2022, several U.S. cities were among the least polluted major cities in the world. Five U.S. cities breathed “Good” air quality, according to the U.S air quality index. List of least polluted major cities and their air quality. Five U.S. cities were on the list. Source: IQAir. Rain, snow, and wind can significantly help reduce air pollution. Rain and snow helped lower measurements of PM2.5 in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California; Portland, Oregon; Denver, Colorado; and Salt Lake City, Utah. PM2.5 is a common and dangerous air pollutant measuring 2.5 microns in diameter or less. Closely linked to lung and heart disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the recommended annual PM2.5 to no more than 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3) in 2021. Weather affects air quality Heatwaves, rain, fog, or snow – all weather plays a critical role in determining a region’s air quality. When high concentrations of pollutants linger in the air, air quality is poor and endangers health. This problem can be worsened by excessive heat, fog, and stagnant air. Geography, including basins and mountains, can prove an additional challenge to dispersing pollutants. Temperature inversions, layers of warm air that can develop atop a layer of cooler air, further complicate issues impacting concentrations of air pollution. Cities and mountain valleys may trap pollutants when warm air hovers over cooler ground-level air. Temperature inversions in summer and winter are common in many western U.S. cities like Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. Cities and mountain valleys may trap pollutants when warm air hovers over cooler ground-level air. The same weather conditions introducing fresh breezes to a region helps reduce air pollution concentrations. Wind disperses pollutants by pushing particles out of a region and reducing dangerous concentrations of PM2.5. Rain will dilute particle matter. It’s particularly effective in reducing heavier, larger PM10. These coarse particles are less likely to linger in the air and travel greater distances than PM2.5. Rain helps cause PM10 pollutants like pollen, dust, and dirt to quickly settle to the ground. Small droplets of rain can coagulate after drawing in aerosolized particle pollutants (1). Improved air quality in California Heavy rain and snow doused California during the preceding weekend. California has struggled in recent years with a historic drought, so the precipitation offers a welcome respite for the state and may help improve low groundwater levels. The precipitation also reduced measurements of PM2.5 by air quality monitors from San Francisco to San Diego, as the AirVisual platform indicates. Heavy rains and snow significantly improved the air quality in California on Monday morning. Source: IQAir. Los Angeles enjoyed a rare day of good air quality on Monday, where air quality monitoring stations measured an average PM2.5of just 6 μg/m3 at 2 PM. Los Angeles air quality can be much worse in winter due to temperature inversion and excessive vehicle and industrial pollutants. Los Angeles air quality was mostly “Good” on December 12. Source: IQAir. San Francisco air quality was excellent on Monday, December 12. Source: IQAir. San Francisco’s air quality was similarly impacted. At 2 PM, the city’s average PM2.5 concentration was just 1 μg/m3. Wildfire smoke reduced in Pacific Northwest Wildfires have plagued air quality in the Pacific Northwest for several months (2). Widespread wildfires scattered across Washington State, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and British Columbia have led to increased concentrations of PM2.5 across the region. Coastal rains have helped to bring a breath of fresh air to the Pacific Northwest. Coastal rains have helped to bring a breath of fresh air to region – quite literally, as air pollutant concentrations are reduced, fires are dampened, and smoke is dissipated by the weather. Good air quality measured by the majority of air quality monitoring stations in the Pacific Northwest. Source: IQAir. Portland air quality was mostly “Good” on Monday morning, December 12. Source: IQAir. By 8 AM, Portland’s average measured concentration of PM2.5 was only 5 μg/m3, or “Good” according to the U.S. AQI. Portland’s daily average measured concentrations of PM2.5 have been elevated since November 11, falling within the ranges of “Moderate” to “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” Other cities in the region also experienced good air quality. The average PM2.5 concentration in Seattle, Washington was 3 μg/m3 at 1 PM. At 10 AM in Vancouver, British Columbia, the average PM2.5 concentration was also 3 μg/m3. Snow improves Salt Lake City air quality Snowfall further inland in Salt Lake City may have also helped those cities enjoy good air quality on Monday morning. Denver has received a little rain and snow and will likely receive more Monday evening. Salt Lake City’s “Good” air quality was noted by air quality monitors across the city on Monday. Source: IQAir. Salt Lake City struggles with pollutant-elevating temperature inversions due to its mountainous surroundings. Reduced concentrations of PM2.5 were measured by air quality monitors in Salt Lake City following heavy snowfall that began over the weekend (3). The city had measured an average PM2.5 concentrations as high as 30 μg/m3 on December 7; the average PM2.5 concentration for December 10 and 11 was 1 μg/m3. The takeaway When you see inclement weather on the horizon, it may actually be warranted to breathe a deep sigh of relief. Yes, there are inherent dangers that come with extreme weather conditions, but rain, wind, and snow can herald better air quality for cities. As seen on the U.S. West Coast this Monday, weather has improved air quality for millions and offers hope for people struggling with pervasive poor air quality.","

A cleansing rain sweeps up debris on city streets, washes away dirt and grime from homes and cars, and leaves a refreshing scent and feeling in the air. That last phenomenon is for a good reason- rain, snow, and wind can significantly help reduce air pollution.

On Monday morning, December 12, 2022, several U.S. cities were among the least polluted major cities in the world. Five U.S. cities breathed “Good” air quality, according to the U.S air quality index.

$\"5$
List of least polluted major cities and their air quality. Five U.S. cities were on the list. Source: IQAir.

Rain, snow, and wind can significantly help reduce air pollution.

Rain and snow helped lower measurements of PM2.5 in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California; Portland, Oregon; Denver, Colorado; and Salt Lake City, Utah.

PM2.5 is a common and dangerous air pollutant measuring 2.5 microns in diameter or less. Closely linked to lung and heart disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised the recommended annual PM2.5 to no more than 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3) in 2021.

Weather affects air quality

Heatwaves, rain, fog, or snow – all weather plays a critical role in determining a region’s air quality.

When high concentrations of pollutants linger in the air, air quality is poor and endangers health. This problem can be worsened by excessive heat, fog, and stagnant air. Geography, including basins and mountains, can prove an additional challenge to dispersing pollutants.

Temperature inversions, layers of warm air that can develop atop a layer of cooler air, further complicate issues impacting concentrations of air pollution. Cities and mountain valleys may trap pollutants when warm air hovers over cooler ground-level air. Temperature inversions in summer and winter are common in many western U.S. cities like Los Angeles and Salt Lake City.

Cities and mountain valleys may trap pollutants when warm air hovers over cooler ground-level air.

The same weather conditions introducing fresh breezes to a region helps reduce air pollution concentrations. Wind disperses pollutants by pushing particles out of a region and reducing dangerous concentrations of PM2.5.

Rain will dilute particle matter. It’s particularly effective in reducing heavier, larger PM10. These coarse particles are less likely to linger in the air and travel greater distances than PM2.5. Rain helps cause PM10 pollutants like pollen, dust, and dirt to quickly settle to the ground.

Small droplets of rain can coagulate after drawing in aerosolized particle pollutants (1).

Improved air quality in California

Heavy rain and snow doused California during the preceding weekend. California has struggled in recent years with a historic drought, so the precipitation offers a welcome respite for the state and may help improve low groundwater levels.

The precipitation also reduced measurements of PM2.5 by air quality monitors from San Francisco to San Diego, as the AirVisual platform indicates.

$\"California$
Heavy rains and snow significantly improved the air quality in California on Monday morning. Source: IQAir.

Los Angeles enjoyed a rare day of good air quality on Monday, where air quality monitoring stations measured an average PM2.5of just 6 μg/m3 at 2 PM.

Los Angeles air quality can be much worse in winter due to temperature inversion and excessive vehicle and industrial pollutants.

$\"Los$
Los Angeles air quality was mostly “Good” on December 12. Source: IQAir.

$\"San$
San Francisco air quality was excellent on Monday, December 12. Source: IQAir.

San Francisco’s air quality was similarly impacted. At 2 PM, the city’s average PM2.5 concentration was just 1 μg/m3.

Wildfire smoke reduced in Pacific Northwest

Wildfires have plagued air quality in the Pacific Northwest for several months (2). Widespread wildfires scattered across Washington State, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and British Columbia have led to increased concentrations of PM2.5 across the region.

Coastal rains have helped to bring a breath of fresh air to the Pacific Northwest.

Coastal rains have helped to bring a breath of fresh air to region – quite literally, as air pollutant concentrations are reduced, fires are dampened, and smoke is dissipated by the weather.

$\"Pacific$
Good air quality measured by the majority of air quality monitoring stations in the Pacific Northwest. Source: IQAir.

$\"Portland$
Portland air quality was mostly “Good” on Monday morning, December 12. Source: IQAir.

By 8 AM, Portland’s average measured concentration of PM2.5 was only 5 μg/m3, or “Good” according to the U.S. AQI.

Portland’s daily average measured concentrations of PM2.5 have been elevated since November 11, falling within the ranges of “Moderate” to “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.”

Other cities in the region also experienced good air quality. The average PM2.5 concentration in Seattle, Washington was 3 μg/m3 at 1 PM. At 10 AM in Vancouver, British Columbia, the average PM2.5 concentration was also 3 μg/m3.

Snow improves Salt Lake City air quality

Snowfall further inland in Salt Lake City may have also helped those cities enjoy good air quality on Monday morning.

Denver has received a little rain and snow and will likely receive more Monday evening.

$\"Salt$
Salt Lake City’s “Good” air quality was noted by air quality monitors across the city on Monday. Source: IQAir.

Salt Lake City struggles with pollutant-elevating temperature inversions due to its mountainous surroundings.

Reduced concentrations of PM2.5 were measured by air quality monitors in Salt Lake City following heavy snowfall that began over the weekend (3). The city had measured an average PM2.5 concentrations as high as 30 μg/m3 on December 7; the average PM2.5 concentration for December 10 and 11 was 1 μg/m3.

The takeaway

When you see inclement weather on the horizon, it may actually be warranted to breathe a deep sigh of relief. Yes, there are inherent dangers that come with extreme weather conditions, but rain, wind, and snow can herald better air quality for cities. As seen on the U.S. West Coast this Monday, weather has improved air quality for millions and offers hope for people struggling with pervasive poor air quality.

","rain-gifts-us-cities-cleanest-air-quality-world","gid://shopify/Article/564875198542","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/rain-gifts-us-cities-cleanest-air-quality-world","2022-12-06T01:25:53Z",[1169,705],"Rain gifts U.S. cities with cleanest air quality in the world",{"_10":1207,"_202":1208,"_205":1209,"_207":1176,"_203":1210},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269699285070","Portland city skyline","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_CleanestUSCities_Desk_A_36c4d6c8-7a8d-4493-9fc6-6fdddc564d5a.jpg?v=1753451143",1000,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1212,"_1139":1213,"_1154":1214,"_1156":1214,"_1157":1215,"_1159":1216,"_1008":1217,"_10":1218,"_1163":1219,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1220,"_635":1221,"_599":1222,"_1171":1223},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"As energy prices rise, Europeans are turning to cheap, polluting fuel sources for household heating.","As cold winds blow across the northern European plains and through Balkan valleys, many Europeans are relying on inexpensive local fuel sources for home heating. Though cheaper, heavy reliance on wood and coal burning for home heating could worsen an already unhealthy air quality outlook for the region. The energy crisis could make a chronic air pollution problem worse in Eastern Europe. While demand for wood is high even in economically advantaged nations like Germany and Czechia, some poorer countries and communities are turning to burning wood, cheap lignite coal, and even trash to keep warm. As air quality maps and data demonstrate, there is widespread, chronic air pollution in Eastern Europe, and the energy crisis could make a bad situation worse this winter. What’s causing the European energy crisis? European energy prices have been increasing since 2021. Much of Europe relies on the United States, Latin America, and Russia for energy. But as imports were reduced from all three sources this year, European gas consumption and inflation have risen. (1) Making matters worse, human-caused climate change from air pollution is increasing energy demand. Northern European homes that in past years did not need summer air conditioning stifled under a record summer heat wave in 2022, an event that also contributed to higher energy prices. Desperation for affordable heating in Eastern Europe is causing the worst air quality on the continent to threaten human health and endanger lives. Climate change means higher temperatures and more wildfires; it can also mean colder winters in some countries. Desperation for affordable heating in Eastern Europe is causing the worst air quality on the continent to threaten people’s health and endanger lives. Region’s worst air pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina During the winter, air pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina is consistently the most severe in the region. In 2021, 20 of the 50 most polluted cities in Europe were in Bosnia Herzegovina. Nine of the 50 most polluted cities were Serbian and seven were Polish. Cities in Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, Czechia, Hungary, Montenegro, and Russia rounded out the list. Bosnia Herzegovina is a largely mountainous country as is the case in much of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Mountainous geography can contribute to poor air quality when air circulation is stifled, stagnant air pollution fails to disperse, and high concentrations of pollutants build up in the valleys (2). Winter air quality in Bosnian cities regularly exceeded the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline by over 10 times in January, February, November, and December 2021. The WHO guideline for annual average PM2.5 concentration is no more than 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3). PM2.5 is a pollutant measuring 2.5 microns in diameter or less, linked to heart and lung disease. Unhealthy air quality measured in Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, and Kosovo on Wednesday, November 9, 2022. Source: IQAir. The U.S. Embassy air quality monitoring station in Sarajevo measured an average PM2.5 concentration of 98 μg/m3 for January 2022. While the average PM2.5 concentration for November 2022 is comparably lower at 38 μg/m3, firewood burning could still worsen air quality conditions. Firewood burning is expected to rise this winter, which could further exacerbate poor air quality. Bosnia Herzegovina and Bulgaria banned wood exports in part due to concerns that there wouldn’t be enough wood for domestic use (3). Poland air pollution caused by extensive coal use Despite poor air quality and coal’s contribution to smog, Poland suspended its ban on households burning brown or lignite coal in September (4). The country had sought to reduce its high dependence on coal for domestic heating – a legacy of the communist era – but backtracked when prices rose following a ban on Russian coal. Lifting the ban on household coal burning may see increasingly smoggy wintertime skies over Warsaw. Air quality indices ranged from moderate to unhealthy levels across almost all of Poland on November 9, 2022. This trend in worsening air quality has been consistent since October, when the average monthly measurement of PM2.5 concentrations was 17 μg/m3 at the Komunikacyjna, Warsaw air quality monitoring station. PM2.5 levels thus far for November have averaged to concentrations of 20 μg/m3. In January and February of 2022, Warsaw’s air quality has much improved when compared to 2021. For example, average PM2.5 concentrations were 37 μg/m3 in February 2021. In contrast, the average was down to just 15 μg/m3 in February 2022. Poland endures 40,000 premature deaths per year linked to air pollution. A return to widespread household wood and brown coal burning may bring those poor air quality numbers back in line with 2021. Widespread moderate to unhealthy air quality measured in Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia on November 9. Source: IQAir. Air quality was moderate in Warsaw, Poland on Wednesday. Source: IQAir. There are concerns that even lifting the ban on household coal burning won’t meet Polish energy needs, possibly leading to even more desperate measures. Around 60 percent of households may not have enough coal for the entire winter. Some people are turning to burning wood, peat, oats, and garbage to stay warm (5). Poland endures 40,000 premature deaths per year linked to air pollution. Only Bulgaria surpasses that number per capita in the European Union. Air pollution in Greece increases during economic crises Further south, there are other factors that impact poor air quality in Southeastern Europe. The region is host to 16 coal-fired power plants which are heavier polluters than other European coal-fired plants. A plant in Kosovo is one of the most polluting power plants on the continent. Industrial plants and car exhaust from older vehicles are also contributing regional polluters. However, wood burning can be a significant regional pollutant. A previous financial crisis forced people to turn to more wood-burning to reduce their energy costs. In 2013, an economic downturn affected energy prices as is happening in 2022. As residents turned to the forests to heat their homes, cities like Athens and Thessaloniki were choked with smoke (6), (7). Unhealthy air quality was widespread in Bulgaria, Greece, and North Macedonia on November 9. Source: IQAir. Unhealthy air quality measured in Thessaloniki, Greece. Source: IQAir. In Greece, an air quality monitor operated by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki measured a upswing in average concentrations of PM2.5 from September to November, 2022. Monthly average concentrations of PM2.5 measured 12, 22, and 32 μg/m3 for the months of September, October, and November 2022 respectively. The PM2.5 concentrations are also a worrying increase from 2021 measurements. Monthly average PM2.5 concentrations for November 2021 were 26 μg/m3. In November 2022, that average rose to 32 μg/m3. On November 9, 2022, Thessaloniki measured elevated, unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 around the city. Poor air quality may persist if wood-burning becomes a staple heating fuel in Greece this winter. The takeaway When people struggle to stay warm during an energy crisis, it’s understandable that they will turn to any means necessary to keep their homes at a safe temperature. Governments may feel pressured to loosen environmental protections to control energy costs. Unfortunately, these short-term and dangerous energy policies can put human health at risk through increased exposure to deadly pollutants and by contributing to environmental degradation. Here’s what’s needed – reduced dependence on heavily polluting energy imports and increased investment in sustainable renewable resources. By committing to cutting polluting energy sources, governments will save lives and be more agile during future economic and political crises.","

As cold winds blow across the northern European plains and through Balkan valleys, many Europeans are relying on inexpensive local fuel sources for home heating. Though cheaper, heavy reliance on wood and coal burning for home heating could worsen an already unhealthy air quality outlook for the region.

The energy crisis could make a chronic air pollution problem worse in Eastern Europe.

While demand for wood is high even in economically advantaged nations like Germany and Czechia, some poorer countries and communities are turning to burning wood, cheap lignite coal, and even trash to keep warm. As air quality maps and data demonstrate, there is widespread, chronic air pollution in Eastern Europe, and the energy crisis could make a bad situation worse this winter.

What’s causing the European energy crisis?

European energy prices have been increasing since 2021. Much of Europe relies on the United States, Latin America, and Russia for energy. But as imports were reduced from all three sources this year, European gas consumption and inflation have risen. (1)

Making matters worse, human-caused climate change from air pollution is increasing energy demand. Northern European homes that in past years did not need summer air conditioning stifled under a record summer heat wave in 2022, an event that also contributed to higher energy prices.

Desperation for affordable heating in Eastern Europe is causing the worst air quality on the continent to threaten human health and endanger lives.

Climate change means higher temperatures and more wildfires; it can also mean colder winters in some countries. Desperation for affordable heating in Eastern Europe is causing the worst air quality on the continent to threaten people’s health and endanger lives.

Region’s worst air pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina

During the winter, air pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina is consistently the most severe in the region. In 2021, 20 of the 50 most polluted cities in Europe were in Bosnia Herzegovina. Nine of the 50 most polluted cities were Serbian and seven were Polish. Cities in Italy, North Macedonia, Romania, Czechia, Hungary, Montenegro, and Russia rounded out the list.

Bosnia Herzegovina is a largely mountainous country as is the case in much of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Mountainous geography can contribute to poor air quality when air circulation is stifled, stagnant air pollution fails to disperse, and high concentrations of pollutants build up in the valleys (2).

Winter air quality in Bosnian cities regularly exceeded the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline by over 10 times in January, February, November, and December 2021. The WHO guideline for annual average PM2.5 concentration is no more than 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (μg/m3).

PM2.5 is a pollutant measuring 2.5 microns in diameter or less, linked to heart and lung disease.

$\"Unhealhty$

Unhealthy air quality measured in Bosnia Herzegovina, Serbia, and Kosovo on Wednesday, November 9, 2022. Source: IQAir.

The U.S. Embassy air quality monitoring station in Sarajevo measured an average PM2.5 concentration of 98 μg/m3 for January 2022. While the average PM2.5 concentration for November 2022 is comparably lower at 38 μg/m3, firewood burning could still worsen air quality conditions.

Firewood burning is expected to rise this winter, which could further exacerbate poor air quality. Bosnia Herzegovina and Bulgaria banned wood exports in part due to concerns that there wouldn’t be enough wood for domestic use (3).

Poland air pollution caused by extensive coal use

Despite poor air quality and coal’s contribution to smog, Poland suspended its ban on households burning brown or lignite coal in September (4). The country had sought to reduce its high dependence on coal for domestic heating – a legacy of the communist era – but backtracked when prices rose following a ban on Russian coal.

Lifting the ban on household coal burning may see increasingly smoggy wintertime skies over Warsaw.

Air quality indices ranged from moderate to unhealthy levels across almost all of Poland on November 9, 2022. This trend in worsening air quality has been consistent since October, when the average monthly measurement of PM2.5 concentrations was 17 μg/m3 at the Komunikacyjna, Warsaw air quality monitoring station. PM2.5 levels thus far for November have averaged to concentrations of 20 μg/m3.

In January and February of 2022, Warsaw’s air quality has much improved when compared to 2021. For example, average PM2.5 concentrations were 37 μg/m3 in February 2021. In contrast, the average was down to just 15 μg/m3 in February 2022.

Poland endures 40,000 premature deaths per year linked to air pollution.

A return to widespread household wood and brown coal burning may bring those poor air quality numbers back in line with 2021.

$\"Widespread$

Widespread moderate to unhealthy air quality measured in Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia on November 9. Source: IQAir.

$\"Air$

Air quality was moderate in Warsaw, Poland on Wednesday. Source: IQAir.

There are concerns that even lifting the ban on household coal burning won’t meet Polish energy needs, possibly leading to even more desperate measures. Around 60 percent of households may not have enough coal for the entire winter. Some people are turning to burning wood, peat, oats, and garbage to stay warm (5).

Poland endures 40,000 premature deaths per year linked to air pollution. Only Bulgaria surpasses that number per capita in the European Union.

Air pollution in Greece increases during economic crises

Further south, there are other factors that impact poor air quality in Southeastern Europe. The region is host to 16 coal-fired power plants which are heavier polluters than other European coal-fired plants. A plant in Kosovo is one of the most polluting power plants on the continent. Industrial plants and car exhaust from older vehicles are also contributing regional polluters.

However, wood burning can be a significant regional pollutant. A previous financial crisis forced people to turn to more wood-burning to reduce their energy costs. In 2013, an economic downturn affected energy prices as is happening in 2022. As residents turned to the forests to heat their homes, cities like Athens and Thessaloniki were choked with smoke (6), (7).

$\"Unhealthy$

Unhealthy air quality was widespread in Bulgaria, Greece, and North Macedonia on November 9. Source: IQAir.

$\"Unhealthy$

Unhealthy air quality measured in Thessaloniki, Greece. Source: IQAir.

In Greece, an air quality monitor operated by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki measured a upswing in average concentrations of PM2.5 from September to November, 2022. Monthly average concentrations of PM2.5 measured 12, 22, and 32 μg/m3 for the months of September, October, and November 2022 respectively.

The PM2.5 concentrations are also a worrying increase from 2021 measurements. Monthly average PM2.5 concentrations for November 2021 were 26 μg/m3. In November 2022, that average rose to 32 μg/m3.

On November 9, 2022, Thessaloniki measured elevated, unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 around the city. Poor air quality may persist if wood-burning becomes a staple heating fuel in Greece this winter.

The takeaway

When people struggle to stay warm during an energy crisis, it’s understandable that they will turn to any means necessary to keep their homes at a safe temperature. Governments may feel pressured to loosen environmental protections to control energy costs. Unfortunately, these short-term and dangerous energy policies can put human health at risk through increased exposure to deadly pollutants and by contributing to environmental degradation.

Here’s what’s needed – reduced dependence on heavily polluting energy imports and increased investment in sustainable renewable resources. By committing to cutting polluting energy sources, governments will save lives and be more agile during future economic and political crises.

","european-energy-crisis-fuels-poor-air-quality-poland-greece","gid://shopify/Article/564874444878","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/european-energy-crisis-fuels-poor-air-quality-poland-greece","2022-11-10T21:26:18Z",[1169,705],"European energy crisis fuels poor air quality from Poland to Greece",{"_10":1224,"_202":1225,"_205":1226,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269713440846","European energy crisis fuels poor air quality from Poland to Greece.","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_EuropeanEnergyCris_Desktop_111022_c7424a45-f638-49ad-8a23-df9334beeaa9.jpg?v=1753696220",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1228,"_1139":1229,"_1154":1230,"_1156":1230,"_1157":1231,"_1159":1232,"_1008":1233,"_10":1234,"_1163":1235,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1236,"_635":1237,"_599":1238,"_1171":1239},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"The heat wave is gone, but smoke and fire remain, endangering health in the U.S. and Canada. Learn more.","In the wake of a severe North American heatwave, wildfires continued to char miles of wilderness and shroud city skies on Monday, September 12. In Canada, California, and the Pacific Northwest, wildfires raged across the landscape as mid-size to large-scale conflagrations. The immediate cause for poor air quality is obvious. Multiple wildfires are racing across the region’s dry landscape, the largest including the Cedar Creek fire in Oregon (87,734 acres), Mosquito in Northern California (46,587 acres), Ross Fork fire in Idaho (37,233 acres), and the Bolt Creek and White River fires in Washington state (7,660 and 5,803 acres respectively) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Wildfire smoke degraded air quality across multiple states and provinces. Wildfire smoke degraded air quality across multiple states and provinces. Air quality monitors registered unhealthy to hazardous measurements of PM2.5 concentrations. Smoke carries airborne particulate matter measuring 2.5 diameters or smaller, referred to as PM2.5. When we breathe PM2.5, it enters our lungs and can cause respiratory and cardiac illness. Less apparent, as cooler temperatures finally prevail, is that the heat wave itself helped kindle, fuel, and intensify the fires that continue to smolder throughout the region. As heat waves and wildfires become more extreme and common in dry regions like the western U.S. and Canada, air quality issues will persist when wildfire smoke lingers long after the heat abates. Widespread poor air quality ranging from moderate to hazardous detected by air quality monitors in the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Source: IQAir. Wildfires send Lake Tahoe smoke, poor air quality A vicious heat wave ended over the weekend in California, cooling temps down from highs rising well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. But fires like the Mosquito fire east of Foresthill have abundant dry brush to feed them, leading to firefighters battling 11 separate wildfires in the state (6). Cities east of Sacramento, like Auburn and Georgetown, continued to struggle with concentrations of PM2.5 within the cities measuring up to 376 micrograms per cubic meter of air (µg/m3) on Monday. Concentrations of PM2.5 measured over 251 µg/m3 are in the hazardous range according to the U.S. air quality index (AQI). Hazardous air quality may prompt emergency condition alerts, as it can affect all people in a region. However, people sensitive to poor air quality are often the worst affected. Wildfire smoke made poor air quality far more pervasive in Northern California after the heat wave ceased. Wildfire smoke made poor air quality far more pervasive in Northern California after the heat wave ceased. In South Lake Tahoe, smoke brought concentrations of PM2.5 that measured 171 µg/m3. The last time regional air quality reached hazardous levels was on August 30, 2021, when the city evacuated ahead of the Caldor fire. Air quality in San Francisco, more distant from the fire than South Lake Tahoe, was impacted on Monday. The city’s average concentrations of PM2.5 at 11 a.m. measured 26 µg/m3, in the moderate range. San Francisco’s annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2021 was 8.2 µg/m3. Neighboring Nevada also suffered poor air quality. Air quality monitors in Reno measured unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 of 137 µg/m3, while Carson City averaged 330 µg/m3. Hazardous air quality found along the shores of Lake Tahoe and in the eastern foothill communities of the Sierra Nevada. Source: IQAir. Wildfires in Washington state harm air quality Wildfires in Washington state, many burning in the Cascade mountain range, are creating unhealthy to hazardous air quality in towns near the fires and east of them. The air quality west of the Cascades, including the Seattle area, was mostly moderate on September 12. In the mountain town of Leavenworth, Washington, the average measured PM2.5 concentration at midday was 366 µg/m3. At the same time, an average PM2.5 concentration of 206 µg/m3 was measured around the city of Spokane in eastern Washington. Last September, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Leavenworth was 10 µg/m3. Spokane’s average concentration of PM2.5 in September of 2021 was 13 µg/m3. Fires in the Cascade mountain range harm air quality in Seattle while hazardous smoke descends into eastern Washington. Source: IQAir. Poor air quality in Spokane, Washington and Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. Source: IQAir. Montana and Idaho air quality: unhealthy to hazardous Multiple largely uncontrolled fires continued to impact Idaho air quality as wildfire smoke rolled across the state border into Montana’s mountain valleys. As of Sunday, Idaho was struggling with the most wildfires in the country and the second most acreage burned. As of Sunday, Idaho was struggling with the most wildfires in the country and the second most acreage burned (7). Poor air quality shrouded Idaho from the Panhandle to Boise. Measured concentrations of PM2.5 in Lewiston were 186 µg/m3 – unhealthy – while air quality monitors in Coeur d'Alene detected very unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 of 233 µg/m3. In Montana, Butte, Bozeman, and Missoula measured concentrations of PM2.5 of 48, 73, and 143 µg/m3 respectively. Multiple fires enveloped Idaho’s skies in smoke. Source: IQAir Bend air quality becomes hazardous As of September 12, there were 19 active wildfires reported by the Oregon Department of Emergency Management. The massive Cedar Creek fire, which has been burning since August 1, took a turn for the worse over the weekend resulting in its containment numbers falling from 12% to 0%. Smoke from the fire has blanketed Portland, Oregon, and its surrounding areas (8)(9). In Bend, Oregon the measured midday PM2.5 concentration on September 12 was 165 µg/m3. In Bend, around 40 miles northeast of the Cedar Creek fire, the measured midday PM2.5 concentration on September 12 was 165 µg/m3. In September 2021, the city air quality was poor as well – enduring an average monthly PM2.5 concentration of 46 µg/m3. The Cedar Creek fire created hazardous air quality conditions in Bend, Oregon on Monday. Source: IQAir. While Canada’s west burns, smoke threatens residents 193 active wildfires in British Columbia, Canada sent roiling wildfire smoke across the province over the weekend. The wildfires and smoke sparked evacuations and air quality warnings (10). British Columbia’s wildfires and smoke sparked evacuations and air quality warnings. Vancouver air quality, like other coastal cities in the neighboring western United States, was not as poor as the air quality measured in interior cities. The city’s average concentration of PM2.5 at 11 a.m. September 11 measured an unhealthy 147 µg/m3. By 1 p.m. on Monday, air quality was moderate at 33 µg/m3. Even so, an earlier air quality warning issued by Environment Canada was extended due to transboundary smoke from the United States. Interior cities, including Kamloops, Vernon, Kelowna, and Castlegar all endured unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 as late as 1 p.m. on Monday. Rural Canada’s air quality was unhealthy on Monday. Source: IQAir. The takeaway Heat waves affect air quality by elevating ozone levels, and when accompanied by stagnant air and no rain, pollutants don’t disperse as easily. Though a break in a heat wave is good news for everyone suffering under oppressive temperatures, the longer-term consequences of extreme heat and dry ground cover mean that wildfires outlast heatwaves. Wildfire smoke ensures that air quality stays dangerously poor long after temperatures return to normal. If air quality becomes hazardous and skies are smoky, avoid outdoor exercise and activity. Don’t open windows and do run an air purifier to breathe better indoors.","

In the wake of a severe North American heatwave, wildfires continued to char miles of wilderness and shroud city skies on Monday, September 12.

In Canada, California, and the Pacific Northwest, wildfires raged across the landscape as mid-size to large-scale conflagrations.

The immediate cause for poor air quality is obvious. Multiple wildfires are racing across the region’s dry landscape, the largest including the Cedar Creek fire in Oregon (87,734 acres), Mosquito in Northern California (46,587 acres), Ross Fork fire in Idaho (37,233 acres), and the Bolt Creek and White River fires in Washington state (7,660 and 5,803 acres respectively) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5).

Wildfire smoke degraded air quality across multiple states and provinces.

Wildfire smoke degraded air quality across multiple states and provinces. Air quality monitors registered unhealthy to hazardous measurements of PM2.5 concentrations. Smoke carries airborne particulate matter measuring 2.5 diameters or smaller, referred to as PM2.5. When we breathe PM2.5, it enters our lungs and can cause respiratory and cardiac illness.

Less apparent, as cooler temperatures finally prevail, is that the heat wave itself helped kindle, fuel, and intensify the fires that continue to smolder throughout the region. As heat waves and wildfires become more extreme and common in dry regions like the western U.S. and Canada, air quality issues will persist when wildfire smoke lingers long after the heat abates.

$\"Widespread$

Widespread poor air quality ranging from moderate to hazardous detected by air quality monitors in the Pacific Northwest and Canada. Source: IQAir.

Wildfires send Lake Tahoe smoke, poor air quality

A vicious heat wave ended over the weekend in California, cooling temps down from highs rising well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. But fires like the Mosquito fire east of Foresthill have abundant dry brush to feed them, leading to firefighters battling 11 separate wildfires in the state (6).

Cities east of Sacramento, like Auburn and Georgetown, continued to struggle with concentrations of PM2.5 within the cities measuring up to 376 micrograms per cubic meter of air (µg/m3) on Monday.

Concentrations of PM2.5 measured over 251 µg/m3 are in the hazardous range according to the U.S. air quality index (AQI). Hazardous air quality may prompt emergency condition alerts, as it can affect all people in a region. However, people sensitive to poor air quality are often the worst affected.

Wildfire smoke made poor air quality far more pervasive in Northern California after the heat wave ceased.

Wildfire smoke made poor air quality far more pervasive in Northern California after the heat wave ceased. In South Lake Tahoe, smoke brought concentrations of PM2.5 that measured 171 µg/m3.

The last time regional air quality reached hazardous levels was on August 30, 2021, when the city evacuated ahead of the Caldor fire.

Air quality in San Francisco, more distant from the fire than South Lake Tahoe, was impacted on Monday. The city’s average concentrations of PM2.5 at 11 a.m. measured 26 µg/m3, in the moderate range. San Francisco’s annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2021 was 8.2 µg/m3.

Neighboring Nevada also suffered poor air quality. Air quality monitors in Reno measured unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 of 137 µg/m3, while Carson City averaged 330 µg/m3.

$\"Hazardous$

Hazardous air quality found along the shores of Lake Tahoe and in the eastern foothill communities of the Sierra Nevada. Source: IQAir.

Wildfires in Washington state harm air quality

Wildfires in Washington state, many burning in the Cascade mountain range, are creating unhealthy to hazardous air quality in towns near the fires and east of them. The air quality west of the Cascades, including the Seattle area, was mostly moderate on September 12.

In the mountain town of Leavenworth, Washington, the average measured PM2.5 concentration at midday was 366 µg/m3. At the same time, an average PM2.5 concentration of 206 µg/m3 was measured around the city of Spokane in eastern Washington.

Last September, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Leavenworth was 10 µg/m3. Spokane’s average concentration of PM2.5 in September of 2021 was 13 µg/m3.

$\"Fires$

Fires in the Cascade mountain range harm air quality in Seattle while hazardous smoke descends into eastern Washington. Source: IQAir.

$\"Poor$

Poor air quality in Spokane, Washington and Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. Source: IQAir.

Montana and Idaho air quality: unhealthy to hazardous

Multiple largely uncontrolled fires continued to impact Idaho air quality as wildfire smoke rolled across the state border into Montana’s mountain valleys.

As of Sunday, Idaho was struggling with the most wildfires in the country and the second most acreage burned.

As of Sunday, Idaho was struggling with the most wildfires in the country and the second most acreage burned (7). Poor air quality shrouded Idaho from the Panhandle to Boise.

Measured concentrations of PM2.5 in Lewiston were 186 µg/m3 – unhealthy – while air quality monitors in Coeur d'Alene detected very unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 of 233 µg/m3.

In Montana, Butte, Bozeman, and Missoula measured concentrations of PM2.5 of 48, 73, and 143 µg/m3 respectively.

$\"Multiple$

Multiple fires enveloped Idaho’s skies in smoke. Source: IQAir

Bend air quality becomes hazardous

As of September 12, there were 19 active wildfires reported by the Oregon Department of Emergency Management. The massive Cedar Creek fire, which has been burning since August 1, took a turn for the worse over the weekend resulting in its containment numbers falling from 12% to 0%. Smoke from the fire has blanketed Portland, Oregon, and its surrounding areas (8)(9).

In Bend, Oregon the measured midday PM2.5 concentration on September 12 was 165 µg/m3.

In Bend, around 40 miles northeast of the Cedar Creek fire, the measured midday PM2.5 concentration on September 12 was 165 µg/m3. In September 2021, the city air quality was poor as well – enduring an average monthly PM2.5 concentration of 46 µg/m3.

$\"The$

The Cedar Creek fire created hazardous air quality conditions in Bend, Oregon on Monday. Source: IQAir.

While Canada’s west burns, smoke threatens residents

193 active wildfires in British Columbia, Canada sent roiling wildfire smoke across the province over the weekend. The wildfires and smoke sparked evacuations and air quality warnings (10).

British Columbia’s wildfires and smoke sparked evacuations and air quality warnings.

Vancouver air quality, like other coastal cities in the neighboring western United States, was not as poor as the air quality measured in interior cities. The city’s average concentration of PM2.5 at 11 a.m. September 11 measured an unhealthy 147 µg/m3. By 1 p.m. on Monday, air quality was moderate at 33 µg/m3. Even so, an earlier air quality warning issued by Environment Canada was extended due to transboundary smoke from the United States.

Interior cities, including Kamloops, Vernon, Kelowna, and Castlegar all endured unhealthy concentrations of PM2.5 as late as 1 p.m. on Monday.

$\"Rural$

Rural Canada’s air quality was unhealthy on Monday. Source: IQAir.

The takeaway

Heat waves affect air quality by elevating ozone levels, and when accompanied by stagnant air and no rain, pollutants don’t disperse as easily. Though a break in a heat wave is good news for everyone suffering under oppressive temperatures, the longer-term consequences of extreme heat and dry ground cover mean that wildfires outlast heatwaves. Wildfire smoke ensures that air quality stays dangerously poor long after temperatures return to normal.

If air quality becomes hazardous and skies are smoky, avoid outdoor exercise and activity. Don’t open windows and do run an air purifier to breathe better indoors.

","pacific-northwest-wildfires-blow-hazardous-unhealthy-air-to-millions","gid://shopify/Article/564874608718","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/pacific-northwest-wildfires-blow-hazardous-unhealthy-air-to-millions","2022-09-12T17:17:29Z",[1169,705,725],"Pacific Northwest wildfires blow hazardous, unhealthy air to millions",{"_10":1240,"_202":1241,"_205":1242,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269688406094","dried hillside damaged by wildfire","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_750_091222_9a133d53-f14e-4933-aea9-1f15499dda85.jpg?v=1753347604",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1244,"_1139":1245,"_1154":1246,"_1156":1246,"_1157":1247,"_1159":1248,"_1008":1249,"_10":1250,"_1163":1251,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1252,"_635":1253,"_599":1254,"_1171":1255},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"A vicious cycle of heatwave, wildfire, and smoke is driving Europe’s poor air quality and threatening health. Learn more","Our planet is overheating. In Europe this summer, climate change trends created life-threatening heatwaves and widespread wildfires. Those conditions made Paris the third most polluted major city in the world on July 19, 2022.Pictured: Paris, France air quality was dangerously unhealthy on the evening of July 19, 2022. Source: IQAir AirVisual.Extreme heat and wildfire smoke caused PM2.5 concentration in Paris to rise to four times the WHO daily air quality guideline value.In Paris, the average PM2.5 (particulate matter measuring under 2.5 microns in diameter) concentration of 60 μg/m3 was measured on Tuesday. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke caused PM2.5 concentration in Paris to rise to four times the WHO daily air quality guideline value.Pictured: City air quality in Paris, France on July 19 was four times the WHO daily air quality guideline value. Source: IQAir AirVisual.Pictured: Air quality map of Paris displays most air quality stations with unhealthy air quality. Source: IQAir AirVisual.Extreme heat impacts air qualityParis, London, Amsterdam, and Brussels were broiling on Tuesday, where temperatures were over 20 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than historical averages for the date than in previous years (1). A village in Lincolnshire, England recorded a temperature of 104.5 degrees for the first time on record (2).Over 1,700 people have suffered heat-related deaths in Spain and Portugal.The heatwave alone has carried an alarming death toll. Over 1,700 people have suffered heat-related deaths in Spain and Portugal. Portugal sustained 1,063 deaths between July 7 and 18 from the heatwave. In Spain, 678 people died between July 10 and July 17 (3).The heatwave set the stage for fire, smoke, and smoke’s deadly air pollution to impact millions of lives. But pollutants reacting with sunshine can also result in air pollution. When temperatures rise, ground-level ozone increases. Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by vehicles and industry react with sunlight to create ozone, also known as smog.Apart from impacting visibility, smog affects the heart and lungs with an array of symptoms ranging from difficulty breathing to lung damage and increased asthma attacks.As temperatures rise, wildfires rageIn Europe, the extreme heatwave fueled severe wildfires in multiple countries and endangered health across the continent. Are you wildfire ready? Get your free wildfire checklist and be prepared. Download Now ×Close Email No Thanks Through human-induced climate change, Northern Hemisphere temperatures are rising and drying out ground cover, creating tinderbox conditions that feed into more extreme wildfires like those burning in Europe.The fires in southwestern France are the region’s largest conflagration in over 30 years.In southwestern France, wildfires surrounding Bordeaux burned about 80 square miles of forest and forced the evacuation of 37,000 residents in seaside resorts (4). The fires are the region’s largest conflagration in over 30 years.In late July, wildfires blazed and caused evacuations across Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, and Greece.In Spain, wildfires charred 173,000 acres in 2022 and doubled the average acreage burned by wildfires for the past decade (5). As of Tuesday, firefighters were battling over 30 wildfires across the country.Wildfire smoke and heat drives poor air qualityWildfires send drifting plumes of noxious smoke hundreds or even thousands of miles from its source. The end result – very poor air quality.Wildfire smoke’s primary pollutant is PM2.5. This tiny pollutant causes heart and respiratory illness, as well as impacting every organ in the body.Because it’s so dangerous, the World Health Organization guideline for average daily PM2.5 emission levels is 15 μg/m3 or lower. Poor air quality far above the WHO guideline was measured in London and Paris on Tuesday evening.Pictured: Heat and wildfire smoke steeply degraded air quality in much of Western Europe on July 19. Source: IQAir AirVisual.The heatwave and fires burning in London led to poor air quality. Air quality monitoring stations showed air quality in the “moderate” range. And “moderate” can be misleading – no amount of air pollution is considered safe, including the entire range of average PM2.5 concentration measurements in the moderate range (12.1 to 35.4 μg/m3).Pictured: London’s air quality map displays air quality shown as moderate throughout most of the city. Source: IQAir AirVisual.Wildfire smoke is toxic and has both an immediate and long-term impact on human health. We may first experience wildfire smoke through eye irritation, a scratchy throat, shortness of breath, and a headache. Asthma sufferers and people with allergies can struggle with severe symptoms through airway inflammation. Studies have found that in places more prone to wildfire smoke exposure, there are increases in respiratory illness hospitalizations (6).Carbon dioxide is also emitted with wildfire smoke. A primary greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide contributes to climate change by helping trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere – continuing a feedback loop that results in higher temperatures and more fires.The takeawayThe vicious feedback loop connecting warming temperatures, increased heat, wildfire smoke, and air pollution will only grow stronger so long as the world allows uncontrolled warming.“The inextricable link between air pollution and global climate change is a stark reminder that the risks posed by air pollution are far more widespread than the adverse health effects experienced in global regions with chronically poor quality air,” noted Dr. Christi Chester Schroeder, Air Quality Science Manager at IQAir.“Air pollution anywhere increases risk for adverse consequences everywhere.”The best solution is to cut greenhouse gases and air pollution sources off at their source by enforcing reduced industrial and vehicle emissions. By adopting policies that adhere to the WHO guideline, nations can ensure healthier air quality for all citizens and reduce emissions that feed into the cycle of human-induced climate change.","

Our planet is overheating. In Europe this summer, climate change trends created life-threatening heatwaves and widespread wildfires. Those conditions made Paris the third most polluted major city in the world on July 19, 2022.

$\"France$

Pictured: Paris, France air quality was dangerously unhealthy on the evening of July 19, 2022. Source: IQAir AirVisual.

Extreme heat and wildfire smoke caused PM2.5 concentration in Paris to rise to four times the WHO daily air quality guideline value.

In Paris, the average PM2.5 (particulate matter measuring under 2.5 microns in diameter) concentration of 60 μg/m3 was measured on Tuesday. Extreme heat and wildfire smoke caused PM2.5 concentration in Paris to rise to four times the WHO daily air quality guideline value.

$\"City$

Pictured: City air quality in Paris, France on July 19 was four times the WHO daily air quality guideline value. Source: IQAir AirVisual.

$\"Air$

Pictured: Air quality map of Paris displays most air quality stations with unhealthy air quality. Source: IQAir AirVisual.

Extreme heat impacts air quality

Paris, London, Amsterdam, and Brussels were broiling on Tuesday, where temperatures were over 20 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than historical averages for the date than in previous years (1). A village in Lincolnshire, England recorded a temperature of 104.5 degrees for the first time on record (2).

Over 1,700 people have suffered heat-related deaths in Spain and Portugal.

The heatwave alone has carried an alarming death toll. Over 1,700 people have suffered heat-related deaths in Spain and Portugal. Portugal sustained 1,063 deaths between July 7 and 18 from the heatwave. In Spain, 678 people died between July 10 and July 17 (3).

The heatwave set the stage for fire, smoke, and smoke’s deadly air pollution to impact millions of lives. But pollutants reacting with sunshine can also result in air pollution. When temperatures rise, ground-level ozone increases. Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by vehicles and industry react with sunlight to create ozone, also known as smog.

Apart from impacting visibility, smog affects the heart and lungs with an array of symptoms ranging from difficulty breathing to lung damage and increased asthma attacks.

As temperatures rise, wildfires rage

In Europe, the extreme heatwave fueled severe wildfires in multiple countries and endangered health across the continent.

Are you wildfire ready?
\n\nGet your free wildfire checklist and be prepared.

\n\n\n

\n Download Now\n

\n \n

Through human-induced climate change, Northern Hemisphere temperatures are rising and drying out ground cover, creating tinderbox conditions that feed into more extreme wildfires like those burning in Europe.

The fires in southwestern France are the region’s largest conflagration in over 30 years.

In southwestern France, wildfires surrounding Bordeaux burned about 80 square miles of forest and forced the evacuation of 37,000 residents in seaside resorts (4). The fires are the region’s largest conflagration in over 30 years.

In late July, wildfires blazed and caused evacuations across Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, and Greece.

In Spain, wildfires charred 173,000 acres in 2022 and doubled the average acreage burned by wildfires for the past decade (5). As of Tuesday, firefighters were battling over 30 wildfires across the country.

Wildfire smoke and heat drives poor air quality

Wildfires send drifting plumes of noxious smoke hundreds or even thousands of miles from its source. The end result – very poor air quality.

Wildfire smoke’s primary pollutant is PM2.5. This tiny pollutant causes heart and respiratory illness, as well as impacting every organ in the body.

Because it’s so dangerous, the World Health Organization guideline for average daily PM2.5 emission levels is 15 μg/m3 or lower.

Poor air quality far above the WHO guideline was measured in London and Paris on Tuesday evening.

$\"Heat$

Pictured: Heat and wildfire smoke steeply degraded air quality in much of Western Europe on July 19. Source: IQAir AirVisual.

The heatwave and fires burning in London led to poor air quality. Air quality monitoring stations showed air quality in the “moderate” range. And “moderate” can be misleading – no amount of air pollution is considered safe, including the entire range of average PM2.5 concentration measurements in the moderate range (12.1 to 35.4 μg/m3).

$\"London’s$

Pictured: London’s air quality map displays air quality shown as moderate throughout most of the city. Source: IQAir AirVisual.

Wildfire smoke is toxic and has both an immediate and long-term impact on human health. We may first experience wildfire smoke through eye irritation, a scratchy throat, shortness of breath, and a headache. Asthma sufferers and people with allergies can struggle with severe symptoms through airway inflammation. Studies have found that in places more prone to wildfire smoke exposure, there are increases in respiratory illness hospitalizations (6).

Carbon dioxide is also emitted with wildfire smoke. A primary greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide contributes to climate change by helping trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere – continuing a feedback loop that results in higher temperatures and more fires.

The takeaway

The vicious feedback loop connecting warming temperatures, increased heat, wildfire smoke, and air pollution will only grow stronger so long as the world allows uncontrolled warming.

“The inextricable link between air pollution and global climate change is a stark reminder that the risks posed by air pollution are far more widespread than the adverse health effects experienced in global regions with chronically poor quality air,” noted Dr. Christi Chester Schroeder, Air Quality Science Manager at IQAir.

“Air pollution anywhere increases risk for adverse consequences everywhere.”

The best solution is to cut greenhouse gases and air pollution sources off at their source by enforcing reduced industrial and vehicle emissions. By adopting policies that adhere to the WHO guideline, nations can ensure healthier air quality for all citizens and reduce emissions that feed into the cycle of human-induced climate change.

","2022-european-heatwave","gid://shopify/Article/564874870862","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/2022-european-heatwave","2022-07-20T21:17:38Z",[1169,705,725],"Wildfires, heatwave drive air pollution in Europe",{"_10":1256,"_202":1257,"_205":1258,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269595967566","Paris skyline with smog surround the Eiffel Tower","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_EuropeAirPollution_Desktop_0cac46c4-405a-466f-9cae-9c7b0c6a9c1c.jpg?v=1752575462",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1260,"_1139":1261,"_1154":1262,"_1156":1262,"_1157":1263,"_1159":1264,"_1008":1265,"_10":1266,"_1163":1267,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1268,"_635":1269,"_599":1270,"_1171":1271},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Poor air quality is demanding that candidates in Bangkok’s Governor’s race pledge stronger mitigation.","On Sunday, May 22nd, Bangkok, Thailand held its first gubernatorial elections in nine years against a backdrop of recurring poor air quality and rising citizen health concerns. Election results released on Monday, May 23rd showed independent candidate Chadchart Sittipunt had won the office (1). Delayed by the 2014 coup d'état, 31 office-seekers were vying for the Bangkok governor’s post, a position that doubles as the city’s mayor. As governor, Sittipunt has some authority to set air pollution mitigation policy for the sprawling city with a metropolitan population of 14.6 million people. Other leading candidates’ platforms proposed numerous solutions for improving the city’s poor air quality, but air quality activists like Greenpeace are concerned that stated plans – including Sittpunt’s – didn’t go far enough in addressing the root causes of Bangkok’s air pollution. Long-standing poor air quality in Bangkok Too often, Bangkok residents struggle to enjoy breathable air year-round. According to IQAir’s 2021 World Air Quality Report, Bangkok had an annual average PM2.5 concentration of 20.0 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3), an incremental improvement from 20.6 μg/m3 in 2020. Bangkok’s average annual PM2.5 concentration – particulate pollution under 2.5 microns in diameter linked to a wide range of serious health problems – is four times the WHO guideline of 5 μg/m3. Bangkok’s PM2.5 levels exceeded the WHO guideline by over nine times during January and February 2021. However, the air quality in Bangkok was much more of a health hazard during January and February 2021, rising to an average monthly PM2.5 concentration of 42.3 μg/m3 and 45.2 μg/m3 for January and February respectively. PM2.5 levels exceeded the WHO guideline by over nine times during those months. “The trend in Thailand of slightly decreasing PM2.5 concentrations is encouraging, however, the magnitude of these PM2.5 levels continues to pose a serious health risk.” said Dr. Christi Chester Schroeder, Air Quality Science Manager at IQAir. Bangkok air pollution causes Much of Thailand's air pollution is concentrated in the northwest, where agricultural burns and forest fires can have a strong seasonal impact on air quality. However, smoke from those fires and nearer agricultural burns can also reach as far as Bangkok, conflating existing source control issues like industrial and vehicular traffic emissions. Bangkok also struggles with poor urban planning, a problem none of the candidates addressed directly. But Bangkok also struggles with poor urban planning, a problem none of the candidates addressed directly. “Like other cities around the world, Bangkok also has a heat island phenomenon caused by unplanned and uncontrolled high buildings,” said Alliya Moun-ob, Greenpeace Thailand Energy Transition Coordinator. “The heat island can cause atmospheric inversion and bad air flow in the area. “It’s the reason why the concentration of PM2.5 is much higher from November through February in Bangkok.” Candidates pledged Bangkok air pollution change Many of the leading candidates had included air quality improvement in their platforms. In his platform, newly-elected Governor Chadchart Sittipunt cited a plan to create a dust-free “Clean Air area,” increase green spaces, improve waste management, encourage electric vehicles, and address the city’s PM2.5 root causes. Outgoing Governor Aswin Kwanmuang also declared his intention to increase green spaces and improve waste management. He placed fifth in the race. Five candidates – including Chadchart Sittipunt, Deputy Governor Sakoltee Phattiyakul, second-place candidate Suchatvee Suwansawat, Weerachai Laoruangwattana, and Supachai Tantikom – pledged to expand the number of air quality monitors in the city. Alliya voiced concerns prior to the vote that after the elections have passed and when seasons change, the urgency to change will be diminished. “The public's interest in air pollution in Bangkok depends on the PM2.5 concentration. In April, the PM2.5 concentration spiked due to the weather conditions, causing the public and the candidates to take an interest in this issue. Many candidates propose very nice policies but after this dust period, it is still unknown whether the new governor will do what he/she promised or not. “We still need to work hard to make the public aware that even in other seasons, including the wet season, PM2.5 is still in the air and can cause chronic health issues.” Schroeder agrees that awareness is important. “Raising awareness of the real health risks posed by breathing poor quality air is crucial to the well-being of people around the world. Unfortunately, it often becomes a topic only raised when the consequences occur in real time and cannot be ignored.” The takeaway Thailand's government operates the largest air quality monitoring network in Southeast Asia, with stations in 113 cities. However, none of the cities – including Bangkok – met the WHO's PM2.5 guideline in 2021. Acknowledging the air quality problem – both nationally and locally – has been a hurdle to tackling air pollution. Incoming Governor Sittipunt will have to take a multi-prong approach to air pollution reduction by eliminating air pollution sources, prioritizing a more sustainable city plan, and raising air quality awareness throughout the year.","

On Sunday, May 22nd, Bangkok, Thailand held its first gubernatorial elections in nine years against a backdrop of recurring poor air quality and rising citizen health concerns. Election results released on Monday, May 23rd showed independent candidate Chadchart Sittipunt had won the office (1).

Delayed by the 2014 coup d'état, 31 office-seekers were vying for the Bangkok governor’s post, a position that doubles as the city’s mayor. As governor, Sittipunt has some authority to set air pollution mitigation policy for the sprawling city with a metropolitan population of 14.6 million people.

Other leading candidates’ platforms proposed numerous solutions for improving the city’s poor air quality, but air quality activists like Greenpeace are concerned that stated plans – including Sittpunt’s – didn’t go far enough in addressing the root causes of Bangkok’s air pollution.

Long-standing poor air quality in Bangkok

Too often, Bangkok residents struggle to enjoy breathable air year-round. According to IQAir’s 2021 World Air Quality Report, Bangkok had an annual average PM2.5 concentration of 20.0 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³), an incremental improvement from 20.6 μg/m³ in 2020. Bangkok’s average annual PM2.5 concentration – particulate pollution under 2.5 microns in diameter linked to a wide range of serious health problems – is four times the WHO guideline of 5 μg/m³.

Bangkok’s PM2.5 levels exceeded the WHO guideline by over nine times during January and February 2021.

However, the air quality in Bangkok was much more of a health hazard during January and February 2021, rising to an average monthly PM2.5 concentration of 42.3 μg/m³ and 45.2 μg/m³ for January and February respectively. PM2.5 levels exceeded the WHO guideline by over nine times during those months.

“The trend in Thailand of slightly decreasing PM2.5 concentrations is encouraging, however, the magnitude of these PM2.5 levels continues to pose a serious health risk.” said Dr. Christi Chester Schroeder, Air Quality Science Manager at IQAir.

Bangkok air pollution causes

Much of Thailand's air pollution is concentrated in the northwest, where agricultural burns and forest fires can have a strong seasonal impact on air quality. However, smoke from those fires and nearer agricultural burns can also reach as far as Bangkok, conflating existing source control issues like industrial and vehicular traffic emissions.

Bangkok also struggles with poor urban planning, a problem none of the candidates addressed directly.

But Bangkok also struggles with poor urban planning, a problem none of the candidates addressed directly. “Like other cities around the world, Bangkok also has a heat island phenomenon caused by unplanned and uncontrolled high buildings,” said Alliya Moun-ob, Greenpeace Thailand Energy Transition Coordinator. “The heat island can cause atmospheric inversion and bad air flow in the area.

“It’s the reason why the concentration of PM2.5 is much higher from November through February in Bangkok.”

Candidates pledged Bangkok air pollution change

Many of the leading candidates had included air quality improvement in their platforms.

In his platform, newly-elected Governor Chadchart Sittipunt cited a plan to create a dust-free “Clean Air area,” increase green spaces, improve waste management, encourage electric vehicles, and address the city’s PM2.5 root causes.

Outgoing Governor Aswin Kwanmuang also declared his intention to increase green spaces and improve waste management. He placed fifth in the race.

Five candidates – including Chadchart Sittipunt, Deputy Governor Sakoltee Phattiyakul, second-place candidate Suchatvee Suwansawat, Weerachai Laoruangwattana, and Supachai Tantikom – pledged to expand the number of air quality monitors in the city.

Alliya voiced concerns prior to the vote that after the elections have passed and when seasons change, the urgency to change will be diminished. “The public's interest in air pollution in Bangkok depends on the PM2.5 concentration. In April, the PM2.5 concentration spiked due to the weather conditions, causing the public and the candidates to take an interest in this issue. Many candidates propose very nice policies but after this dust period, it is still unknown whether the new governor will do what he/she promised or not.

“We still need to work hard to make the public aware that even in other seasons, including the wet season, PM2.5 is still in the air and can cause chronic health issues.”

Schroeder agrees that awareness is important. “Raising awareness of the real health risks posed by breathing poor quality air is crucial to the well-being of people around the world. Unfortunately, it often becomes a topic only raised when the consequences occur in real time and cannot be ignored.”

The takeaway

Thailand's government operates the largest air quality monitoring network in Southeast Asia, with stations in 113 cities. However, none of the cities – including Bangkok – met the WHO's PM2.5 guideline in 2021.

Acknowledging the air quality problem – both nationally and locally – has been a hurdle to tackling air pollution. Incoming Governor Sittipunt will have to take a multi-prong approach to air pollution reduction by eliminating air pollution sources, prioritizing a more sustainable city plan, and raising air quality awareness throughout the year.

","2022-bangkok-governors-race","gid://shopify/Article/564874707022","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/2022-bangkok-governors-race","2022-05-23T19:56:21Z",[1169,705],"Air quality key issue in Bangkok Governor’s race",{"_10":1272,"_202":1273,"_205":1274,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269674315854","Bangkok air quality","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/BN_Bangkok_Desktop_1423443f-8907-4477-9c3c-6359256a370d.jpg?v=1753261118",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1276,"_1139":1277,"_1154":1278,"_1156":1278,"_1157":1279,"_1159":1280,"_1008":1281,"_10":1282,"_1163":1283,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1284,"_635":1285,"_599":1286,"_1171":1287},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"The entire nation of the UAE found itself blanketed by sandstorms in May.","The sky is red. The air is thick. Sand, dust, and other particles pollute the air, making it difficult to breathe. Those are the conditions that people living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) experienced on Wednesday, May 18, 2022 when a sandstorm struck in Dubai and Abu Dhabi (1). Major sandstorms are not uncommon in the Middle East. This April, several large-scale sandstorms ravaged parts of Iraq and Iran, seriously affecting air quality, and causing problems for the local citizenry (2). Millions of homes have been covered in choking, obstructing dust. Millions of homes have been covered in choking, obstructing dust. Flights have been grounded, schools have been closed, and thousands have been hospitalized. Poor air quality seen in the Persian Gulf and Middle East on May 18, 2022. Sandstorm occurrences in the area are increasing, due to drought, changing weather due to climate change, and soil degradation. Predictions are that this phenomenon will only get worse over the coming years (3). Dubai weather and air quality turns dangerous On May 18th, cities in the UAE were blasted by these extreme weather conditions. Dubai and Abu Dhabi became engulfed in a dusty haze, visual evidence to the naked eye that air quality is severely compromised. Hazardous and very unhealthy air quality seen across UAE. By Wednesday evening, nearly all air quality monitoring stations in Dubai and Abu Dhabi measured dangerously high concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. PM10 is particle pollution like sand measuring 10 micrometers in diameter. PM2.5 – particles 2.5 micrometers in diameter and the pollutant most harmful to human health – consists of finer particles, such as dust, soot, viruses, and bacteria. Dubai’s air quality monitors show elevated levels of PM. Air quality monitors register hazardous levels across most of Dubai. Dubai’s average city-wide concentration of PM10 was 784.7 µg/m3– representing hazardous air quality. Dubai’s average city-wide concentration of PM10 was 784.7 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m3), representing hazardous air quality. PM2.5 measured 94.5 µg/m3, or 18.9 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for healthy air quality, an annual average guideline value of PM2.5 of 5 µg/m3 or less. Abu Dhabi’s PM2.5 was 60.5 times higher than the annual average WHO guideline value. In Abu Dhabi, the air quality index range (AQI) in the area exceeded 352 (within the “unhealthy” air quality range), and recorded PM2.5 concentrations approximately 60.5 times higher than the WHO annual air quality guideline value. A sandstorm in Abu Dhabi elevates poor air quality across the city. Dr. Christi Chester Schroeder, Air Quality Science Manager at IQAir, expressed concern over such high PM concentrations. “There is clear scientific evidence that both short- and long-term exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, such as those being experienced in Dubai and Abu Dhabi right now, pose a significant risk to human health.” The takeaway The severity of the UAE sandstorm emphasizes the value of comprehensive, up-to-date, transparent air quality information. The more data points, the better, and increasing the number of data monitors across the globe provides greater insight into the air we are breathing. Air quality monitoring also delivers alerts of severe air quality events around the world, from wildfires in California to sandstorms in Dubai. This empowers citizens to make choices in the best interests of themselves and their families and ultimately lessen their exposure to air pollution.","

The sky is red. The air is thick. Sand, dust, and other particles pollute the air, making it difficult to breathe. Those are the conditions that people living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) experienced on Wednesday, May 18, 2022 when a sandstorm struck in Dubai and Abu Dhabi (1).

Major sandstorms are not uncommon in the Middle East. This April, several large-scale sandstorms ravaged parts of Iraq and Iran, seriously affecting air quality, and causing problems for the local citizenry (2).

Millions of homes have been covered in choking, obstructing dust.

Millions of homes have been covered in choking, obstructing dust. Flights have been grounded, schools have been closed, and thousands have been hospitalized.

$\"Poor$

Poor air quality seen in the Persian Gulf and Middle East on May 18, 2022.

Sandstorm occurrences in the area are increasing, due to drought, changing weather due to climate change, and soil degradation. Predictions are that this phenomenon will only get worse over the coming years (3).

Dubai weather and air quality turns dangerous

On May 18th, cities in the UAE were blasted by these extreme weather conditions. Dubai and Abu Dhabi became engulfed in a dusty haze, visual evidence to the naked eye that air quality is severely compromised.

$\"Hazardous$

Hazardous and very unhealthy air quality seen across UAE.

By Wednesday evening, nearly all air quality monitoring stations in Dubai and Abu Dhabi measured dangerously high concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. PM10 is particle pollution like sand measuring 10 micrometers in diameter. PM2.5 – particles 2.5 micrometers in diameter and the pollutant most harmful to human health – consists of finer particles, such as dust, soot, viruses, and bacteria.

$\"Dubai’s$

Dubai’s air quality monitors show elevated levels of PM.

$\"Air$

Air quality monitors register hazardous levels across most of Dubai.

Dubai’s average city-wide concentration of PM10 was 784.7 µg/m³– representing hazardous air quality.

Dubai’s average city-wide concentration of PM10 was 784.7 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³), representing hazardous air quality. PM2.5 measured 94.5 µg/m³, or 18.9 times above the guideline set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for healthy air quality, an annual average guideline value of PM2.5 of 5 µg/m³ or less.

Abu Dhabi’s PM2.5 was 60.5 times higher than the annual average WHO guideline value.

In Abu Dhabi, the air quality index range (AQI) in the area exceeded 352 (within the “unhealthy” air quality range), and recorded PM2.5 concentrations approximately 60.5 times higher than the WHO annual air quality guideline value.

$\"A$

A sandstorm in Abu Dhabi elevates poor air quality across the city.

Dr. Christi Chester Schroeder, Air Quality Science Manager at IQAir, expressed concern over such high PM concentrations. “There is clear scientific evidence that both short- and long-term exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, such as those being experienced in Dubai and Abu Dhabi right now, pose a significant risk to human health.”

The takeaway

The severity of the UAE sandstorm emphasizes the value of comprehensive, up-to-date, transparent air quality information. The more data points, the better, and increasing the number of data monitors across the globe provides greater insight into the air we are breathing.

Air quality monitoring also delivers alerts of severe air quality events around the world, from wildfires in California to sandstorms in Dubai. This empowers citizens to make choices in the best interests of themselves and their families and ultimately lessen their exposure to air pollution.

","2022-dubai-sandstorm","gid://shopify/Article/564875133006","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/2022-dubai-sandstorm","2022-05-18T19:06:48Z",[1169,705,715],"Air quality scientists worried about sandstorm",{"_10":1288,"_202":1289,"_205":1290,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269543637070","Dubai sand storm","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/BN_Dubai_Desktop_226c8b12-b306-4153-b7a1-b54b30f3c847.jpg?v=1752136631",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1292,"_1139":1293,"_1154":1294,"_1156":1294,"_1157":1295,"_1159":1296,"_1008":1297,"_10":1298,"_1163":1299,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1300,"_635":1301,"_599":1302,"_1171":1303},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out what the research says about early deaths linked to air pollution.","Air pollution is a silent but deadly killer.Around 70-75% of the global population breathes dangerously polluted air above the annual limit of 10 μg/m3 recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).And in 2017, a highly publicized Lancet commission on pollution and health painted a vivid portrait of global air quality.According to the report, air pollution is one of the world’s most dangerous killers. Nearly 7 million early deaths per year are linked to air pollution alone.1But increasing research shows that previous estimates of numbers of deaths linked to air pollution may be understated.A groundbreaking 2018 study from Health Canada used a novel data collection method called the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) to estimate that up to 8.8 million people may die every year from causes linked to particulate matter pollution.2A groundbreaking 2018 study estimated that up to 8.8 million people die each year from air pollution.This study also noted that up to 2.4 million of these deaths were specifically attributable to cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, concluding that air pollution was a leading cause of death worldwide.In 2019, two alarming studies corroborated this estimate of deaths by air pollution.A study in the European Heart Journal used the GEMM method to confirm the Canadian team’s figure of 8.8 million deaths, further breaking down their data to show that Europe bore the brunt of air pollution-related deaths.3According to researchers, 269,000 out of the 2.4 million deaths caused by air pollution-related heart disease were documented in Europe alone.Another study, this time from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), found that, even though air pollution levels in the United States dropped nearly 25% from 2009 to 2016, they rose again by over 5% between 2016 and 2018.4This sudden increase from 2016 to 2018 is no accident. Much of this increase can be attributed to the change in presidential administrations in early 2017.The Trump administration frequently claimed that it “made it a top priority to ensure America” has the cleanest air and water. However, his administration, including leadership at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was nonetheless responsible for frequent attempts to loosen pollution guidelines.According to the official EPA Air Quality Index, the number of official Unhealthy Air Days during the Trump presidency increased in America.5For context, the category of “Unhealthy Air Days” refers to days where the outdoor air quality is so poor that children, the elderly, and those with existing lung conditions are at much higher risk for exacerbated symptoms and premature deaths.The Trump administration also authorized rollbacks on environmental protections established during the Obama administration, such as freezing vehicle emission standards and pulling out of the international Paris Agreement.6,7As a result, the U.S. had the seventh-highest number of pollution-related deaths in the world as of 2019.8The U.S. had the 7th-highest number of air pollution deaths in the world as of 2019.The Global Alliance on Health and Pollution estimates that 196,930 Americans lost their lives prematurely due to pollution in 2017 alone, over half of which were caused by outdoor air pollution.What are the biggest sources of air pollution?There are three main types of air pollution: Indoor air pollution: This type of pollution can stem from indoor cooking, cleaning chemicals and even poor ventilation while using heating or air conditioning.9 Ambient fine-particulate pollution (PM2.5): PM2.5 particles come from many sources, including vehicle exhaust and factory emissions. They can get into your bloodstream and cause heart and lung conditions.10 Tropospheric (ground-level) ozone: This dangerous type of ozone forms when heat interacts with chemicals in the lower atmosphere. It can trigger asthma symptoms and even permanently harm your lungs.11 Relative wealth and poverty influence the sources of pollution in a community and how acutely they harm those communities.Developed countries face dangerous pollution from industrialization. But many of these nations have the resources to make policy changes that improve air quality.For example, the 1970 Clean Air Act in the United States helped decrease air pollution by 70% in a matter of decades.12Wealth and poverty influence the sources of pollution in a community and how acutely they harm those communities.But 92% of the worldwide air pollution-related deaths happen in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).These countries have far fewer resources to combat air pollution. Pollution-related human health impacts and increased death rates are also common among minority groups more likely to live in or near poor and polluted areas.13,14,15Pollution linked to povertyPoor and developing areas suffer the worst air pollution.16Nearly 3 billion people still rely on biomass fuels for light, heat, and cooking. These fuels, which include firewood and animal dung, are crucial for survival where electricity, gas, and oil aren’t available.But biomass fuels contain dangerous particles and chemicals like sulfur and nitrogen and quickly build up indoors. This can cause damage to your lungs, trigger asthma and cause life-threatening breathing problems.Many communities are also exposed to other dangerous pollutants: Coal facilities near indigenous Adivasi communities in India have caused millions to leave their homes due to deadly pollution generated by power plants and coal burning. Lead, zinc, and coal mines near villages in South Africa and Peru cause lung conditions like silicosis because of airborne particles produced by mining. Oil and gas production near poor communities in Latin America have led to large-scale pollution in areas that don’t have the resources to regulate corporations or clean pollution left behind by production activities. Electronic waste (E-waste) recycling creates toxic fumes from the burning of electronics for their raw minerals. Nearly 50 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2019.17 Many communities rely on these e-waste facilities for jobs and income, trapping them in a cycle of poverty and pollution. Pollution linked to industrial developmentMany industrialized regions aren’t as exposed to solid fuels and mining as poorer, developing regions are. But other types of pollutants have become rampant, including: Ambient air pollution from vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and electricity production18 Chemical pollution from agricultural pesticides and herbicides (also called “weed killers”)19 Ambient air pollution, especially PM2.5 and ground-level ozone, has been linked to: asthma diabetes birth defects ADHD autism dementia heart disease COPD cancer Increasing concentrations of chemical pollution have been linked to endocrine disruption, which stunts growth and can cause cancer.In developed countries, a majority of industrial air pollution is caused by just a small percentage of companies with gigantic carbon footprints.A 2017 study by the non-profit CDP in partnership with the Climate Accountability Institute found that 70% of the world’s air pollution came from 100 companies who alone produced 923 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, including:20 energy companies that constantly burn fossil fuels, such as coal, to generate power, including investor-owned corporate giants like Saudi Aramco and Gazprom worth billions of dollars car manufacturers with large-scale production of vehicles massive factories and production facilities that require enormous amounts of power to operate 70% of the world’s air pollution comes from just 100 companies.Some cities in industrialized countries bear the worst of this pollution.Mira Loma Village, a California city 50 miles east of Los Angeles, is surrounded by factory smoke, heavy vehicle traffic, and pollutants blown in from the coast and trapped by the surrounding San Gabriel mountains.Children and adults living in this region of Southern California, known as the Inland Empire, experience lower lung capacity and higher rates of asthma and lung cancer.The city of Bakersfield, located in California’s Central Valley, also faces pollution from pesticides, fertilizer, and several busy highways within the city limits.Located in the center of California’s enormous agricultural industry, Bakersfield and other Central Valley cities, such as Fresno and Visalia, regularly outrank even notoriously polluted cities like Los Angeles, New York City and Beijing on lists of the world’s dirtiest cities.What’s next for global air pollution?Global deaths from air pollution will rise if nothing changes. Deaths could increase over 50% by 2050 due to PM2.5 pollution alone. Cities suffering from new, deadly combinations of air pollution regularly appear in the news.In 2017, the Indian city of Delhi was named the most polluted city on Earth by numerous publications due to extreme levels of PM2.5.Much of this pollution was caused by a mixture of pollution from sources old and new – smog from millions of cars, factories and construction sites coupled with large-scale biomass fuel burning in the surrounding regions.21Global deaths from air pollution will rise if nothing changes. Deaths could increase over 50% by 2050 due to PM2.5 pollution alone.In the same year, the city of Lahore in Pakistan experienced a similar pollution crisis.Massive amounts of biofuel smoke and largely unregulated factory emissions regularly result in smog so thick and toxic that it’s called a “fifth season.”A 2015 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that air pollution killed 60,000 residents of Lahore that year, and pollution concentrations have only risen since.22But it’s not all bad news.The Supreme Court of India has passed laws to protect Adivasi communities from polluted air caused by mining.23,24The Gyapa Stoves project has also addressed coal and biomass pollution in Accra, Ghana. Since 2008, this project has improved local air quality by nearly 50%.And in 2020, COVID-19 ground global economies to a halt, creating a massive experiment in the possibilities of fighting air pollution.Using AirVisual data from over 80,000 sensors, the IQAir COVID-19 Air Quality Report found that shutdowns resulting from the pandemic reduced air pollution in major cities like Delhi, Seoul, and Los Angeles by up to 60%.This extreme reduction in air pollution was attributed to a huge drop in vehicle traffic, thousands of grounded flights, and reduced production capacities at factories, all of which are major contributors to global air pollution.Though the reduction in global air pollution didn’t last long, this brief period of improved air quality shows what’s possible if sources of air pollution are reduced or replaced by cleaner technologies like wind and solar power.What can I do to help?Even small, gradual changes in your daily life can save millions of lives as you take part in the global movement to clean our air. Make changes to your commute. Getting around town can be difficult without a car. But if you can, use alternative commuting options to limit the time you spend in your car. Carpool with friends, classmates or coworkers to reduce the number of cars on the road. Use public transportation, such as the bus or train, a few times a week to help lower levels of vehicle emissions significantly. Walk or bike to work to reduce not only vehicle emissions but also your risk of developing conditions like asthma, diabetes, and heart disease.25,26 Consider buying a hybrid or electric vehicle. These vehicles use gasoline fuel efficiently or not at all, greatly reducing emissions from combustion engine exhaust.27 Avoid burning solid fuels. Try alternatives to biomass fuels. For example, use a pellet stove or coconut shell charcoal, which releases fewer toxic pollutants.28 Use an exhaust hood when cooking. A stove hood that covers the entire cooking surface can limit indoor air pollution from smoke and gases. Use green cleaning chemicals. Avoid cleaners that contain toxic chemicals like formaldehyde. Protect yourself with a high-performance air purifier. The IQAir HealthPro Plus filters 99.97% of even the smallest ultrafine particles, such as those from vehicles and nearby factory exhaust, from your indoor air. The Atem Desk personal air purifier filters 99.5% of particles down to 0.003 microns from your personal breathing zone. With the Atem, you can breathe virtually pure air even when you’re surrounded by polluted air. Monitor your local air quality. Use an air quality monitor to keep track of your local air quality. AirVisual displays 72-hour historical and forecast data so that you can know when and why your air quality changes. Air quality data can help keep local polluters accountable by showing details of pollution’s health effects and impacts on local air quality. Get involved. Become familiar with local environmental justice groups and policymakers and how they represent your community’s air quality interests. Simply showing up at regular city council meetings can help you get in tune with your community air quality issues. There’s a lot of work to be done, and the cost of air pollution is high: in the world’s top five most populous cities, air pollution killed 98,300 people and cost $56.5 billion USD in the first half of 2020 alone in lives and economic activity lost.But around the world, communities are already experiencing the benefits of increased awareness and action about air pollution.You can start helping today. All you have to do is look around and begin to understand where your community fits into the portrait of global air pollution.","

Air pollution is a silent but deadly killer.

Around 70-75% of the global population breathes dangerously polluted air above the annual limit of 10 μg/m³ recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

And in 2017, a highly publicized Lancet commission on pollution and health painted a vivid portrait of global air quality.

According to the report, air pollution is one of the world’s most dangerous killers. Nearly 7 million early deaths per year are linked to air pollution alone.¹

But increasing research shows that previous estimates of numbers of deaths linked to air pollution may be understated.

A groundbreaking 2018 study from Health Canada used a novel data collection method called the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) to estimate that up to 8.8 million people may die every year from causes linked to particulate matter pollution.²

A groundbreaking 2018 study estimated that up to 8.8 million people die each year from air pollution.

This study also noted that up to 2.4 million of these deaths were specifically attributable to cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, concluding that air pollution was a leading cause of death worldwide.

In 2019, two alarming studies corroborated this estimate of deaths by air pollution.

A study in the European Heart Journal used the GEMM method to confirm the Canadian team’s figure of 8.8 million deaths, further breaking down their data to show that Europe bore the brunt of air pollution-related deaths.³

According to researchers, 269,000 out of the 2.4 million deaths caused by air pollution-related heart disease were documented in Europe alone.

Another study, this time from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), found that, even though air pollution levels in the United States dropped nearly 25% from 2009 to 2016, they rose again by over 5% between 2016 and 2018.⁴

This sudden increase from 2016 to 2018 is no accident. Much of this increase can be attributed to the change in presidential administrations in early 2017.

The Trump administration frequently claimed that it “made it a top priority to ensure America” has the cleanest air and water. However, his administration, including leadership at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was nonetheless responsible for frequent attempts to loosen pollution guidelines.

According to the official EPA Air Quality Index, the number of official Unhealthy Air Days during the Trump presidency increased in America.⁵

For context, the category of “Unhealthy Air Days” refers to days where the outdoor air quality is so poor that children, the elderly, and those with existing lung conditions are at much higher risk for exacerbated symptoms and premature deaths.

The Trump administration also authorized rollbacks on environmental protections established during the Obama administration, such as freezing vehicle emission standards and pulling out of the international Paris Agreement.^6,7

As a result, the U.S. had the seventh-highest number of pollution-related deaths in the world as of 2019.⁸

The U.S. had the 7th-highest number of air pollution deaths in the world as of 2019.

The Global Alliance on Health and Pollution estimates that 196,930 Americans lost their lives prematurely due to pollution in 2017 alone, over half of which were caused by outdoor air pollution.

What are the biggest sources of air pollution?

There are three main types of air pollution:

\nIndoor air pollution: This type of pollution can stem from indoor cooking, cleaning chemicals and even poor ventilation while using heating or air conditioning.⁹\n
\nAmbient fine-particulate pollution (PM_2.5): PM_2.5 particles come from many sources, including vehicle exhaust and factory emissions. They can get into your bloodstream and cause heart and lung conditions.¹⁰\n
\nTropospheric (ground-level) ozone: This dangerous type of ozone forms when heat interacts with chemicals in the lower atmosphere. It can trigger asthma symptoms and even permanently harm your lungs.¹¹\n

Relative wealth and poverty influence the sources of pollution in a community and how acutely they harm those communities.

Developed countries face dangerous pollution from industrialization. But many of these nations have the resources to make policy changes that improve air quality.

For example, the 1970 Clean Air Act in the United States helped decrease air pollution by 70% in a matter of decades.¹²

Wealth and poverty influence the sources of pollution in a community and how acutely they harm those communities.

But 92% of the worldwide air pollution-related deaths happen in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

These countries have far fewer resources to combat air pollution. Pollution-related human health impacts and increased death rates are also common among minority groups more likely to live in or near poor and polluted areas.^13,14,15

Pollution linked to poverty

Poor and developing areas suffer the worst air pollution.¹⁶

Nearly 3 billion people still rely on biomass fuels for light, heat, and cooking. These fuels, which include firewood and animal dung, are crucial for survival where electricity, gas, and oil aren’t available.

But biomass fuels contain dangerous particles and chemicals like sulfur and nitrogen and quickly build up indoors. This can cause damage to your lungs, trigger asthma and cause life-threatening breathing problems.

Many communities are also exposed to other dangerous pollutants:

\nCoal facilities near indigenous Adivasi communities in India have caused millions to leave their homes due to deadly pollution generated by power plants and coal burning.
\nLead, zinc, and coal mines near villages in South Africa and Peru cause lung conditions like silicosis because of airborne particles produced by mining.
\nOil and gas production near poor communities in Latin America have led to large-scale pollution in areas that don’t have the resources to regulate corporations or clean pollution left behind by production activities.
\nElectronic waste (E-waste) recycling creates toxic fumes from the burning of electronics for their raw minerals. Nearly 50 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2019.¹⁷ Many communities rely on these e-waste facilities for jobs and income, trapping them in a cycle of poverty and pollution.

Pollution linked to industrial development

Many industrialized regions aren’t as exposed to solid fuels and mining as poorer, developing regions are. But other types of pollutants have become rampant, including:

\nAmbient air pollution from vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and electricity production¹⁸\n
\nChemical pollution from agricultural pesticides and herbicides (also called “weed killers”)¹⁹\n

Ambient air pollution, especially PM_2.5 and ground-level ozone, has been linked to:

asthma
diabetes
birth defects
ADHD
autism
dementia
heart disease
COPD
cancer

Increasing concentrations of chemical pollution have been linked to endocrine disruption, which stunts growth and can cause cancer.

In developed countries, a majority of industrial air pollution is caused by just a small percentage of companies with gigantic carbon footprints.

A 2017 study by the non-profit CDP in partnership with the Climate Accountability Institute found that 70% of the world’s air pollution came from 100 companies who alone produced 923 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide, including:²⁰

energy companies that constantly burn fossil fuels, such as coal, to generate power, including investor-owned corporate giants like Saudi Aramco and Gazprom worth billions of dollars
car manufacturers with large-scale production of vehicles
massive factories and production facilities that require enormous amounts of power to operate

 70% of the world’s air pollution comes from just 100 companies.

Some cities in industrialized countries bear the worst of this pollution.

Mira Loma Village, a California city 50 miles east of Los Angeles, is surrounded by factory smoke, heavy vehicle traffic, and pollutants blown in from the coast and trapped by the surrounding San Gabriel mountains.

Children and adults living in this region of Southern California, known as the Inland Empire, experience lower lung capacity and higher rates of asthma and lung cancer.

The city of Bakersfield, located in California’s Central Valley, also faces pollution from pesticides, fertilizer, and several busy highways within the city limits.

Located in the center of California’s enormous agricultural industry, Bakersfield and other Central Valley cities, such as Fresno and Visalia, regularly outrank even notoriously polluted cities like Los Angeles, New York City and Beijing on lists of the world’s dirtiest cities.

What’s next for global air pollution?

Global deaths from air pollution will rise if nothing changes. Deaths could increase over 50% by 2050 due to PM2.5 pollution alone. Cities suffering from new, deadly combinations of air pollution regularly appear in the news.

In 2017, the Indian city of Delhi was named the most polluted city on Earth by numerous publications due to extreme levels of PM2.5.

Much of this pollution was caused by a mixture of pollution from sources old and new – smog from millions of cars, factories and construction sites coupled with large-scale biomass fuel burning in the surrounding regions.²¹

Global deaths from air pollution will rise if nothing changes. Deaths could increase over 50% by 2050 due to PM_2.5 pollution alone.

In the same year, the city of Lahore in Pakistan experienced a similar pollution crisis.

Massive amounts of biofuel smoke and largely unregulated factory emissions regularly result in smog so thick and toxic that it’s called a “fifth season.”

A 2015 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that air pollution killed 60,000 residents of Lahore that year, and pollution concentrations have only risen since.²²

But it’s not all bad news.

The Supreme Court of India has passed laws to protect Adivasi communities from polluted air caused by mining.^23,24

The Gyapa Stoves project has also addressed coal and biomass pollution in Accra, Ghana. Since 2008, this project has improved local air quality by nearly 50%.

And in 2020, COVID-19 ground global economies to a halt, creating a massive experiment in the possibilities of fighting air pollution.

Using AirVisual data from over 80,000 sensors, the IQAir COVID-19 Air Quality Report found that shutdowns resulting from the pandemic reduced air pollution in major cities like Delhi, Seoul, and Los Angeles by up to 60%.

This extreme reduction in air pollution was attributed to a huge drop in vehicle traffic, thousands of grounded flights, and reduced production capacities at factories, all of which are major contributors to global air pollution.

Though the reduction in global air pollution didn’t last long, this brief period of improved air quality shows what’s possible if sources of air pollution are reduced or replaced by cleaner technologies like wind and solar power.

What can I do to help?

Even small, gradual changes in your daily life can save millions of lives as you take part in the global movement to clean our air.

\nMake changes to your commute. Getting around town can be difficult without a car. But if you can, use alternative commuting options to limit the time you spend in your car.\n\n\n\n\t
- \nCarpool with friends, classmates or coworkers to reduce the number of cars on the road.
- \nUse public transportation, such as the bus or train, a few times a week to help lower levels of vehicle emissions significantly.
- \nWalk or bike to work to reduce not only vehicle emissions but also your risk of developing conditions like asthma, diabetes, and heart disease.^25,26\n
- \nConsider buying a hybrid or electric vehicle. These vehicles use gasoline fuel efficiently or not at all, greatly reducing emissions from combustion engine exhaust.²⁷\n
\n\n\t
\nAvoid burning solid fuels. Try alternatives to biomass fuels. For example, use a pellet stove or coconut shell charcoal, which releases fewer toxic pollutants.²⁸\n
\nUse an exhaust hood when cooking. A stove hood that covers the entire cooking surface can limit indoor air pollution from smoke and gases.
\nUse green cleaning chemicals. Avoid cleaners that contain toxic chemicals like formaldehyde.
\nProtect yourself with a high-performance air purifier.
The IQAir HealthPro Plus filters 99.97% of even the smallest ultrafine particles, such as those from vehicles and nearby factory exhaust, from your indoor air.
The Atem Desk personal air purifier filters 99.5% of particles down to 0.003 microns from your personal breathing zone. With the Atem, you can breathe virtually pure air even when you’re surrounded by polluted air.
\nMonitor your local air quality. Use an air quality monitor to keep track of your local air quality. AirVisual displays 72-hour historical and forecast data so that you can know when and why your air quality changes. Air quality data can help keep local polluters accountable by showing details of pollution’s health effects and impacts on local air quality.
\nGet involved. Become familiar with local environmental justice groups and policymakers and how they represent your community’s air quality interests. Simply showing up at regular city council meetings can help you get in tune with your community air quality issues.

There’s a lot of work to be done, and the cost of air pollution is high: in the world’s top five most populous cities, air pollution killed 98,300 people and cost $56.5 billion USD in the first half of 2020 alone in lives and economic activity lost.

But around the world, communities are already experiencing the benefits of increased awareness and action about air pollution.

You can start helping today. All you have to do is look around and begin to understand where your community fits into the portrait of global air pollution.

","are-deaths-by-air-pollution-rising-globally","gid://shopify/Article/564863008846","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/are-deaths-by-air-pollution-rising-globally","2022-01-08T19:07:29Z",[1169,705],"Are deaths by air pollution rising globally?",{"_10":1304,"_202":1302,"_205":1305,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269204815950","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Deaths_Desktop_b_9c2c6853-dbe1-4d42-bb65-c340dd3da191.jpg?v=1749031956",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1307,"_1139":1308,"_1154":1309,"_1156":1309,"_1157":1310,"_1159":1311,"_1008":1312,"_10":1313,"_1163":1314,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1315,"_635":1316,"_599":1317,"_1171":1318},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Two years after 32 people sued the Indonesian government over poor air quality, the verdict is in – learn more.","More than two years after Indonesian citizens filed a lawsuit to improve their air quality, the Central Jakarta District Court has found President Joko Widodo and members of his government guilty of negligence for not doing enough to counter air pollution in and around the city.1,2President Joko Widodo and members of his government were found guilty of negligence for not doing enough to counter air pollution in and around Jakarta.The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta and its surrounding communities of Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, South Tangerang, and Tangerang share a population of over 30 million people. Air pollution levels in the region routinely exceed the World Health Organization’s recommended PM2.5 annual mean of 10 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3).Bondan Andriyanu, an Indonesian climate and energy campaigner with Greenpeace Southeast Asia, expressed his appreciation for the judges’ decision in the lawsuit. \"It proves that the defendants, from the president to the governor of Jakarta, committed an unlawful act.\"The long-delayed verdict was expected May 20, 2021 but was postponed eight times until the court reached a verdict on September 16.Facts of the caseIn July 2019, 32 litigants and their advocacy team comprising the Clean Air Initiative Coalition sued the Indonesian government to hold leaders accountable for the city’s poor air quality. Jakarta frequently reaches levels of air quality that measure in the “hazardous” range on the air quality index. Hazardous AQI levels are over 301, or concentrations of PM2.5 greater than 250.5 μg/m3.Jakarta frequently reaches levels of air quality that measure in the “hazardous” range on the air quality index.Indonesia was the 9thmost polluted country in 2020 with a mean annual PM2.5 concentration of 40.7 μg/m3. South Tangerang ranked 25th among the most polluted cities in the world.Apart from President Widodo, the suit also named the three Ministers of the Environment and Forestry, Health, and Home Affairs, Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, Banten Governor Wahidin Halim, and West Java Governor Ridwan Kamil.The court attributed the delays to the judges and clerks contracting COVID-19 and to the large number of documents requiring review. The plaintiff’s legal counsel filed a letter with Indonesia’s Judicial Commission and the Supervisory Body of the Supreme Court, alleging that the delays were a potential violation of the judicial code of ethics.3Pollutant health implicationsJakarta’s primary air pollutants are PM2.5 and ultrafine particles. The deadliest of airborne pollutants, ultrafine particles are PM measured at less than .1 micron in diameter. Ultrafine particles are so tiny that they can enter the bloodstream after being inhaled and harm all bodily organs.A 2020 review article in Experimental & Molecular Medicine noted a number of health hazards from exposure to ultrafine particles, including:4 induced cough worsened asthma pulmonary and systemic inflammation cardiac disease hypertension metal fume fever Diabetes cancer low birthweight Khalisah Khalid sued because her young son’s health had been impacted by the city’s pollution, resulting in frequent nosebleeds and allergies.A plaintiff in the case, Khalisah Khalid, filed suit because her young son’s health had been impacted by the city’s pollution, resulting in frequent nosebleeds and allergies.5Air pollution sourcesJakarta’s biggest sources of pollution are a result of rapid urban growth, including vehicle traffic, industrial emissions, and coal-fired power plants. These emissions cause 5.5 million illnesses annually, according to Governor Anies Baswedan.6According to the 2020 world air quality report, lockdowns implemented to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus reduced air pollution from industrial and traffic sources globally in 2020. Jakarta closed offices, schools, and places of worship from April 10 through June 5, 2020. These restrictions reduced PM2.5 output by 12.8 percent in April and 31.7 percent in May as compared to 2019. Even with the reduction in traffic pollution, Jakarta’s air quality was still poor due to the city’s heavy dependence on nearby coal-fired power plants.Like many countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesian farmers typically burn waste materials on croplands as a cheap method of clearing the land for future plantings.Additionally, as rainforests are destroyed to make room for more agricultural use including palm oil, wet peat land becomes drier and more susceptible to fires. Peat fires are hard to put out and emit some of the worst pollutants.7Smoke from crop fires and wildfires can contribute to poor air quality for many miles from their source.Next stepsIndonesia’s government has a stated goal of moving from non-renewable, polluting sources of energy towards renewable energy and carbon neutrality by 2060.8 The country plans to derive 23 percent of its energy from renewable resources by 2025. To make this happen, the country’s state utility, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), will gradually retire its coal-fired power plants, shuttering the first three by 2030.Pollution is so bad in Jakarta that it is one of several contributing factors in President Widodo’s push to relocate the government to an as-yet unbuilt city in Kalimantan on the eastern coastline of the island of Borneo.9 The relocation is estimated to result in moving 1.5 million civil servants out of Jakarta.It is unclear what specific steps the government will take in response to the court verdict.But it is unclear what specific steps the government will take in response to the court verdict. The president’s spokesperson, Fadjroel Rhaman, said that further action would be the responsibility of the environment minister, though he didn’t state what that action might be.10 The Jakarta governor’s office indicated that they were reviewing the decision.The court has instructed the government to improve the national air quality standard and found that provincial governments must conduct emission checks on vehicles in Jakarta and conduct outdoor air quality tests. The court stipulated that this gathered air quality information must be made available to the public.Andriyanu noted that the lawsuit didn’t request compensation – only that “the defendants carry out their duties and obligations to protect their citizens from the dangers of air pollution.”\"This is a victory that we need to celebrate together. We are one step ahead in providing clean air for our children and grandchildren in the future.\"The takeawayWhile hazardous air quality is a major health concern, poor air quality doesn’t have to be hazardous to be a health threat. No amount of air pollution is safe for human beings.It’s essential that leaders everywhere take bolder steps to make sure that everyone has access to clean, healthy air.It’s essential that leaders everywhere take bolder steps to ensure everyone has access to clean, healthy air. As the people of Jakarta demonstrated, citizen activists can make a difference by holding leaders to account when necessary.Officials can improve public health by taking several steps to immediately help improve air quality, both in Jakarta and throughout Indonesia. incentivize reduced vehicle use and the purchase of energy-efficient vehicles incentivize alternatives to crop burning, while maintaining pressure on enforcement fast track development of carbon-neutral energy sources monitor air quality in the most at-risk and impacted neighborhoods and take steps to reduce nearby emission sources","

More than two years after Indonesian citizens filed a lawsuit to improve their air quality, the Central Jakarta District Court has found President Joko Widodo and members of his government guilty of negligence for not doing enough to counter air pollution in and around the city.^1,2

President Joko Widodo and members of his government were found guilty of negligence for not doing enough to counter air pollution in and around Jakarta.

The capital of Indonesia, Jakarta and its surrounding communities of Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, South Tangerang, and Tangerang share a population of over 30 million people. Air pollution levels in the region routinely exceed the World Health Organization’s recommended PM2.5 annual mean of 10 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³).

Bondan Andriyanu, an Indonesian climate and energy campaigner with Greenpeace Southeast Asia, expressed his appreciation for the judges’ decision in the lawsuit. \"It proves that the defendants, from the president to the governor of Jakarta, committed an unlawful act.\"

The long-delayed verdict was expected May 20, 2021 but was postponed eight times until the court reached a verdict on September 16.

Facts of the case

In July 2019, 32 litigants and their advocacy team comprising the Clean Air Initiative Coalition sued the Indonesian government to hold leaders accountable for the city’s poor air quality. Jakarta frequently reaches levels of air quality that measure in the “hazardous” range on the air quality index. Hazardous AQI levels are over 301, or concentrations of PM2.5 greater than 250.5 μg/m³.

Jakarta frequently reaches levels of air quality that measure in the “hazardous” range on the air quality index.

Indonesia was the 9^thmost polluted country in 2020 with a mean annual PM2.5 concentration of 40.7 μg/m³. South Tangerang ranked 25^th among the most polluted cities in the world.

Apart from President Widodo, the suit also named the three Ministers of the Environment and Forestry, Health, and Home Affairs, Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, Banten Governor Wahidin Halim, and West Java Governor Ridwan Kamil.

The court attributed the delays to the judges and clerks contracting COVID-19 and to the large number of documents requiring review. The plaintiff’s legal counsel filed a letter with Indonesia’s Judicial Commission and the Supervisory Body of the Supreme Court, alleging that the delays were a potential violation of the judicial code of ethics.³

Pollutant health implications

Jakarta’s primary air pollutants are PM2.5 and ultrafine particles. The deadliest of airborne pollutants, ultrafine particles are PM measured at less than .1 micron in diameter. Ultrafine particles are so tiny that they can enter the bloodstream after being inhaled and harm all bodily organs.

A 2020 review article in Experimental & Molecular Medicine noted a number of health hazards from exposure to ultrafine particles, including:⁴

induced cough
worsened asthma
pulmonary and systemic inflammation
cardiac disease
hypertension
metal fume fever
Diabetes
cancer
low birthweight

Khalisah Khalid sued because her young son’s health had been impacted by the city’s pollution, resulting in frequent nosebleeds and allergies.

A plaintiff in the case, Khalisah Khalid, filed suit because her young son’s health had been impacted by the city’s pollution, resulting in frequent nosebleeds and allergies.⁵

Air pollution sources

Jakarta’s biggest sources of pollution are a result of rapid urban growth, including vehicle traffic, industrial emissions, and coal-fired power plants. These emissions cause 5.5 million illnesses annually, according to Governor Anies Baswedan.⁶

According to the 2020 world air quality report, lockdowns implemented to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus reduced air pollution from industrial and traffic sources globally in 2020. Jakarta closed offices, schools, and places of worship from April 10 through June 5, 2020. These restrictions reduced PM2.5 output by 12.8 percent in April and 31.7 percent in May as compared to 2019.
\n\n
\n\nEven with the reduction in traffic pollution, Jakarta’s air quality was still poor due to the city’s heavy dependence on nearby coal-fired power plants.

Like many countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesian farmers typically burn waste materials on croplands as a cheap method of clearing the land for future plantings.

Additionally, as rainforests are destroyed to make room for more agricultural use including palm oil, wet peat land becomes drier and more susceptible to fires. Peat fires are hard to put out and emit some of the worst pollutants.⁷

Smoke from crop fires and wildfires can contribute to poor air quality for many miles from their source.

Next steps

Indonesia’s government has a stated goal of moving from non-renewable, polluting sources of energy towards renewable energy and carbon neutrality by 2060.⁸ The country plans to derive 23 percent of its energy from renewable resources by 2025. To make this happen, the country’s state utility, Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), will gradually retire its coal-fired power plants, shuttering the first three by 2030.

Pollution is so bad in Jakarta that it is one of several contributing factors in President Widodo’s push to relocate the government to an as-yet unbuilt city in Kalimantan on the eastern coastline of the island of Borneo.⁹ The relocation is estimated to result in moving 1.5 million civil servants out of Jakarta.

It is unclear what specific steps the government will take in response to the court verdict.

But it is unclear what specific steps the government will take in response to the court verdict. The president’s spokesperson, Fadjroel Rhaman, said that further action would be the responsibility of the environment minister, though he didn’t state what that action might be.¹⁰The Jakarta governor’s office indicated that they were reviewing the decision.

The court has instructed the government to improve the national air quality standard and found that provincial governments must conduct emission checks on vehicles in Jakarta and conduct outdoor air quality tests. The court stipulated that this gathered air quality information must be made available to the public.

Andriyanu noted that the lawsuit didn’t request compensation – only that “the defendants carry out their duties and obligations to protect their citizens from the dangers of air pollution.”

\"This is a victory that we need to celebrate together. We are one step ahead in providing clean air for our children and grandchildren in the future.\"

The takeaway

While hazardous air quality is a major health concern, poor air quality doesn’t have to be hazardous to be a health threat. No amount of air pollution is safe for human beings.

It’s essential that leaders everywhere take bolder steps to make sure that everyone has access to clean, healthy air.

It’s essential that leaders everywhere take bolder steps to ensure everyone has access to clean, healthy air. As the people of Jakarta demonstrated, citizen activists can make a difference by holding leaders to account when necessary.

Officials can improve public health by taking several steps to immediately help improve air quality, both in Jakarta and throughout Indonesia.

incentivize reduced vehicle use and the purchase of energy-efficient vehicles
incentivize alternatives to crop burning, while maintaining pressure on enforcement
fast track development of carbon-neutral energy sources
\nmonitor air quality in the most at-risk and impacted neighborhoods and take steps to reduce nearby emission sources

","2021-decision-jakarta-air-pollution-lawsuit","gid://shopify/Article/564855013454","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/2021-decision-jakarta-air-pollution-lawsuit","2021-09-16T21:13:59Z",[1169,705],"Indonesian court finds president negligent in air quality suit",{"_10":1319,"_202":1320,"_205":1321,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269490454606","Jakarta pollution","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/JakartaBR_Desktop_37fa1d27-daca-4ba3-80c5-83ead1f03683.jpg?v=1751626736",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1323,"_1139":1324,"_1154":1325,"_1156":1325,"_1157":1326,"_1159":1327,"_1008":1328,"_10":1329,"_1163":1330,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1331,"_635":1332,"_599":1333,"_1171":1334},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Read our analysis of air quality data from Thailand’s 2021 burning season as compared to years past.","In 2020, it was estimated that the average Thai resident was exposed to an annual PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter size of 2.5 microns or smaller) concentration of 21.4 μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter), nearly two times the World Health Organization (WHO) target of 10 μg/m3. For a few months each year, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand’s tourist-friendly cultural hotspot, ranks among the world’s most polluted cities. Chiang Mai’s air pollution is largely attributable to agricultural burning rather than fossil-fuel-related combustion experienced in other global cities. Chiang Mai’s air pollution is largely attributable to agricultural burning rather than fossil-fuel-related combustion. Agricultural burning, also called open burning or “burning season,” is the practice of setting fire to cultivated fields to clear the land in preparation for the next crop cycle. In northern Thailand, agricultural burning practices are mostly used on sugarcane, rice, and maize crop fields between December and April.1 The concurrence of burning season and Thailand’s driest, coldest months can result in extremely poor regional air quality, as this weather creates favorable conditions for particle pollution to accumulate and linger. Often, smoke from Thailand’s agricultural burns persists until Songkran, the Thai new year. Around this time, the impending rainy season helps clear the skies and tamp down polluted air. Air quality during Thailand’s burning season commonly reaches and remains at levels considered “unhealthy” by the WHO and the air quality index (AQI) defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In Chiang Mai, the deterioration in air quality is often plainly visible. Brown smoke from crop-burning can frequently obstruct sunlight and views from Doi Suthep, a mountain that’s the site of a centuries-old Buddhist template. This analysis examines the impact of agricultural burning on Chiang Mai air quality over a five-year period, evaluating the effectiveness of the Ministry of Agriculture’s ban on crop burning and proposing what more could be done to reduce dangerous PM2.5 levels. The importance of PM2.5 Of all the pollutants emitted from agricultural burning, PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less, is widely regarded as the most dangerous. Average PM2.5 pollution levels during the agricultural burning period are often three to five times higher than the WHO’s 10 microgram per cubic meter (μg/m3) standard for annual PM2.5 exposure, with concentration levels during some hours climbing as high as 400 μg/m3.2 Average PM2.5 pollution levels in Chiang Mai during agricultural burning can climb as high as 400 μg/m3. Due to its small size, PM2.5 can penetrate deep into the human respiratory system and into the bloodstream, causing far-reaching health impacts. PM2.5 originating from agricultural burning includes: smoke black carbon (soot) chemicals dust dirt Epidemiological studies have linked exposure to PM2.5 to detrimental health effects, including:3 asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) respiratory infections stroke heart attack death PM2.5 pollution standards The following analysis uses the US EPA air quality index (AQI) to correlate PM2.5 concentration values to a widely accepted standard for health risk, supplemented by the WHO annual mean exposure threshold of 10 μg/m3. Thailand has its own standard for acceptable air quality, recommending that PM2.5 levels not exceed 50 μg/m3 on a 24-hour basis. 50 μg/m3 closely correlates to the US EPA “unhealthy” limit of 55.4 μg/m3.4 To compare air quality levels using this standard, PM2.5 levels color-coded green, yellow, and orange (0-150) are deemed acceptable, while levels color-coded red, purple, and maroon (151-301+) are not (see Figure 1 for a visualization of the US AQI standard). Figure 1: US AQI levels from 0-301+, equivalent PM2.5 standards by μg/m³, and health recommendations for each level. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/1747_AQLChart_US_v3_WEB_210521b.jpg\"> Methodology This analysis examines PM2.5 levels reported by ground-level monitoring stations in Chiang Mai, Thailand across three months (January, February, and March) during 2021. This data is compared to the same time period in 2020, 2019, 2018, and 2017. A three-month time period was selected for the agricultural burning season in Thailand because the actual start and end dates vary each year based on weather conditions and other variables. Comparing the same time period for each year helps reduce the influence of changes in weathers that might affect measured PM2.5 levels. Data was collected from 37 public PM2.5 sensors aggregated on the IQAir platform. Two are operated by the Thailand Pollution Control Department, part of the Thai government. All others represent validated non-governmental air quality monitors. Findings Per the three-month average during the open burning season, Chiang Mai experienced less PM2.5 pollution in 2021 than in 2020 and 2019, but higher PM2.5 concentrations compared to 2018 and 2017. During all 5 years, PM2.5 concentrations were recorded at dangerously unhealthy levels. In 2021, the city experienced average monthly PM2.5 concentrations drastically above the WHO’s 10 μg/m3 target (see Figure 2): January: 42.5 μg/m3 February: 47.7 μg/m3 March: 83.3 μg/m3 Figure 2: Average annual and monthly PM2.5 concentrations, color-coded by US Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Figure2-ChiangMai-monthly-averages.jpg\"> From 2017-2021, March was the most polluted month, with average PM2.5 concentrations frequently double that of the other months in the three-month monitoring period. Only 1.5 percent of hours met the US AQI “good” standard Over the three-month monitoring period in 2021, only 1.5 percent of hours averaged PM2.5 concentrations below 12.0 μg/m3, the US AQI standard for “good.” By comparison, this threshold was met by: 0.7 percent of hours in 2020 2.6 percent of hours in 2019 2.0 percent of hours in 2018 1.2 percent of hours in 2017 More hours in 2021 had levels deemed “unhealthy for sensitive groups” or worse than any other year examined (see Figure 3). Even though the frequency of “good” air quality was up from 2020, so too were average PM2.5 concentrations above 35.4 μg/m3. Figure 3: Chiang Mai’s distribution of hourly PM2.5 concentrations from January 1 - March 31, shown as US Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Figure3-ChiangMai-percent-horus.png\"> Burning season is beginning earlier Trends indicate an increasingly earlier start in agricultural burning that may be the result of: climate change, which has pushed agricultural workers to start the season earlier to avoid droughts government bans on crop burning during January and February Average PM2.5 concentrations during December and January of 2021 and 2020 were double that of the same months in 2017, 2018, and 2019 (see Figure 4 for PM2.5 levels during each month as divided by daily PM2.5 concentrations). Figure 4: Daily PM2.5 levels in Chiang Mai from 2017-2021, indicated by US AQI color. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Figure4-ChiangMai-calander-year.jpg\"> Why do farmers participate in open burning? Open burning practices are illegal in Thailand. Farmers, however, often have little recourse to find alternatives given their financial situation. Hiring workers to cut stalks and collect leaves manually can delay sowing of the next crop cycle and raise the total cost of cultivation by 30 to 40 percent. Hiring workers to cut stalks and collect leaves manually can delay sowing of the next crop cycle and raise the total cost of cultivation by 30 to 40 percent. Mechanized harvesting provides an alternative, but it is often prohibitively costly and typically used less than 10% of the time.5 Farmers fear that costly solutions could threaten their market share, reduce demand, and endanger their livelihood. Many farmers are also indebted to large agribusinesses and suffer from falling prices and diminished yields. This can make the transition to more laborious methods or more expensive technology unfeasible. In order to navigate around the burn ban imposed in 2020, many farmers have resorted to burning their fields at night when smoke sources are less likely to be detected. Many farmers are indebted to large agribusiness and suffer from falling prices and diminished yields. This can make the transition to more laborious methods or more expensive technology unfeasible. What is being done to curtail agricultural burning? The government, while banning the practice on a federal level, does not provide any resources to ease the transition to cleaner alternatives. No money, machinery, or labor is offered to farmers to promote compliance. Some federal organizations have taken measures to begin helping farmers make the transition from agricultural burning to more healthy, sustainable methods of preparing for the next season. In 2021, the Department of Agricultural Extension campaigned in Northern Thailand to demonstrate environment-friendly ways to handle farm waste. It is yet to be seen whether these efforts will have an observable impact on air pollution levels in the region. When agricultural smoke becomes particularly severe, the Thai armed forces are sometimes employed by the Thai government to put out the fires. Cloud seeding, a type of weather modification that changes a cloud's structure to increase the chance of precipitation, is also used under the discretion of the Royal Rainmaking Project. The rain spawned from cloud seeding can help to tamp down smoke and clear the skies, although the long-term climate impact of this practice has yet to be determined. Despite government efforts to reduce the concentration of airborne particulates, air pollution continues to pose a significant health threat to residents in Thailand and beyond, as smoke from crop burning can travel for thousands of miles into neighboring countries. Despite government efforts to reduce airborne particulates, air pollution continues to pose a significant health threat to residents in Thailand and beyond, as smoke from crop burning can travel for thousands of miles into neighbouring countries. Other solutions for effectively combating crop burning may include: government subsidies government-provided mechanized harvesters diversification of crops breaking up large agribusinesses to allow farmers to earn more and gain more control over their farms Summary While average PM2.5 concentrations were down from 2020 (a record burning season) to 2021, they were roughly in line with 2019 and nearly 20 percent higher than 2018 and 2017. The 2021 season also had the most hours with PM2.5 concentrations over 35.4 μg/m3 (“unhealthy for sensitive groups” or worse), placing children, elderly, and people with pre-existing heart and lung disease at a higher risk than previous years. Farmers in northern Thailand often resort to crop burning as a means for clearing land of residue, pests, and weeds. While this practice allows farmers to turn over fields quickly with fewer resources, it is costly for public health and the environment. A review of PM2.5 concentration data over the last 5 years fails to show a drastic change in the 2021 season from years past despite increasing public knowledge about the air quality impacts of crop burning. To achieve safe air quality, a more committed and multifaceted approach is required.","

In 2020, it was estimated that the average Thai resident was exposed to an annual PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter size of 2.5 microns or smaller) concentration of 21.4 μg/m³ (micrograms per cubic meter), nearly two times the World Health Organization (WHO) target of 10 μg/m³.

For a few months each year, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand’s tourist-friendly cultural hotspot, ranks among the world’s most polluted cities. Chiang Mai’s air pollution is largely attributable to agricultural burning rather than fossil-fuel-related combustion experienced in other global cities.

Chiang Mai’s air pollution is largely attributable to agricultural burning rather than fossil-fuel-related combustion.

Agricultural burning, also called open burning or “burning season,” is the practice of setting fire to cultivated fields to clear the land in preparation for the next crop cycle. In northern Thailand, agricultural burning practices are mostly used on sugarcane, rice, and maize crop fields between December and April.¹

The concurrence of burning season and Thailand’s driest, coldest months can result in extremely poor regional air quality, as this weather creates favorable conditions for particle pollution to accumulate and linger. Often, smoke from Thailand’s agricultural burns persists until Songkran, the Thai new year. Around this time, the impending rainy season helps clear the skies and tamp down polluted air.

Air quality during Thailand’s burning season commonly reaches and remains at levels considered “unhealthy” by the WHO and the air quality index (AQI) defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In Chiang Mai, the deterioration in air quality is often plainly visible. Brown smoke from crop-burning can frequently obstruct sunlight and views from Doi Suthep, a mountain that’s the site of a centuries-old Buddhist template.

This analysis examines the impact of agricultural burning on Chiang Mai air quality over a five-year period, evaluating the effectiveness of the Ministry of Agriculture’s ban on crop burning and proposing what more could be done to reduce dangerous PM2.5 levels.

The importance of PM2.5

Of all the pollutants emitted from agricultural burning, PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less, is widely regarded as the most dangerous.

Average PM2.5 pollution levels during the agricultural burning period are often three to five times higher than the WHO’s 10 microgram per cubic meter (μg/m³) standard for annual PM2.5 exposure, with concentration levels during some hours climbing as high as 400 μg/m³.²

Average PM2.5 pollution levels in Chiang Mai during agricultural burning can climb as high as 400 μg/m³.

Due to its small size, PM2.5 can penetrate deep into the human respiratory system and into the bloodstream, causing far-reaching health impacts. PM2.5 originating from agricultural burning includes:

smoke
black carbon (soot)
chemicals
dust
dirt

Epidemiological studies have linked exposure to PM2.5 to detrimental health effects, including:³

asthma
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
respiratory infections
stroke
heart attack
death

PM2.5 pollution standards

The following analysis uses the US EPA air quality index (AQI) to correlate PM2.5 concentration values to a widely accepted standard for health risk, supplemented by the WHO annual mean exposure threshold of 10 μg/m³.

Thailand has its own standard for acceptable air quality, recommending that PM2.5 levels not exceed 50 μg/m³ on a 24-hour basis. 50 μg/m³ closely correlates to the US EPA “unhealthy” limit of 55.4 μg/m³.⁴

To compare air quality levels using this standard, PM2.5 levels color-coded green, yellow, and orange (0-150) are deemed acceptable, while levels color-coded red, purple, and maroon (151-301+) are not (see Figure 1 for a visualization of the US AQI standard).

$\"AQI$ Figure 1: US AQI levels from 0-301+, equivalent PM2.5 standards by μg/m³, and health recommendations for each level. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/1747_AQLChart_US_v3_WEB_210521b.jpg\">

Methodology

This analysis examines PM2.5 levels reported by ground-level monitoring stations in Chiang Mai, Thailand across three months (January, February, and March) during 2021. This data is compared to the same time period in 2020, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

A three-month time period was selected for the agricultural burning season in Thailand because the actual start and end dates vary each year based on weather conditions and other variables. Comparing the same time period for each year helps reduce the influence of changes in weathers that might affect measured PM2.5 levels.

Data was collected from 37 public PM2.5 sensors aggregated on the IQAir platform. Two are operated by the Thailand Pollution Control Department, part of the Thai government. All others represent validated non-governmental air quality monitors.

Findings

Per the three-month average during the open burning season, Chiang Mai experienced less PM2.5 pollution in 2021 than in 2020 and 2019, but higher PM2.5 concentrations compared to 2018 and 2017. During all 5 years, PM2.5 concentrations were recorded at dangerously unhealthy levels.

In 2021, the city experienced average monthly PM2.5 concentrations drastically above the WHO’s 10 μg/m³ target (see Figure 2):

\nJanuary: 42.5 μg/m³\n
\nFebruary: 47.7 μg/m³\n
\nMarch: 83.3 μg/m³\n

$\"Chiang$ Figure 2: Average annual and monthly PM2.5 concentrations, color-coded by US Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Figure2-ChiangMai-monthly-averages.jpg\">

From 2017-2021, March was the most polluted month, with average PM2.5 concentrations frequently double that of the other months in the three-month monitoring period.

Only 1.5 percent of hours met the US AQI “good” standard

Over the three-month monitoring period in 2021, only 1.5 percent of hours averaged PM2.5 concentrations below 12.0 μg/m³, the US AQI standard for “good.”

By comparison, this threshold was met by:

0.7 percent of hours in 2020
2.6 percent of hours in 2019
2.0 percent of hours in 2018
1.2 percent of hours in 2017

More hours in 2021 had levels deemed “unhealthy for sensitive groups” or worse than any other year examined (see Figure 3). Even though the frequency of “good” air quality was up from 2020, so too were average PM2.5 concentrations above 35.4 μg/m³.

$\"Chiang$ Figure 3: Chiang Mai’s distribution of hourly PM2.5 concentrations from January 1 - March 31, shown as US Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Figure3-ChiangMai-percent-horus.png\">

Burning season is beginning earlier

Trends indicate an increasingly earlier start in agricultural burning that may be the result of:

\nclimate change, which has pushed agricultural workers to start the season earlier to avoid droughts
\ngovernment bans on crop burning during January and February

Average PM2.5 concentrations during December and January of 2021 and 2020 were double that of the same months in 2017, 2018, and 2019 (see Figure 4 for PM2.5 levels during each month as divided by daily PM2.5 concentrations).

$\"Figure$ Figure 4: Daily PM2.5 levels in Chiang Mai from 2017-2021, indicated by US AQI color. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Figure4-ChiangMai-calander-year.jpg\">

Why do farmers participate in open burning?

Open burning practices are illegal in Thailand. Farmers, however, often have little recourse to find alternatives given their financial situation. Hiring workers to cut stalks and collect leaves manually can delay sowing of the next crop cycle and raise the total cost of cultivation by 30 to 40 percent.

Hiring workers to cut stalks and collect leaves manually can delay sowing of the next crop cycle and raise the total cost of cultivation by 30 to 40 percent.

Mechanized harvesting provides an alternative, but it is often prohibitively costly and typically used less than 10% of the time.⁵ Farmers fear that costly solutions could threaten their market share, reduce demand, and endanger their livelihood.

Many farmers are also indebted to large agribusinesses and suffer from falling prices and diminished yields. This can make the transition to more laborious methods or more expensive technology unfeasible. In order to navigate around the burn ban imposed in 2020, many farmers have resorted to burning their fields at night when smoke sources are less likely to be detected.

Many farmers are indebted to large agribusiness and suffer from falling prices and diminished yields. This can make the transition to more laborious methods or more expensive technology unfeasible.

What is being done to curtail agricultural burning?

The government, while banning the practice on a federal level, does not provide any resources to ease the transition to cleaner alternatives. No money, machinery, or labor is offered to farmers to promote compliance.

Some federal organizations have taken measures to begin helping farmers make the transition from agricultural burning to more healthy, sustainable methods of preparing for the next season.

In 2021, the Department of Agricultural Extension campaigned in Northern Thailand to demonstrate environment-friendly ways to handle farm waste. It is yet to be seen whether these efforts will have an observable impact on air pollution levels in the region.

When agricultural smoke becomes particularly severe, the Thai armed forces are sometimes employed by the Thai government to put out the fires.

Cloud seeding, a type of weather modification that changes a cloud's structure to increase the chance of precipitation, is also used under the discretion of the Royal Rainmaking Project. The rain spawned from cloud seeding can help to tamp down smoke and clear the skies, although the long-term climate impact of this practice has yet to be determined.

Despite government efforts to reduce the concentration of airborne particulates, air pollution continues to pose a significant health threat to residents in Thailand and beyond, as smoke from crop burning can travel for thousands of miles into neighboring countries.

Despite government efforts to reduce airborne particulates, air pollution continues to pose a significant health threat to residents in Thailand and beyond, as smoke from crop burning can travel for thousands of miles into neighbouring countries.

Other solutions for effectively combating crop burning may include:

government subsidies
government-provided mechanized harvesters
diversification of crops
breaking up large agribusinesses to allow farmers to earn more and gain more control over their farms

Summary

While average PM2.5 concentrations were down from 2020 (a record burning season) to 2021, they were roughly in line with 2019 and nearly 20 percent higher than 2018 and 2017.

The 2021 season also had the most hours with PM2.5 concentrations over 35.4 μg/m³ (“unhealthy for sensitive groups” or worse), placing children, elderly, and people with pre-existing heart and lung disease at a higher risk than previous years.

Farmers in northern Thailand often resort to crop burning as a means for clearing land of residue, pests, and weeds. While this practice allows farmers to turn over fields quickly with fewer resources, it is costly for public health and the environment.

A review of PM2.5 concentration data over the last 5 years fails to show a drastic change in the 2021 season from years past despite increasing public knowledge about the air quality impacts of crop burning. To achieve safe air quality, a more committed and multifaceted approach is required.

","thailand-2021-burning-season","gid://shopify/Article/564854456398","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/thailand-2021-burning-season","2021-05-17T06:00:00Z",[1169,705],"New data exposes Thailand’s 2021 “burning season”",{"_10":1335,"_202":1336,"_205":1337,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269689552974","Sugarcane burned by farmer for pre-harvest in Thailand","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/ThailandBurning_Desktop_09da7689-2660-48f1-a22f-49f0ae8cc7bd.jpg?v=1753353575",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1339,"_1139":1340,"_1154":1341,"_1156":1341,"_1157":1342,"_1159":1343,"_1008":1344,"_10":1345,"_1163":1346,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1347,"_635":1348,"_599":1349,"_1171":1350},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Discover the reasons behind Dhaka’s elevated air pollution in early 2021.","In 2020, Dhaka, Bangladesh ranked as the second most polluted capital city globally. Its nearly 22 million residents were exposed to an annual average PM2.5 concentration of 77.1 μg/m3, more than 7 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) annual mean target for safer air at 10 μg/m3.Dhaka’s chronically polluted skies are a major public health concern. The WHO estimates that outdoor air pollution kills an estimated 108,000 Bangladesh residents every year, while countless others suffer morbidities associated with long-term exposure.1The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a renewed focus on the health impacts of PM2.5 pollution. A respiratory illness, COVID-19 disproportionately affects populations exposed to long-term air pollution.2 In South Asia, an estimated 15 percent of COVID-19 deaths are attributed to air pollution exposure.COVID-19 disproportionately affects populations exposed to long-term air pollution. In South Asia, an estimated 15% of COVID-19 deaths are attributed to chronic pollution exposure.By some measures, the early months of 2021 have been the most polluted on record. At the same time, Dhaka has suffered its highest number of COVID-19 deaths since the pandemic began, despite vaccination rollout across the country.3This analysis examines the reasons behind Dhaka's relatively high wintertime pollution levels and presents the status of air quality in the capital during the early months of 2021, including its peak as the most polluted city in the world (see Figure 1). The consequences of this record-breaking air pollution will likely play out during the rest of the year and beyond.Figure 1: On April 23rd, 2021 Dhaka topped the Most Polluted Cities ranking. Source: IQAir' src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dhaka-most-pollution.png\">Importance of PM2.5PM2.5, or particulate matter measuring 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller, describes a mixture of microscopic solid and liquid particles, including: smoke or soot dust dirt wind-blown salt chemicals pathogens PM2.5 is frequently regarded as the most dangerous air pollutant to human health. Due to its microscopic size, it is able to penetrate deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream. Once transported in the blood, PM2.5 can affect a number of organs and contribute to a range of morbidities, including: asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) respiratory infections stroke heart attack death PM2.5 emission sourcesData used in this study reveals that while Dhaka’s annual PM2.5 exposure has been on the decline since its peak in 2018 at 97.1 μg/m3, 2021 may prove to be an exception. While Dhaka’s annual PM2.5 exposure has declined since its 2018 peak at 97.1 μg/m3, 2021 may prove to be an exception.Dhaka ranks third among the fastest growing megacities worldwide.4 On average, 536,000 new residents move to the city every year, usually migrating from the countryside for better employment opportunities.Much of the city’s PM2.5 emissions are linked to its rapid population growth, with brick kilns and dust from construction sites contributing 73 percent of citywide PM2.5.5 Motor vehicles are the next largest source, comprising 10.4 percent of total PM2.5 emissions, followed by lead, biomass burning, and sea salt.Brick kilnsBrick kilns are the single largest source of PM2.5 pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Over 2,000 kilns exist in the capital, burning coal to create bricks for new construction. Many are operating illegally.6Brick kiln chimneys release dense plumes of PM2.5 smoke as well as: sulfur oxides volatile organic compounds carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides While no government authority has been designated to control air pollution in Bangladesh or in Dhaka, local and federal policy has been established to reduce emissions from brick kilns, including:7 requiring fixed-chimney kilns be converted to zig zag kilns capable of reducing emissions by more than 50 percent imposed emission standards on kilns and fines for exceedances ending environmental clearance certificates on brick kilns promoting the transition from brick to concrete blocks by 2025 DustDust is the second leading cause of PM2.5 pollution in the capital.Located on a river delta, Bangladesh is built on sand and fine sediment that is easily kicked up and resuspended, particularly during construction when ground is broken for new development.Construction on Dhaka’s Metro Rail Project and Elevated Expressway Project are expected to be major sources of dust resuspension in the coming years.8Motor vehiclesIn Dhaka, fossil-fuel-powered vehicles are the third leading source of PM2.5, comprising 10.4 percent of all PM2.5 emissions.As the capital’s population has grown, so too have the number of vehicles. Between 2010 and 2018, Dhaka has observed a 68 percent increase in the number of vehicles on the road as the prevalence of certain types of vehicles (e.g., trucks, jeeps, minivans) more than doubled.Between 2010 and 2018, Dhaka has observed a 68% increase in vehicles on the road as the prevalence of trucks, jeeps, and minivans more than doubled.Dhaka’s seasonal air pollutionDhaka experiences strong seasonal deviations in air quality. December through March are the most polluted months of the year, often experiencing PM2.5 concentration levels more than six times higher than summer months.In Dhaka, wintertime PM2.5 levels are often six times higher than summertime levels.Elevated wintertime pollution is the result of both increased emissions as well as weather conditions that prevent pollution dispersion.9Other causes of increased PM2.5 emissions during winter include: soil erosion from tilling and less frequent rainfall in the winter dry season seasonal operation of 1,000 brick kilns as construction picks up during cooler and drier winter months road and soil dust emissions from increased construction activity Winter weather conditions that allow particle pollution to accumulate and linger include: low wind speed infrequent rainfall, which normally helps to coagulate or tamp down PM2.5 and other pollutants transboundary air pollution from India to Dhaka through the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) corridor temperature inversions that trap air pollutants close to the ground and prevent normal dispersal 2021 Dhaka Pollution FindingsDuring the first three months of 2021, Dhaka averaged a PM2.5 concentration of 154.6 μg/m3.During the first three months of 2021, Dhaka averaged a PM2.5 concentration of 154.6 μg/m3.Compared to the same time period in years past, the start of 2021 was more polluted than the start of 2020 (141.8 μg/m3), 2019 (144.8 μg/m3), and 2017 (146.6 μg/m3), but less polluted than the start of 2018 (156.3 μg/m3).While the three-month monitoring period in 2021 was 1.1 percent less polluted than 2018 (the most polluted year on record), data indicates that 2021 will be more polluted than 2018 and any other year in recorded history for Dhaka. While early 2021 was 1.1 percent less polluted than 2018 (the most polluted year on record), data indicates that 2021 may be more polluted than 2018 and any other year in recorded history for Dhaka.2021 had the most polluted March on recordMarch 2021 averaged a PM2.5 concentration of 118.0 μg/m3, higher than any other March in the last 5 years or since air pollution records began for Dhaka. March 2018 ranks as the second most polluted March in the 5-year span, with a level 7 percent lower than March 2021 (110.0 μg/m3).Every day in March 2021 averaged a U.S. AQI “unhealthy” PM2.5 concentration or worse, which has never before happened in the 5-year monitoring period (see Figure 2).Figure 2: Average annual and monthly PM2.5 concentrations in Dhaka, color-coded by U.S. Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dhaka-monthly-averages-v2.png\">No hours met U.S. AQI standards for “good”During the first three months of the year, no hours in Dhaka met the U.S. Air Quality Index (AQI) standard for “good.”During the first three months of 2021, no hours in Dhaka met the U.S. Air Quality Index (AQI) standard for “good.”Only 2.3 percent of hours were deemed “moderate” or “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” while the remaining 97.7 percent of hours were classified as “unhealthy” or worse (see Figure 3).Figure 3: Dhaka’s distribution of hourly PM2.5 concentrations from January 1 to March 31, shown as U.S. Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dhaka-percent-hours.png\">2021 had the most hours with a concentration above 150.4 μg/m3, “very unhealthy”During the first three months of 2021, 47.1 percent of hours were deemed “very unhealthy” or worse – the most of any year in recorded history.During the first three months of 2021, 47.1% of hours were deemed “very unhealthy” or worse – the most of any year in recorded history in Dhaka.By comparison, the number of hours that averaged a “very unhealthy” concentration (≥ 150.4 μg/m3) in years past are (see Figure 4): 2020: 40.2 percent 2019: 40.6 percent 2018: 44.4 percent 2017: 42.0 percent Figure 4: Daily PM2.5 levels in Dhaka from 2017-2021, indicated by U.S. AQI color. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/calander-year-Dhaka.png\">The takeawayAir quality in Dhaka is an environmental risk for heart and lung disease and early death.Since 2017, the beginning of Dhaka’s air quality data records, every year has averaged pollution levels more than 7 times the WHO recommendation, falling into the U.S. AQI “unhealthy” range.Early data indicates that 2021 may be Dhaka’s most polluted year on record. For the first three months of the year, 2021 lagged behind 2018 (the most polluted year) by just 1.1 percent. But 2021 has already set records, with the most polluted March in Dhaka history and the highest number of hours meeting the “unhealthy” U.S. AQI designation.To reduce annual average PM2.5 emissions in the capital, focus should be placed on winter emissions.Regulations that control dust from construction sites and brick kiln activity could also be better mitigated with policy and enforcement. Transitioning from bricks to concrete block alternatives as well as from fossil fuels to lower-emission or renewable sources of energy could both significantly reduce PM2.5 in Dhaka.","

In 2020, Dhaka, Bangladesh ranked as the second most polluted capital city globally. Its nearly 22 million residents were exposed to an annual average PM2.5 concentration of 77.1 μg/m³, more than 7 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) annual mean target for safer air at 10 μg/m³.

Dhaka’s chronically polluted skies are a major public health concern. The WHO estimates that outdoor air pollution kills an estimated 108,000 Bangladesh residents every year, while countless others suffer morbidities associated with long-term exposure.¹

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a renewed focus on the health impacts of PM2.5 pollution. A respiratory illness, COVID-19 disproportionately affects populations exposed to long-term air pollution.² In South Asia, an estimated 15 percent of COVID-19 deaths are attributed to air pollution exposure.

COVID-19 disproportionately affects populations exposed to long-term air pollution. In South Asia, an estimated 15% of COVID-19 deaths are attributed to chronic pollution exposure.

By some measures, the early months of 2021 have been the most polluted on record. At the same time, Dhaka has suffered its highest number of COVID-19 deaths since the pandemic began, despite vaccination rollout across the country.³

This analysis examines the reasons behind Dhaka's relatively high wintertime pollution levels and presents the status of air quality in the capital during the early months of 2021, including its peak as the most polluted city in the world (see Figure 1). The consequences of this record-breaking air pollution will likely play out during the rest of the year and beyond.

$\"Dhaka$ Figure 1: On April 23rd, 2021 Dhaka topped the Most Polluted Cities ranking. Source: IQAir' src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dhaka-most-pollution.png\">

Importance of PM2.5

PM2.5, or particulate matter measuring 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller, describes a mixture of microscopic solid and liquid particles, including:

smoke or soot
dust
dirt
wind-blown salt
chemicals
pathogens

PM2.5 is frequently regarded as the most dangerous air pollutant to human health. Due to its microscopic size, it is able to penetrate deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream. Once transported in the blood, PM2.5 can affect a number of organs and contribute to a range of morbidities, including:

asthma
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
respiratory infections
stroke
heart attack
death

PM2.5 emission sources

Data used in this study reveals that while Dhaka’s annual PM2.5 exposure has been on the decline since its peak in 2018 at 97.1 μg/m³, 2021 may prove to be an exception.

While Dhaka’s annual PM2.5 exposure has declined since its 2018 peak at 97.1 μg/m³, 2021 may prove to be an exception.

Dhaka ranks third among the fastest growing megacities worldwide.⁴ On average, 536,000 new residents move to the city every year, usually migrating from the countryside for better employment opportunities.

Much of the city’s PM2.5 emissions are linked to its rapid population growth, with brick kilns and dust from construction sites contributing 73 percent of citywide PM2.5.⁵ Motor vehicles are the next largest source, comprising 10.4 percent of total PM2.5 emissions, followed by lead, biomass burning, and sea salt.

Brick kilns

Brick kilns are the single largest source of PM2.5 pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Over 2,000 kilns exist in the capital, burning coal to create bricks for new construction. Many are operating illegally.⁶

Brick kiln chimneys release dense plumes of PM2.5 smoke as well as:

While no government authority has been designated to control air pollution in Bangladesh or in Dhaka, local and federal policy has been established to reduce emissions from brick kilns, including:⁷

requiring fixed-chimney kilns be converted to zig zag kilns capable of reducing emissions by more than 50 percent
imposed emission standards on kilns and fines for exceedances
ending environmental clearance certificates on brick kilns
promoting the transition from brick to concrete blocks by 2025

Dust

Dust is the second leading cause of PM2.5 pollution in the capital.

Located on a river delta, Bangladesh is built on sand and fine sediment that is easily kicked up and resuspended, particularly during construction when ground is broken for new development.

Construction on Dhaka’s Metro Rail Project and Elevated Expressway Project are expected to be major sources of dust resuspension in the coming years.⁸

Motor vehicles

In Dhaka, fossil-fuel-powered vehicles are the third leading source of PM2.5, comprising 10.4 percent of all PM2.5 emissions.

As the capital’s population has grown, so too have the number of vehicles. Between 2010 and 2018, Dhaka has observed a 68 percent increase in the number of vehicles on the road as the prevalence of certain types of vehicles (e.g., trucks, jeeps, minivans) more than doubled.

Between 2010 and 2018, Dhaka has observed a 68% increase in vehicles on the road as the prevalence of trucks, jeeps, and minivans more than doubled.

Dhaka’s seasonal air pollution

Dhaka experiences strong seasonal deviations in air quality. December through March are the most polluted months of the year, often experiencing PM2.5 concentration levels more than six times higher than summer months.

In Dhaka, wintertime PM2.5 levels are often six times higher than summertime levels.

Elevated wintertime pollution is the result of both increased emissions as well as weather conditions that prevent pollution dispersion.⁹

Other causes of increased PM2.5 emissions during winter include:

soil erosion from tilling and less frequent rainfall in the winter dry season
seasonal operation of 1,000 brick kilns as construction picks up during cooler and drier winter months
road and soil dust emissions from increased construction activity

Winter weather conditions that allow particle pollution to accumulate and linger include:

low wind speed
infrequent rainfall, which normally helps to coagulate or tamp down PM2.5 and other pollutants
transboundary air pollution from India to Dhaka through the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) corridor
temperature inversions that trap air pollutants close to the ground and prevent normal dispersal

2021 Dhaka Pollution Findings

During the first three months of 2021, Dhaka averaged a PM2.5 concentration of 154.6 μg/m³.

During the first three months of 2021, Dhaka averaged a PM2.5 concentration of 154.6 μg/m³.

Compared to the same time period in years past, the start of 2021 was more polluted than the start of 2020 (141.8 μg/m³), 2019 (144.8 μg/m³), and 2017 (146.6 μg/m³), but less polluted than the start of 2018 (156.3 μg/m³).

While the three-month monitoring period in 2021 was 1.1 percent less polluted than 2018 (the most polluted year on record), data indicates that 2021 will be more polluted than 2018 and any other year in recorded history for Dhaka.

While early 2021 was 1.1 percent less polluted than 2018 (the most polluted year on record), data indicates that 2021 may be more polluted than 2018 and any other year in recorded history for Dhaka.

2021 had the most polluted March on record

March 2021 averaged a PM2.5 concentration of 118.0 μg/m³, higher than any other March in the last 5 years or since air pollution records began for Dhaka. March 2018 ranks as the second most polluted March in the 5-year span, with a level 7 percent lower than March 2021 (110.0 μg/m³).

Every day in March 2021 averaged a U.S. AQI “unhealthy” PM2.5 concentration or worse, which has never before happened in the 5-year monitoring period (see Figure 2).

$\"Dhaka$ Figure 2: Average annual and monthly PM2.5 concentrations in Dhaka, color-coded by U.S. Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dhaka-monthly-averages-v2.png\">

No hours met U.S. AQI standards for “good”

During the first three months of the year, no hours in Dhaka met the U.S. Air Quality Index (AQI) standard for “good.”

During the first three months of 2021, no hours in Dhaka met the U.S. Air Quality Index (AQI) standard for “good.”

Only 2.3 percent of hours were deemed “moderate” or “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” while the remaining 97.7 percent of hours were classified as “unhealthy” or worse (see Figure 3).

$\"Dhaka$ Figure 3: Dhaka’s distribution of hourly PM2.5 concentrations from January 1 to March 31, shown as U.S. Air Quality Index categories. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Dhaka-percent-hours.png\">

2021 had the most hours with a concentration above 150.4 μg/m³, “very unhealthy”

During the first three months of 2021, 47.1 percent of hours were deemed “very unhealthy” or worse – the most of any year in recorded history.

During the first three months of 2021, 47.1% of hours were deemed “very unhealthy” or worse – the most of any year in recorded history in Dhaka.

By comparison, the number of hours that averaged a “very unhealthy” concentration (≥ 150.4 μg/m³) in years past are (see Figure 4):

\n2020: 40.2 percent
\n2019: 40.6 percent
\n2018: 44.4 percent
\n2017: 42.0 percent

$\"Daily$ Figure 4: Daily PM2.5 levels in Dhaka from 2017-2021, indicated by U.S. AQI color. Source: IQAir\" src=\"https://cms.iqair.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/calander-year-Dhaka.png\">

The takeaway

Air quality in Dhaka is an environmental risk for heart and lung disease and early death.

Since 2017, the beginning of Dhaka’s air quality data records, every year has averaged pollution levels more than 7 times the WHO recommendation, falling into the U.S. AQI “unhealthy” range.

Early data indicates that 2021 may be Dhaka’s most polluted year on record. For the first three months of the year, 2021 lagged behind 2018 (the most polluted year) by just 1.1 percent. But 2021 has already set records, with the most polluted March in Dhaka history and the highest number of hours meeting the “unhealthy” U.S. AQI designation.

To reduce annual average PM2.5 emissions in the capital, focus should be placed on winter emissions.

Regulations that control dust from construction sites and brick kiln activity could also be better mitigated with policy and enforcement. Transitioning from bricks to concrete block alternatives as well as from fossil fuels to lower-emission or renewable sources of energy could both significantly reduce PM2.5 in Dhaka.

","dhaka-suffers-record-air-pollution-2021","gid://shopify/Article/564855668814","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/dhaka-suffers-record-air-pollution-2021","2021-04-13T22:07:16Z",[1169,705],"Dhaka suffers record PM2.5 levels in 2021",{"_10":1351,"_202":1352,"_205":1353,"_207":1354,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269421838414","Air pollution in Dakha affecting citizens","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/pexels-azraq-al-rezoan-3449646-7473234_cropped_1_cropped.jpg?v=1751026562",2878,"pageInfo",{"_1357":71,"_1358":71,"_1359":1360,"_1361":1362},"hasPreviousPage","hasNextPage","endCursor","eyJsYXN0X2lkIjo1NjQ4NTU2Njg4MTQsImxhc3RfdmFsdWUiOjE2MTgzNTE2MzYwMDAsIm9mZnNldCI6NTl9","startCursor","eyJsYXN0X2lkIjo1NjQ4NTU2MzYwNDYsImxhc3RfdmFsdWUiOjE2NzI1ODUyMDAwMDAsIm9mZnNldCI6NDh9","selectedTag",{"_599":1365,"_1006":43,"_205":1010,"_1011":1366},"Air Quality News - Community",{"_1013":1014,"_1015":1367,"_12":1365,"_1006":43,"_205":1010},"Blog","categorizedArticles",{"_1370":1371,"_1409":1410,"_1513":1514,"_1580":1581,"_1651":1652},"featured",[1372,1392],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1373,"_1139":1374,"_1154":1375,"_1156":1376,"_1157":1377,"_1159":1378,"_1008":1379,"_10":1380,"_1163":1381,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1382,"_635":1383,"_599":1385,"_1171":1386},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"CADR measures how quickly an air purifier cleans the air. Learn how it works—and why it should be considered alongside long-term performance metrics like CCM.","

CADR measures how quickly an air purifier cleans the air. Learn how it works—and why it should be considered alongside long-term performance metrics like CCM.

","When choosing an air purifier, one of the first numbers people encounter is CADR—but it is also one of the most misunderstood. CADR, or Clean Air Delivery Rate, measures how quickly an air purifier can clean the air in a space. It is often used to compare different models, but on its own it does not reflect how an air purifier performs in real-world conditions over time. CADR focuses on short-term performance—how quickly clean air is delivered under specific conditions—rather than how long that performance can be maintained. Understanding how CADR works—and how it differs from other metrics like CCM—can make it easier to choose a system that matches both the size of a space and how performance will hold over time. What CADR actually measures CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier removes particles from the air. It combines airflow and filter efficiency to estimate how fast clean air is delivered within a given space. In practical terms, this means CADR indicates how quickly airborne particles can be cleared—but not how consistently that performance will hold over time. CADR measures the removal rate of airborne particles as small as 0.09 microns to as large as 11 microns (1)(2). It reflects how filter efficiency and airflow interact within a given space, but is limited to measuring performance speed rather than long-term usage. CADR is often presented alongside CCM, but the two metrics reflect very different aspects of performance. CADR focuses on how quickly clean air is delivered, while CCM indicates how much pollution a system can handle before its performance begins to decline. The limitation of CADR: Speed vs long-term performance While CADR is commonly used to compare how quickly an air purifier works, it does not indicate how performance will hold over time. As filters load with particles and gases, airflow and efficiency can change—something CADR does not capture. Many air purifiers perform well when new but lose effectiveness as filters become saturated. As a result, CADR alone gives an incomplete—or even misleading—picture of how an air purifier will perform outside of controlled test conditions. CADR vs CCM: Speed vs endurance While CADR measures speed, CCM focuses on endurance. It tracks how much pollution an air purifier can remove over time before its performance begins to decline. CCM ratings are grouped into standardized tiers for particulate matter (P) and formaldehyde (F), which indicate how much pollution an air purifier can handle before its performance begins to decline. Higher tiers represent greater long-term filtration capacity and more stable performance over time. Particulate Matter Formaldehyde P1 3000 – 5000 mg F1 300 – 600 mg P2 5000 – 8000 mg F2 600 – 1000 mg P3 8000 – 12000 mg F3 1000 – 1500 mg P4 > 12,000 mg F4 > 1500 mg In practical terms, higher P and F values indicate that an air purifier can handle more pollution before its performance drops—making these tiers a useful way to compare long-term effectiveness. For example, a system rated at P4 can remove significantly more particulate matter before performance declines than one rated at P1. Compared to CADR, CCM reflects long-term filtration performance rather than short-term speed. In practice, CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier performs under initial test conditions, while CCM provides clearer insight into how that performance holds up over time. How to evaluate air purifier performance in real-world use Understanding how an air purifier is tested can help clarify how it will perform in real-world use. If a system is too small for a space, or if performance declines over time, airborne particles may remain present. Systems with higher CCM levels are more likely to maintain consistent performance over time, which can be especially relevant for sensitive or allergy-prone groups. CCM values reflect long-term filtration capacity. Some systems are designed to maintain performance over extended use, which is reflected in higher CCM values. Some air purifiers are designed to perform strongly across both metrics. For example, systems using high-efficiency filtration, such as IQAir systems using HyperHEPA filtration, are designed to capture ultrafine particles efficiently while maintaining long-term performance. Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between CADR and CCM? CADR measures initial short-term performance quality, calculating the rate or speed of which airborne particulate matter is cleaned and recycled. CCM measures long-term performance longevity, calculating the sheer amount of pollutant particles that are collected by an air purifier before the device begins to lose efficiency. The key difference is the short-term versus long-term measurements. What is more important to consider, CADR or CCM? While both CADR and CCM are important to consider in general, CCM provides a clearer understanding of air purifier quality and filtration over time. When choosing an air purifier, CCM values give a direct ranking on which system is going to last the longest while maintaining powerful filtration. Do all air purifiers have CADR and/or CCM ratings? Most air purifiers should have either a CADR or CCM rating listed; however, at-home calculations and trial runs can be performed to calculate the values. How is CADR measured by room? A CADR rating should be 2/3 the value of the room’s square footage that the air purifier is housed in. For instance, if a room is 180 square feet, then an air purifier with a CADR of 120 should be used. Conclusion CADR and CCM measure different aspects of air purifier performance: speed and endurance. Looking beyond CADR to include metrics like CCM provides a clearer picture of how an air purifier will perform—not just when it is new, but over time.","

When choosing an air purifier, one of the first numbers people encounter is CADR—but it is also one of the most misunderstood.

CADR, or Clean Air Delivery Rate, measures how quickly an air purifier can clean the air in a space. It is often used to compare different models, but on its own it does not reflect how an air purifier performs in real-world conditions over time. CADR focuses on short-term performance—how quickly clean air is delivered under specific conditions—rather than how long that performance can be maintained.

Understanding how CADR works—and how it differs from other metrics like CCM—can make it easier to choose a system that matches both the size of a space and how performance will hold over time.

What CADR actually measures

CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier removes particles from the air. It combines airflow and filter efficiency to estimate how fast clean air is delivered within a given space.

In practical terms, this means CADR indicates how quickly airborne particles can be cleared—but not how consistently that performance will hold over time.

CADR measures the removal rate of airborne particles as small as 0.09 microns to as large as 11 microns (1)(2). It reflects how filter efficiency and airflow interact within a given space, but is limited to measuring performance speed rather than long-term usage.

CADR is often presented alongside CCM, but the two metrics reflect very different aspects of performance. CADR focuses on how quickly clean air is delivered, while CCM indicates how much pollution a system can handle before its performance begins to decline.

The limitation of CADR: Speed vs long-term performance

While CADR is commonly used to compare how quickly an air purifier works, it does not indicate how performance will hold over time.

As filters load with particles and gases, airflow and efficiency can change—something CADR does not capture. Many air purifiers perform well when new but lose effectiveness as filters become saturated.

As a result, CADR alone gives an incomplete—or even misleading—picture of how an air purifier will perform outside of controlled test conditions.

CADR vs CCM: Speed vs endurance

While CADR measures speed, CCM focuses on endurance. It tracks how much pollution an air purifier can remove over time before its performance begins to decline.

CCM ratings are grouped into standardized tiers for particulate matter (P) and formaldehyde (F), which indicate how much pollution an air purifier can handle before its performance begins to decline. Higher tiers represent greater long-term filtration capacity and more stable performance over time.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Particulate Matter	Formaldehyde
P1	3000 – 5000 mg	F1	300 – 600 mg
P2	5000 – 8000 mg	F2	600 – 1000 mg
P3	8000 – 12000 mg	F3	1000 – 1500 mg
P4	> 12,000 mg	F4	> 1500 mg

In practical terms, higher P and F values indicate that an air purifier can handle more pollution before its performance drops—making these tiers a useful way to compare long-term effectiveness. For example, a system rated at P4 can remove significantly more particulate matter before performance declines than one rated at P1.

Compared to CADR, CCM reflects long-term filtration performance rather than short-term speed.

In practice, CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier performs under initial test conditions, while CCM provides clearer insight into how that performance holds up over time.

How to evaluate air purifier performance in real-world use

Understanding how an air purifier is tested can help clarify how it will perform in real-world use. If a system is too small for a space, or if performance declines over time, airborne particles may remain present. Systems with higher CCM levels are more likely to maintain consistent performance over time, which can be especially relevant for sensitive or allergy-prone groups.

CCM values reflect long-term filtration capacity. Some systems are designed to maintain performance over extended use, which is reflected in higher CCM values.

Some air purifiers are designed to perform strongly across both metrics. For example, systems using high-efficiency filtration, such as IQAir systems using HyperHEPA filtration, are designed to capture ultrafine particles efficiently while maintaining long-term performance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between CADR and CCM?

CADR measures initial short-term performance quality, calculating the rate or speed of which airborne particulate matter is cleaned and recycled. CCM measures long-term performance longevity, calculating the sheer amount of pollutant particles that are collected by an air purifier before the device begins to lose efficiency. The key difference is the short-term versus long-term measurements.

What is more important to consider, CADR or CCM?

While both CADR and CCM are important to consider in general, CCM provides a clearer understanding of air purifier quality and filtration over time. When choosing an air purifier, CCM values give a direct ranking on which system is going to last the longest while maintaining powerful filtration.

Do all air purifiers have CADR and/or CCM ratings?

Most air purifiers should have either a CADR or CCM rating listed; however, at-home calculations and trial runs can be performed to calculate the values.

How is CADR measured by room?

A CADR rating should be 2/3 the value of the room’s square footage that the air purifier is housed in. For instance, if a room is 180 square feet, then an air purifier with a CADR of 120 should be used.

Conclusion

CADR and CCM measure different aspects of air purifier performance: speed and endurance. Looking beyond CADR to include metrics like CCM provides a clearer picture of how an air purifier will perform—not just when it is new, but over time.

","what-cadr-means-and-how-to-choose-an-air-purifier","gid://shopify/Article/641380089934","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/what-cadr-means-and-how-to-choose-an-air-purifier","2026-05-12T15:00:00Z",[912,1384],"Featured articles","What CADR means and how to choose an air purifier",{"_10":1387,"_202":1388,"_205":1389,"_207":1390,"_203":1391},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273257267278","Air purifier next to fireplace","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Article_WhatsACADRRating_D_b41be4f3-a6e7-4b6d-aedc-ffabb0a0c40d.jpg?v=1778599072",839,674,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1393,"_1139":1394,"_1154":1395,"_1156":1396,"_1157":1397,"_1159":1398,"_1008":1399,"_10":1400,"_1163":1401,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1402,"_635":1403,"_599":1404,"_1171":1405},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"See how EarthMuseum is teaching the next generation how to monitor air quality and address air pollution through data.","

See how EarthMuseum is teaching the next generation how to monitor air quality and address air pollution through data.

","“Our program gives students a way to work with real-world data—so they’re not just learning about air quality, they’re actually seeing it and responding to it,” said Janet Owen, Founder and Director of EarthMuseum Learn. Through its collaboration with IQAir, EarthMuseum Learn, a not-for-profit focused on global, cross-curricular education, is piloting Air We Breathe—an air quality learning and monitoring program that helps students understand pollution in context and think more critically about what it means (1). As part of a free wider learning program, schools use IQAir’s AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitors and AirVisual dashboard to measure the air around them and publish an analysis of those readings to a shared collaboration platform. Instead of relying on static examples, students work with live data—conditions that change throughout the day and can be followed over time. For many, it’s the first time air pollution is something they can track directly using data generated by their own school. Rather than focusing on a single location or data contributor, the program is designed to connect many, linking classrooms through a common learning framework and shared data. Learning that starts with context Developed with educators and subject experts, the Air We Breathe program is designed for students ages 7 to 14. It’s free for schools worldwide and built to fit into existing curricula. The program moves between history, science, and present-day air quality. Lessons explore how air pollution has developed over time, from early human activity through the industrial period and into the present. They also look at how air quality connects to health, climate, and the way communities function, with an opportunity to think about local innovation and action. That shared structure makes it possible for schools in different locations to engage with the same material at the same time, creating a common starting point for comparison. It’s not about delivering a fixed set of facts. Students are encouraged to question, discuss, and form their own views. As Owen put it, the program is built around “the ability to have conversations about what air quality and air pollution are, and what they mean in a worldview context.” That foundation becomes more meaningful once students begin working with real-world data. Working with data from their own environment Each school uses an IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor to measure local air quality. Those readings feed into the IQAir platform, where they can be accessed through the AirVisual app, desktop dashboard, and global air quality map. Students aren’t just checking the numbers. They follow how readings change over time, compare patterns across different days, and begin asking why those changes happen. Owen described it simply: students are “playing with the data, looking at the data, comparing their data with others.” For EarthMuseum Learn, the appeal of the system was not just the data itself, but how easily it could be used across different classrooms globally. Once tested, Owen said, “it was pretty straightforward to set up,” and “very communicative in terms of the data.” The platform also places those readings alongside a much wider network of stations, contributed by governments, organizations, and individuals around the world. That context makes it easier to see how local conditions fit into a broader picture. In practice, each school becomes one point within a much larger network of observations. Comparing across locations Students have the ability to look at their own data alongside readings from partner schools in other regions, from nearby cities to entirely different countries. Seeing those differences tends to raise immediate questions. Owen said students begin to ask, “Why are levels higher in one place than another? What local factors might be involved? How do infrastructure, geography, or policy play a role?” For the program, that exchange is central. It’s about “that ability to compare and contrast, to talk, to discuss, and to understand what’s happening in different places.” What starts as a local exercise becomes something shared, and something that allows students to see their community in a global context. Understanding how air quality data is created Alongside real-time monitoring, students take manual readings at set intervals, recording and sharing those observations through EarthMuseum Learn’s developing collaborative platform. For many, this is their first experience working with environmental data in a structured way. It makes them more comfortable reading the numbers and talking about what those numbers mean. Because those observations are shared across schools, they don’t stay local—they contribute to a broader, collective view. From observation to response Students are encouraged to consider what their observations mean in practical terms—for themselves, for their school, and for the wider community. Sometimes that may lead to small changes in the school environment. In other cases, it can develop into campaigns or presentations shared with local decision-makers. Owen said, “Students see that data isn’t just something on a screen, or something collected in a vacuum. They see how it’s interpreted—and how it can help make an impact in their world.” That thinking is shaped not only by their own data, but by what they see happening in other schools. As Owen framed it: “What does that mean for me individually? What does that mean for us as a school? What does that mean for the community?” Teachers involved in early pilots have already seen the conversation extend beyond the classroom. Students bring the subject home with them, and it starts to shape discussions with teachers, parents, and peers. “There’s a real appetite… to have those conversations—not just with each other, but with teachers and with parents,” Owen said. Building a connected model Work with schools in the UK now includes international partners, with classrooms in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia beginning to take part. Additional school networks are in discussion. As more schools install monitors and publish data, the project is gradually forming a distributed network of classrooms, each contributing its own data and perspective. Because the same monitoring and platform infrastructure can be used across regions, schools are able to participate in a shared system without needing to adapt the technical setup each time. Over time, individual data points begin to form a connected system across schools. For EarthMuseum Learn, the goal is not simply to grow, but to build something that keeps those classrooms connected rather than operating in isolation. Conclusion EarthMuseum Learn offers one way to bring environmental learning closer to students’ daily experience. By combining real-time monitoring with classroom teaching and global data sharing, the program gives students a way to follow air quality through observation, comparison, and discussion. It also suggests a different way of teaching these topics—one where classrooms are connected through shared data and analysis instead of working in isolation.","

“Our program gives students a way to work with real-world data—so they’re not just learning about air quality, they’re actually seeing it and responding to it,” said Janet Owen, Founder and Director of EarthMuseum Learn.

Through its collaboration with IQAir, EarthMuseum Learn, a not-for-profit focused on global, cross-curricular education, is piloting Air We Breathe—an air quality learning and monitoring program that helps students understand pollution in context and think more critically about what it means (1).

As part of a free wider learning program, schools use IQAir’s AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitors and AirVisual dashboard to measure the air around them and publish an analysis of those readings to a shared collaboration platform. Instead of relying on static examples, students work with live data—conditions that change throughout the day and can be followed over time.

For many, it’s the first time air pollution is something they can track directly using data generated by their own school.

Rather than focusing on a single location or data contributor, the program is designed to connect many, linking classrooms through a common learning framework and shared data.

Learning that starts with context

Developed with educators and subject experts, the Air We Breathe program is designed for students ages 7 to 14. It’s free for schools worldwide and built to fit into existing curricula.

The program moves between history, science, and present-day air quality. Lessons explore how air pollution has developed over time, from early human activity through the industrial period and into the present. They also look at how air quality connects to health, climate, and the way communities function, with an opportunity to think about local innovation and action. That shared structure makes it possible for schools in different locations to engage with the same material at the same time, creating a common starting point for comparison.

It’s not about delivering a fixed set of facts. Students are encouraged to question, discuss, and form their own views. As Owen put it, the program is built around “the ability to have conversations about what air quality and air pollution are, and what they mean in a worldview context.”

That foundation becomes more meaningful once students begin working with real-world data.

Working with data from their own environment

Each school uses an IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor to measure local air quality. Those readings feed into the IQAir platform, where they can be accessed through the AirVisual app, desktop dashboard, and global air quality map.

Students aren’t just checking the numbers. They follow how readings change over time, compare patterns across different days, and begin asking why those changes happen.

Owen described it simply: students are “playing with the data, looking at the data, comparing their data with others.”

For EarthMuseum Learn, the appeal of the system was not just the data itself, but how easily it could be used across different classrooms globally. Once tested, Owen said, “it was pretty straightforward to set up,” and “very communicative in terms of the data.”

The platform also places those readings alongside a much wider network of stations, contributed by governments, organizations, and individuals around the world. That context makes it easier to see how local conditions fit into a broader picture. In practice, each school becomes one point within a much larger network of observations.

Comparing across locations

Students have the ability to look at their own data alongside readings from partner schools in other regions, from nearby cities to entirely different countries.

Seeing those differences tends to raise immediate questions. Owen said students begin to ask, “Why are levels higher in one place than another? What local factors might be involved? How do infrastructure, geography, or policy play a role?” For the program, that exchange is central. It’s about “that ability to compare and contrast, to talk, to discuss, and to understand what’s happening in different places.”

What starts as a local exercise becomes something shared, and something that allows students to see their community in a global context.

Understanding how air quality data is created

Alongside real-time monitoring, students take manual readings at set intervals, recording and sharing those observations through EarthMuseum Learn’s developing collaborative platform.

For many, this is their first experience working with environmental data in a structured way. It makes them more comfortable reading the numbers and talking about what those numbers mean.

Because those observations are shared across schools, they don’t stay local—they contribute to a broader, collective view.

From observation to response

Students are encouraged to consider what their observations mean in practical terms—for themselves, for their school, and for the wider community. Sometimes that may lead to small changes in the school environment. In other cases, it can develop into campaigns or presentations shared with local decision-makers. Owen said, “Students see that data isn’t just something on a screen, or something collected in a vacuum. They see how it’s interpreted—and how it can help make an impact in their world.”

That thinking is shaped not only by their own data, but by what they see happening in other schools.

As Owen framed it: “What does that mean for me individually? What does that mean for us as a school? What does that mean for the community?”

Teachers involved in early pilots have already seen the conversation extend beyond the classroom. Students bring the subject home with them, and it starts to shape discussions with teachers, parents, and peers.

“There’s a real appetite… to have those conversations—not just with each other, but with teachers and with parents,” Owen said.

Building a connected model

Work with schools in the UK now includes international partners, with classrooms in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia beginning to take part. Additional school networks are in discussion.

As more schools install monitors and publish data, the project is gradually forming a distributed network of classrooms, each contributing its own data and perspective.

Because the same monitoring and platform infrastructure can be used across regions, schools are able to participate in a shared system without needing to adapt the technical setup each time. Over time, individual data points begin to form a connected system across schools.

For EarthMuseum Learn, the goal is not simply to grow, but to build something that keeps those classrooms connected rather than operating in isolation.

Conclusion

EarthMuseum Learn offers one way to bring environmental learning closer to students’ daily experience.

By combining real-time monitoring with classroom teaching and global data sharing, the program gives students a way to follow air quality through observation, comparison, and discussion. It also suggests a different way of teaching these topics—one where classrooms are connected through shared data and analysis instead of working in isolation.

","earthmuseum-learn-connects-classrooms-through-air-quality-data","gid://shopify/Article/641496842318","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/earthmuseum-learn-connects-classrooms-through-air-quality-data","2026-05-11T15:00:00Z",[705,1384,710],"Revealing the Invisible: EarthMuseum Learn connects classrooms through air quality data",{"_10":1406,"_202":1407,"_205":1408,"_207":1390,"_203":1391},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273242423374","Students participating in an EarthMuseum Learn classroom activity.","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Article_EarthMuseum_D.jpg?v=1778512778","latest",[1411,1429,1447,1463,1480,1496],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1412,"_1139":1413,"_1154":1414,"_1156":1415,"_1157":1416,"_1159":1417,"_1008":1418,"_10":1419,"_1163":1420,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1421,"_635":1422,"_599":1424,"_1171":1425},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about the Pineland Road Fire and its impact on communities in southern Georgia.","

Find out more about the Pineland Road Fire and its impact on communities in southern Georgia.

","What is the name and location of the wildfire? As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire is burning in southern Georgia across Clinch and Echols counties. The fire is located approximately 5 miles west of Colon Road and Mud Camp Pineland Road, near Highway 441 and close to the Suwannee River at the boundary between the two counties (1). Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire? The cities and areas affected by the Pineland Road Fire include: Colon Echols County Fargo Highway area Needmore Fruitland Regions near Headlight Road Regions near Tiger Lake Road Regions near Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road What is the current containment status of the Pineland Road Fire? As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire has burned approximately 32,031 acres and is 90% contained. Firefighting crews continue suppression efforts under challenging conditions, including severe drought, low humidity, strong winds, and difficult swampy terrain. Full containment is not expected until late May (2). Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place? A mandatory evacuation order is in effect for all of Fruitland in Echols County. Residents are urged to leave immediately, take essentials, pets, and medications, and follow official exit routes and instructions. Evacuation alerts remain in place for residents near Highway 441 between Headlight Road and Tiger Lake Road, as well as areas east of Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road. Officials advise residents not to return to evacuated areas until authorities declare it safe. Evacuation shelters have been opened, including Venture of Faith Camp in Lake Park and Camp Rock in Valdosta (3). How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke? Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke. Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. As of May 16, 2026, this fire is 90% contained.","

What is the name and location of the wildfire?

As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire is burning in southern Georgia across Clinch and Echols counties.

The fire is located approximately 5 miles west of Colon Road and Mud Camp Pineland Road, near Highway 441 and close to the Suwannee River at the boundary between the two counties (1).

Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire?

The cities and areas affected by the Pineland Road Fire include:

Colon
Echols County
Fargo Highway area
Needmore
Fruitland
Regions near Headlight Road
Regions near Tiger Lake Road
Regions near Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road

What is the current containment status of the Pineland Road Fire?

As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire has burned approximately 32,031 acres and is 90% contained.

Firefighting crews continue suppression efforts under challenging conditions, including severe drought, low humidity, strong winds, and difficult swampy terrain. Full containment is not expected until late May (2).

Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place?

A mandatory evacuation order is in effect for all of Fruitland in Echols County. Residents are urged to leave immediately, take essentials, pets, and medications, and follow official exit routes and instructions.

Evacuation alerts remain in place for residents near Highway 441 between Headlight Road and Tiger Lake Road, as well as areas east of Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road. Officials advise residents not to return to evacuated areas until authorities declare it safe.

Evacuation shelters have been opened, including Venture of Faith Camp in Lake Park and Camp Rock in Valdosta (3).

How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke?

Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke.

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n

As of May 16, 2026, this fire is 90% contained.

","wildfire-map-spotlight-pineland-road-fire-georgia","gid://shopify/Article/641403387982","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/wildfire-map-spotlight-pineland-road-fire-georgia","2026-05-16T07:10:07Z",[1169,700,1423,725],"Wildfire","Wildfire Map Spotlight: Pineland Road Fire, Georgia",{"_10":1426,"_202":1427,"_205":1428,"_207":1390,"_203":1391},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273308549198","Wildfire engulfs a dense forest","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Wildfire9Desktop_63861816-5125-443c-88a3-2eb9844139ed.jpg?v=1778915412",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1430,"_1139":1431,"_1154":1432,"_1156":1433,"_1157":1434,"_1159":1435,"_1008":1436,"_10":1437,"_1163":1438,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1439,"_635":1440,"_599":1441,"_1171":1442},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about the ongoing Mayon Volcano eruption in Albay Province, including affected communities, evacuation measures, and volcanic activity updates.","

Find out more about the ongoing Mayon Volcano eruption in Albay Province, including affected communities, evacuation measures, and volcanic activity updates.

","What is the name and location of the volcano? As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano is actively erupting in Albay Province in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. Located approximately 330 kilometers southeast of Manila in the province of Albay, Mayon Volcano is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for frequent volcanic eruptions and seismic activity. The volcano rises prominently near the municipalities of Camalig and Guinobatan, and the city of Ligao. It is internationally recognized for its remarkably symmetrical cone shape, making it one of the Philippines’ most iconic natural landmarks. Authorities continue to closely monitor volcanic activity and potential hazards within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater. (1) Which cities or areas are affected by the volcano? The following areas have been affected by ongoing volcanic activity from Mayon Volcano: Albay Province Basud Bonga Camalig Cagsawa Guinobatan Legazpi Ligao City Mi-isi Gully Misi At least 124 barangays across Albay Province have been affected by ashfall, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, and volcanic activity. What is the current containment status of the volcano? As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano remains under Alert Level 3 as volcanic unrest continues across the region. PHIVOLCS reported that the volcano has been undergoing an effusive eruption for 131 consecutive days, producing continuous lava flows, collapse-fed pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, volcanic earthquakes, and minor strombolian activity at the summit crater. Lava flows have extended up to 3.8 kilometers along Basud Gully, 3.2 kilometers along Bonga Gully, and 1.6 kilometers along Mi-isi Gully (2). Monitoring data also recorded 71 volcanic earthquakes, 421 rockfall events, sulfur dioxide emissions averaging 889 tonnes per day, and ongoing ground deformation around the volcano. Authorities continue enforcing restrictions within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone because hazardous eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and sudden explosive activity remain possible (3). Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place? Authorities continue to enforce Alert Level 3 at Mayon Volcano and prohibit entry into the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater. PHIVOLCS has warned residents and visitors to remain outside restricted zones because lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, ashfall, and sudden explosive eruptions may occur without warning. More than 287,000 people across the Philippines remain displaced or are sheltering due to the prolonged eruption. Evacuation centers across Albay Province continue housing thousands of families as emergency response teams coordinate relief operations, distribute protective supplies, and monitor conditions in affected communities. Authorities are also preparing for additional risks associated with the approaching rainy season, including lahars and flooding in communities surrounding the volcano. How can I protect myself from volcanic smoke? Always plan ahead to protect yourself from a volcanic eruption. Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter volcanic smoke. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.","

What is the name and location of the volcano?

As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano is actively erupting in Albay Province in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines.

Located approximately 330 kilometers southeast of Manila in the province of Albay, Mayon Volcano is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for frequent volcanic eruptions and seismic activity.

The volcano rises prominently near the municipalities of Camalig and Guinobatan, and the city of Ligao. It is internationally recognized for its remarkably symmetrical cone shape, making it one of the Philippines’ most iconic natural landmarks.

Authorities continue to closely monitor volcanic activity and potential hazards within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater. (1)

Which cities or areas are affected by the volcano?

The following areas have been affected by ongoing volcanic activity from Mayon Volcano:

Albay Province
Basud
Bonga
Camalig
Cagsawa
Guinobatan
Legazpi
Ligao City
Mi-isi Gully
Misi

At least 124 barangays across Albay Province have been affected by ashfall, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, and volcanic activity.

What is the current containment status of the volcano?

As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano remains under Alert Level 3 as volcanic unrest continues across the region.

PHIVOLCS reported that the volcano has been undergoing an effusive eruption for 131 consecutive days, producing continuous lava flows, collapse-fed pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, volcanic earthquakes, and minor strombolian activity at the summit crater.

Lava flows have extended up to 3.8 kilometers along Basud Gully, 3.2 kilometers along Bonga Gully, and 1.6 kilometers along Mi-isi Gully (2).

Monitoring data also recorded 71 volcanic earthquakes, 421 rockfall events, sulfur dioxide emissions averaging 889 tonnes per day, and ongoing ground deformation around the volcano.

Authorities continue enforcing restrictions within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone because hazardous eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and sudden explosive activity remain possible (3).

Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place?

Authorities continue to enforce Alert Level 3 at Mayon Volcano and prohibit entry into the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater.

PHIVOLCS has warned residents and visitors to remain outside restricted zones because lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, ashfall, and sudden explosive eruptions may occur without warning.

More than 287,000 people across the Philippines remain displaced or are sheltering due to the prolonged eruption.

Evacuation centers across Albay Province continue housing thousands of families as emergency response teams coordinate relief operations, distribute protective supplies, and monitor conditions in affected communities.

Authorities are also preparing for additional risks associated with the approaching rainy season, including lahars and flooding in communities surrounding the volcano.

How can I protect myself from volcanic smoke?

Always plan ahead to protect yourself from a volcanic eruption.

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter volcanic smoke.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n

","volcanic-eruption-map-spotlight-mayon-volcano-philippines-5-2026","gid://shopify/Article/641502150734","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/volcanic-eruption-map-spotlight-mayon-volcano-philippines-5-2026","2026-05-15T12:29:00Z",[1169],"Volcanic Eruption Map Spotlight: Mayon Volcano, Philippines",{"_10":1443,"_202":1444,"_205":1445,"_207":1446,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273302913102","Volcano erupting","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Volcano1Desktop_84495d4b-5996-4e91-83a7-5380673373ce.jpg?v=1778849833",2800,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1448,"_1139":1449,"_1154":1450,"_1156":1451,"_1157":1452,"_1159":1453,"_1008":1454,"_10":1455,"_1163":1456,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1457,"_635":1458,"_599":1459,"_1171":1460},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"A severe heatwave is affecting India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, with temperatures exceeding 100°F (38°C) across the region. Learn more about ongoing heat risks and alerts.","

A severe heatwave is affecting India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, with temperatures exceeding 100°F (38°C) across the region. Learn more about ongoing heat risks and alerts.

","Why is there a heatwave in South Asia? A prolonged heatwave is affecting South Asia, driven by strong high-pressure systems that trap hot air near the surface. Temperatures in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan have soared well above seasonal averages, with some areas approaching or exceeding 45-50 degrees Celsius (113-122 degrees Fahrenheit). The heat arrived earlier than the typical May-June season. High-pressure systems dominate, trapping hot air near the surface like a dome, preventing it from rising and cooling, while sinking air compresses, warms, and blocks clouds, allowing relentless solar heating (1). Climate scientists say meteorological conditions are up to 4°C warmer than in the past, mostly ascribing the increased heat to human-driven climate change. Which cities or areas are affected by the heatwave? Several major cities across South Asia are experiencing extreme heat during this heatwave event, some of the affected include: India: Aheri, Ahmedabad, Agra, Delhi, Dhanbad, Indore, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Macherla, Nagpur, Nanded, Prayagraj, Raipur, Sambalpur and Solapur. Pakistan: Bahawalpur, Dadu, Hyderabad, Lahore, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, Sibi, Sukkur and Turbat. Afghanistan: Lashkar Gah and Mirabad. How long will the heatwave last? The heatwave began in early April 2026 and is expected to persist through the summer months. In India, forecasts indicate above-normal heatwave days throughout the April-June period. The India Meteorological Department chief stated there will be an increased number of heatwave conditions along the east coast states and Gujarat by about four to five days into the month of May (2). Pakistan's meteorological department (PMD) has warned of continued heatwave conditions across central and upper Sindh for several days to weeks. This long-term pattern means temperatures will likely remain above 100°F (38°C) throughout the summer season across much of the region, until the monsoon season provides relief (3). In Afghanistan, summer heat typically lasts from May through September, with temperatures in southern regions like Kandahar reaching 36-43°C (97-109°F). It is possible that a strong El Niño projected for this summer may also contribute to more intense, longer-lasting heat waves and dry weather in South Asia (4). Are there any alerts in place? Multiple heat alerts are active across South Asia. In India, several regions in Gujarat were placed under orange alert status, indicating heatwave conditions and heightened probability of heat-related illnesses (5). The Uttar Pradesh Government issued directives for hospitals to prepare for increased cases of heat-related illnesses and alerted veterinarian teams to ensure adequate shelter and water for livestock. The India Meteorological Department continues issuing warnings for severe heatwave conditions in western regions and along the coast. In Pakistan, the PMD forecast continued heatwave conditions and urged citizens to avoid exposure to direct sunlight during daytime and remain hydrated. Both countries have Heat Action Plans coordinated through disaster management authorities (6). Afghanistan's extreme summer heat typically affects outdoor workers and vulnerable populations, though formal heat-specific alert systems are limited compared to neighboring countries. Residents are advised to stay in air-conditioned spaces, avoid direct sun exposure, drink fluids, and check on elderly individuals. Outdoor workers should reschedule activities to cooler hours.","

Why is there a heatwave in South Asia?

A prolonged heatwave is affecting South Asia, driven by strong high-pressure systems that trap hot air near the surface. Temperatures in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan have soared well above seasonal averages, with some areas approaching or exceeding 45-50 degrees Celsius (113-122 degrees Fahrenheit).

The heat arrived earlier than the typical May-June season. High-pressure systems dominate, trapping hot air near the surface like a dome, preventing it from rising and cooling, while sinking air compresses, warms, and blocks clouds, allowing relentless solar heating (1).

Climate scientists say meteorological conditions are up to 4°C warmer than in the past, mostly ascribing the increased heat to human-driven climate change.

Which cities or areas are affected by the heatwave?

Several major cities across South Asia are experiencing extreme heat during this heatwave event, some of the affected include:

\nIndia: Aheri, Ahmedabad, Agra, Delhi, Dhanbad, Indore, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Macherla, Nagpur, Nanded, Prayagraj, Raipur, Sambalpur and Solapur.
\nPakistan: Bahawalpur, Dadu, Hyderabad, Lahore, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, Sibi, Sukkur and Turbat.
\nAfghanistan: Lashkar Gah and Mirabad.

How long will the heatwave last?

The heatwave began in early April 2026 and is expected to persist through the summer months. In India, forecasts indicate above-normal heatwave days throughout the April-June period. The India Meteorological Department chief stated there will be an increased number of heatwave conditions along the east coast states and Gujarat by about four to five days into the month of May (2).

Pakistan's meteorological department (PMD) has warned of continued heatwave conditions across central and upper Sindh for several days to weeks. This long-term pattern means temperatures will likely remain above 100°F (38°C) throughout the summer season across much of the region, until the monsoon season provides relief (3).

In Afghanistan, summer heat typically lasts from May through September, with temperatures in southern regions like Kandahar reaching 36-43°C (97-109°F).

It is possible that a strong El Niño projected for this summer may also contribute to more intense, longer-lasting heat waves and dry weather in South Asia (4).

Are there any alerts in place?

Multiple heat alerts are active across South Asia. In India, several regions in Gujarat were placed under orange alert status, indicating heatwave conditions and heightened probability of heat-related illnesses (5).

The Uttar Pradesh Government issued directives for hospitals to prepare for increased cases of heat-related illnesses and alerted veterinarian teams to ensure adequate shelter and water for livestock. The India Meteorological Department continues issuing warnings for severe heatwave conditions in western regions and along the coast.

In Pakistan, the PMD forecast continued heatwave conditions and urged citizens to avoid exposure to direct sunlight during daytime and remain hydrated. Both countries have Heat Action Plans coordinated through disaster management authorities (6).

Afghanistan's extreme summer heat typically affects outdoor workers and vulnerable populations, though formal heat-specific alert systems are limited compared to neighboring countries.

Residents are advised to stay in air-conditioned spaces, avoid direct sun exposure, drink fluids, and check on elderly individuals. Outdoor workers should reschedule activities to cooler hours.

","heatwave-map-spotlight-south-asia","gid://shopify/Article/641519910990","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/heatwave-map-spotlight-south-asia","2026-05-15T10:10:08Z",[1169,700],"Heatwave Map Spotlight: South Asia",{"_10":1461,"_202":-5,"_205":1462,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273301831758","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Heatwave2Desktop_72319d33-c66f-4ea3-9921-040edde87edf.jpg?v=1778839816",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1464,"_1139":1465,"_1154":1466,"_1156":1467,"_1157":1468,"_1159":1469,"_1008":1470,"_10":1471,"_1163":1472,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1473,"_635":1474,"_599":1475,"_1171":1476},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about the Max Road Miramar Fire in southern Florida, including affected communities, smoke impacts, containment progress, and emergency response efforts.","

Find out more about the Max Road Miramar Fire in southern Florida, including affected communities, smoke impacts, containment progress, and emergency response efforts.

","What is the name and location of the wildfire? As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned across parts of Broward and Miami-Dade in southern Florida near North Krome Avenue and Northwest 186th Street. Flames and smoke were also reported west of U.S. 27 near Max's Fish Camp and Airboat Rides. Fire crews from Miami-Dade Fire Rescue, Broward Sheriff Fire Rescue, and the Florida Forest Service actively responded to the incident.(1) Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire? The cities and areas affected by the Max Road Miramar Fire included: Broward County Holly Lake community Miami-Dade County Miramar Pembroke Pines West of U.S. 27 What is the current containment status of the wildfire? As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned approximately 11,446 acres and was reported to be 100% contained. (2) Containment efforts continued with support from multiple fire rescue agencies, including helicopters conducting water drops and additional engines and water tankers deployed to the area. Officials continued monitoring smoke and fire conditions as crews worked to prevent further wildfire spread. Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place? Authorities urged residents and commuters to avoid the affected areas while wildfire suppression operations continued. Emergency crews monitored conditions near the Holly Lake community in Pembroke Pines due to nearby smoke and flames. Residents near Max Road reported that fire conditions temporarily blocked the only roadway out of the area, raising concerns about evacuation access. Local residents took precautions by spraying down their homes and trailers before emergency crews arrived. Officials also advised individuals with respiratory conditions to remain indoors, keep windows and doors closed, and use recirculated indoor air settings if smoke impacted their area. How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke? Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke. Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. As of May 14, 2026, this fire was 100% contained.","

What is the name and location of the wildfire?

As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned across parts of Broward and Miami-Dade in southern Florida near North Krome Avenue and Northwest 186th Street.

Flames and smoke were also reported west of U.S. 27 near Max's Fish Camp and Airboat Rides.

Fire crews from Miami-Dade Fire Rescue, Broward Sheriff Fire Rescue, and the Florida Forest Service actively responded to the incident.(1)

Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire?

The cities and areas affected by the Max Road Miramar Fire included:

Broward County
Holly Lake community
Miami-Dade County
Miramar
Pembroke Pines
West of U.S. 27

What is the current containment status of the wildfire?

As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned approximately 11,446 acres and was reported to be 100% contained. (2)

Containment efforts continued with support from multiple fire rescue agencies, including helicopters conducting water drops and additional engines and water tankers deployed to the area.

Officials continued monitoring smoke and fire conditions as crews worked to prevent further wildfire spread.

Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place?

Authorities urged residents and commuters to avoid the affected areas while wildfire suppression operations continued.

Emergency crews monitored conditions near the Holly Lake community in Pembroke Pines due to nearby smoke and flames.

Residents near Max Road reported that fire conditions temporarily blocked the only roadway out of the area, raising concerns about evacuation access.

Local residents took precautions by spraying down their homes and trailers before emergency crews arrived. Officials also advised individuals with respiratory conditions to remain indoors, keep windows and doors closed, and use recirculated indoor air settings if smoke impacted their area.

How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke?

Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke.

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n

As of May 14, 2026, this fire was 100% contained.

","wildfire-map-spotlight-max-road-miramar-fire-florida","gid://shopify/Article/641519091790","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/wildfire-map-spotlight-max-road-miramar-fire-florida","2026-05-14T10:35:24Z",[1169,700,1423,725],"Wildfire Map Spotlight: Max Road Miramar Fire, Florida",{"_10":1477,"_202":1478,"_205":1479,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273285513294","Forest wildfire sending thick smoke into the sky","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Wildfire6Desktop_a5a29957-bc27-4f10-adf7-dd15b477d1ef.jpg?v=1778754931",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1481,"_1139":1482,"_1154":1483,"_1156":1484,"_1157":1485,"_1159":1486,"_1008":1487,"_10":1488,"_1163":1489,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1490,"_635":1491,"_599":1492,"_1171":1493},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Santiago records AQI above 160, ranking among the world's most polluted cities. Stagnant air, firewood burning, and valley topography are driving this rare spike. Learn more.","

Santiago records AQI above 160, ranking among the world's most polluted cities. Stagnant air, firewood burning, and valley topography are driving this rare spike. Learn more.

","Is the air quality good in Santiago? As of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time, GMT-4), air quality in Santiago, Chile, has worsened sharply over the past several hours due to a build-up of fine particulate matter combined with poor atmospheric dispersion. The AQI is above 160, classified as \"unhealthy,\" with PM2.5 as the dominant pollutant. These conditions pose serious health risks, particularly for children, the elderly, and those with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. For a complete, real-time view of current pollution levels, see Santiago’s air quality map. While air quality in Santiago is typically moderate, today’s conditions are very poor, with PM2.5 levels reaching 13 times the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. By comparison, Santiago’s 2025 annual average PM2.5 concentration was 18.9 µg/m³, equivalent to an AQI of 65. This means today’s pollution levels are 2.5 times than the city’s annual average, underscoring the unusual and alarming intensity of this pollution episode. Santiago, Chile, ranked among the most polluted major cities globally, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. Air quality map of Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. When will the air quality improve in Santiago? Every winter, Santiago's topography combined with an inverse temperature layer, little rain, and minimal airstream results in a low dispersion rate, insufficient to cope with progressively higher concentrations of pollutants emitted. May marks the beginning of this seasonal deterioration in the Southern Hemisphere. Pollution peaks during colder months, when firewood consumption increases and valley topography limits atmospheric dispersion. Short-term relief depends on favorable weather to break up the inversion layer. Lasting improvement over the coming months will require consistent enforcement of restrictions on wood burning and vehicle emissions during alert episodes (1). Hourly air quality forecast for Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. What is causing poor air quality in Santiago? Santiago is located in a basin bounded by the coastal ranges to its west, the Andean Cordillera to its east, and transversal ranges to its north and south, all of which function as natural barriers against the dispersion of air pollutants. This unfavorable geography is compounded by temperature inversions that restrict vertical mixing in the basin, especially during winter nights when inversion layers range between 200 and 400 m (2). Firewood burning for heating during colder months is a significant driver of PM2.5, and can account for up to 94% of fine particulate matter emissions in some Chilean cities according to the Chilean Ministry of Environment (3). Vehicle exhaust, fossil-fuel-powered energy generation, and construction dust compound the problem year-round, while weak winds and stagnant conditions during autumn and winter prevent pollutants from dispersing, causing rapid accumulation across the metropolitan area (4). How can I protect myself from poor air quality? Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.","

Is the air quality good in Santiago?

As of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time, GMT-4), air quality in Santiago, Chile, has worsened sharply over the past several hours due to a build-up of fine particulate matter combined with poor atmospheric dispersion. The AQI is above 160, classified as \"unhealthy,\" with PM2.5 as the dominant pollutant.

These conditions pose serious health risks, particularly for children, the elderly, and those with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. For a complete, real-time view of current pollution levels, see Santiago’s air quality map.

While air quality in Santiago is typically moderate, today’s conditions are very poor, with PM2.5 levels reaching 13 times the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. By comparison, Santiago’s 2025 annual average PM2.5 concentration was 18.9 µg/m³, equivalent to an AQI of 65. This means today’s pollution levels are 2.5 times than the city’s annual average, underscoring the unusual and alarming intensity of this pollution episode.

$\"\"$ Santiago, Chile, ranked among the most polluted major cities globally, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

$\"\"$ Air quality map of Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

When will the air quality improve in Santiago?

Every winter, Santiago's topography combined with an inverse temperature layer, little rain, and minimal airstream results in a low dispersion rate, insufficient to cope with progressively higher concentrations of pollutants emitted. May marks the beginning of this seasonal deterioration in the Southern Hemisphere.

Pollution peaks during colder months, when firewood consumption increases and valley topography limits atmospheric dispersion. Short-term relief depends on favorable weather to break up the inversion layer. Lasting improvement over the coming months will require consistent enforcement of restrictions on wood burning and vehicle emissions during alert episodes (1).

$\"\"$ Hourly air quality forecast for Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

What is causing poor air quality in Santiago?

Santiago is located in a basin bounded by the coastal ranges to its west, the Andean Cordillera to its east, and transversal ranges to its north and south, all of which function as natural barriers against the dispersion of air pollutants. This unfavorable geography is compounded by temperature inversions that restrict vertical mixing in the basin, especially during winter nights when inversion layers range between 200 and 400 m (2).

Firewood burning for heating during colder months is a significant driver of PM2.5, and can account for up to 94% of fine particulate matter emissions in some Chilean cities according to the Chilean Ministry of Environment (3).

Vehicle exhaust, fossil-fuel-powered energy generation, and construction dust compound the problem year-round, while weak winds and stagnant conditions during autumn and winter prevent pollutants from dispersing, causing rapid accumulation across the metropolitan area (4).

How can I protect myself from poor air quality?

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.

","santiago-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-14-2026","gid://shopify/Article/641540915278","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/santiago-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-14-2026","2026-05-14T06:28:13Z",[1169,700],"May 14, 2026: Santiago among top 10 most polluted cities in the world",{"_10":1494,"_202":-5,"_205":1495,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273287807054","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/SantiagoDesktop_bf3a04c6-3f16-4245-8b19-2d58421d9989.jpg?v=1778768067",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1497,"_1139":1498,"_1154":1499,"_1156":1500,"_1157":1501,"_1159":1502,"_1008":1503,"_10":1504,"_1163":1505,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1506,"_635":1507,"_599":1508,"_1171":1509},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about São Paulo’s current air quality conditions, pollution sources, and expected improvement timeline.","

Find out more about São Paulo’s current air quality conditions, pollution sources, and expected improvement timeline.

","Is the air quality good in São Paulo? As of May 13, 2026, at 10:30 AM (local time), São Paulo, Brazil, is experiencing poor air quality due to urban emissions and stagnant weather. The AQI was 110, classified as \"unhealthy for sensitive groups.\" These conditions can cause respiratory issues, worsen heart problems, and impair lung function, especially for children, the elderly, and those with health vulnerabilities. Air quality is dynamic and, like the weather, can change frequently. São Paulo ranked 4th among the most polluted cities in the world on Wednesday morning. Click here for a real-time air quality map of São Paulo. It is important to keep in mind that the average PM2.5 concentration in 2025 for São Paulo was 12.2 µg/m³, corresponding to an AQI of 50 (“moderate”), and 2.4 times higher than the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. São Paulo, Brazil ranked as the 4th most polluted major city on May 13, 2026 at 10:20 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. When will air quality improve in São Paulo? Air quality is forecasted to improve later in the day as weather conditions become more favorable for pollutant dispersion. Air quality forecast for São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir. Air quality map of São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir. What is causing poor air quality in São Paulo? Poor air quality in São Paulo is being driven by a combination of wildfire smoke, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions. Research published in 2025 found that smoke from fires across Brazil and neighboring regions significantly increased PM2.5 pollution in São Paulo State during dry seasons, especially during periods of drought and extreme heat (1). Vehicle emissions are also a major contributor to pollution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. A 2025 emissions study found that older gasoline and diesel vehicles produced disproportionately high levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate pollution (2). Researchers have also warned that climate change may increase the frequency and severity of pollution episodes in São Paulo due to prolonged droughts and more intense fire seasons (3). How can I protect myself from poor air quality? Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.","

Is the air quality good in São Paulo?

As of May 13, 2026, at 10:30 AM (local time), São Paulo, Brazil, is experiencing poor air quality due to urban emissions and stagnant weather. The AQI was 110, classified as \"unhealthy for sensitive groups.\"

These conditions can cause respiratory issues, worsen heart problems, and impair lung function, especially for children, the elderly, and those with health vulnerabilities.

Air quality is dynamic and, like the weather, can change frequently. São Paulo ranked 4th among the most polluted cities in the world on Wednesday morning.

Click here for a real-time air quality map of São Paulo.

It is important to keep in mind that the average PM2.5 concentration in 2025 for São Paulo was 12.2 µg/m³, corresponding to an AQI of 50 (“moderate”), and 2.4 times higher than the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³.

$\"\"$ São Paulo, Brazil ranked as the 4th most polluted major city on May 13, 2026 at 10:20 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

When will air quality improve in São Paulo?

Air quality is forecasted to improve later in the day as weather conditions become more favorable for pollutant dispersion.

$\"\"$ Air quality forecast for São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir.

$\"\"$ Air quality map of São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir.

What is causing poor air quality in São Paulo?

Poor air quality in São Paulo is being driven by a combination of wildfire smoke, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions.

Research published in 2025 found that smoke from fires across Brazil and neighboring regions significantly increased PM2.5 pollution in São Paulo State during dry seasons, especially during periods of drought and extreme heat (1).

Vehicle emissions are also a major contributor to pollution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. A 2025 emissions study found that older gasoline and diesel vehicles produced disproportionately high levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate pollution (2).

Researchers have also warned that climate change may increase the frequency and severity of pollution episodes in São Paulo due to prolonged droughts and more intense fire seasons (3).

\n\n

How can I protect myself from poor air quality?

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.

","sao-paulo-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-13-2026","gid://shopify/Article/641537376334","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/sao-paulo-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-13-2026","2026-05-13T13:33:42Z",[1169,700],"May 13, 2026: São Paulo among top 10 most polluted cities in the world",{"_10":1510,"_202":1511,"_205":1512,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273268080718","Polluted skies of Sao Paulo","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/SaoPauloDesktop_a52e0d40-c7e5-4d2e-909e-94550cc58f50.jpg?v=1778679729","popular",[1515,1532,1548,1564],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1516,"_1139":1517,"_1154":1518,"_1156":1518,"_1157":1519,"_1159":1520,"_1008":1521,"_10":1522,"_1163":1523,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1524,"_635":1525,"_599":1527,"_1171":1528},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Learn why wildfire smoke poses a health risk to people living far downwind and what you can do to help protect yourself.","When considering the dangers of wildfires, thoughts of fleeing your home while a raging wildfire rapidly approaches can easily consume your imagination. However, the number one cause of death from fires is smoke inhalation. The primary cause of death from wildfires is smoke inhalation. 50 to 80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation. Inhaling smoke damages your body in one or both of the following ways: by robbing it of oxygen through particulate matter irritation Smoke inhalation is particularly dangerous because you may not show symptoms until 24 to 48 hours after exposure. 50–80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation.1 Read on to learn how to help protect the health of yourself and your loved ones, and learn some wildfire smoke safety tips to rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary wildfire safety precautions to reduce the consequences of toxic wildfire smoke. What’s in wildfire smoke? Wildfire smoke is a mixture of thousands of individual compounds, including harmful particles and gases that pose a severe health risk to anyone (including pets) nearby and downwind from a fire. Wildfire smoke often contains: water vapor particulate matter trace minerals carbon dioxide carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide compounds that contribute to elevated ozone (O3) levels volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including acrolein and formaldehyde (potent respiratory irritants) Wildfire smoke often contains fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles that can be absorbed directly into your blood stream and reach any organ or area of your body. Pictured: The typical contents of wildfire smoke, including ultrafine particles (≤ 0.3 microns), PM2.5 (2.5-10 microns), acrolein, PM10 (> 10 microns), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Source: IQAir Wildfire smoke composition depends upon multiple factors, including: the types of wood and vegetation burning the moisture content the fire temperature wind conditions other weather-related influences The primary pollutant threatening the health of those nearby and downwind of a wildfire is particulate matter. Wildfire smoke often contains fine (or PM2.5) and ultrafine particles. These tiny airborne particles are the most dangerous to your health. Fine particles (smaller than 2.5 microns) penetrate deeply into your lungs. The most dangerous are ultrafine particles (smaller than 0.1 microns), which represent 90% of all airborne particles. These particles are tiny and can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream. Once in your blood, they can reach any organ or area of your body. Clean the air with high-performance air filtration Learn more about our wildfire smoke air purifiers Click here Wildfire smoke and at-risk populations Most healthy adults will recover from smoke exposure. However, certain individuals are more at risk for severe health consequences, including:2 Young children. Children whose lungs are still developing are considered more vulnerable, regardless of whether they have a pre-existing condition. Pregnant women. Wildfire smoke inhalation puts pregnant women and their unborn children at a higher risk than the general population. Older adults. This population is at-risk due to an increased rate of pre-existing heart and lung disease. Anyone with a respiratory disease. Individuals with emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD, asthma, or another respiratory disease are at-risk. Individuals with heart disease. Circulatory diseases include high blood pressure, vascular diseases, heart failure, and cerebrovascular conditions. These conditions make sufferers susceptible to heart attacks, transient chest pain, heart failure, stroke, and sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia. Young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with respiratory and cardiovascular pre-existing conditions may find that they experience more severe symptoms and find it harder to breathe.3 The full impact of wildfire smoke is not yet fully understood. A 2017 review in Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology found that there are still important study opportunities for exploring the long-term health implications of smoke exposure, smoke exposure recovery, and additional smoke inhalation health impacts for children.4 Exposure to smoke can be dangerous simply due to the microorganisms within the smoke. A 2020 study in Science magazine noted that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke.5 The study theorizes that infectious disease may be spread as bacteria and fungi become part of smoke’s particulate composition. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke, and infectious disease may be spread as they become part of the smoke’s particulate composition. How wildfire smoke behaves Many factors affect wildfire smoke behavior, such as: weather geographical terrain the stage of the fire wind Use the live, interactive air quality map below to see how weather, wind, and location can impact the behavior of wildfire smoke near you. Windy conditions generally cause smoke to mix with larger volumes of air to lower smoke concentrations. However, strong winds also can spread fires more quickly, causing larger fires with greater impact. Regional weather can be the dominant determinant in how a fire behaves as well as how smoke affects surrounding areas. However, regional weather systems can spread fires quickly and result in larger fires with more smoke generated, creating the potential for even greater impacts. Strong regional weather systems can also dominate a fire’s behavior for days and be the determining factor of where and how smoke will affect an area. Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the Western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe. Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe.6 Wildfire safety tips Wildfire smoke events can occur seemingly without warning. But there are steps you can take to prepare yourself using appropriate safety precautions for wildfires. Keep the air clean in your home. Keep windows and doors closed closed and seal off any openings to the outside, including vents, to help prevent outdoor smoke from getting in. When using an air conditioner, be sure to set it to re-circulate and close the fresh-air intake. Filter the air when ventilating the space. An air purifier for wildfire smoke, will help remove smoke particles of all sizes down to 0.003 microns from the indoor air and help control ozone levels. This is critical if you live in an urban area downwind (even remotely) from wildfires. Stay indoors as much as possible. This tactic is most useful in buildings that effectively stop outdoor air from getting inside. If you need to travel by car to leave or evacuate an area affected by wildfire smoke, use a car air purifier to help keep your vehicle interior air clean as you pass through smoky or polluted areas. You can also use a portable, personal air purifier to access clean air where other air filtration systems are not available. Wear a mask outdoors. Only use an air pollution mask with an N95, KN95, N100, or FFP2 rating to help. Avoid activities that further pollute the indoor air. Avoid burning candles, using the fireplace, or even vacuuming unless you own a high-performance HEPA vacuum cleaner. All of these activities can otherwise become additional sources of indoor air pollutants. Monitor your indoor air quality. Use an air quality monitor to track levels of indoor pollutants like PM2.5 and CO2 from smoke and other indoor pollution sources. Take action if indoor air pollutants rise to dangerous levels by running an air purifier, circulating fresh air through your HVAC system, or leaving your home temporarily if indoor air becomes unsafe to breathe or your home is threatened by wildfire. Use an air quality monitoring app to keep track of pollutants in your environment. The AirVisual app displays real-time hyperlocal data from over 80,000 sensors around the world. The app also tracks up to six key wildfire pollutants, such as PM2.5, CO2, and NO2, so that you have the best picture of your local air quality during a wildfire and can take action to help protect your health. Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. Learn to protect the health of yourself and your family, and rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary precautions. During a wildfire, it’s also important to monitor your local air quality to see how wildfire smoke will affect your outdoor air. The takeaway Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. And while wildfire smoke may be a warning sign of imminent fires, smoke also delivers its own set of risks for people living miles beyond the source. Though smoke pollutants carried on the wind may be invisible, their impacts are felt by those most at risk. Smoke pollutants pose health threats that range from irritation and cough to more serious respiratory and cardiac risks. By helping control smoke pollutants that threaten our indoor air quality through monitoring and air purification, it's possible to help manage wildfire smoke health risks.","

When considering the dangers of wildfires, thoughts of fleeing your home while a raging wildfire rapidly approaches can easily consume your imagination. However, the number one cause of death from fires is smoke inhalation.

The primary cause of death from wildfires is smoke inhalation. 50 to 80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation.

Inhaling smoke damages your body in one or both of the following ways:

by robbing it of oxygen
through particulate matter irritation

Smoke inhalation is particularly dangerous because you may not show symptoms until 24 to 48 hours after exposure. 50–80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation.¹

Read on to learn how to help protect the health of yourself and your loved ones, and learn some wildfire smoke safety tips to rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary wildfire safety precautions to reduce the consequences of toxic wildfire smoke.

What’s in wildfire smoke?

Wildfire smoke is a mixture of thousands of individual compounds, including harmful particles and gases that pose a severe health risk to anyone (including pets) nearby and downwind from a fire.

Wildfire smoke often contains:

\n
water vapor
\n
\n
particulate matter
\n
\n
trace minerals
\n
\n
carbon dioxide
\n
\n
carbon monoxide
\n
\n
nitrogen oxides
\n
\n
hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide compounds that contribute to elevated ozone (O₃) levels
\n
\n
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including acrolein and formaldehyde (potent respiratory irritants)
\n

Wildfire smoke often contains fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles that can be absorbed directly into your blood stream and reach any organ or area of your body.

$\"What's$

Pictured: The typical contents of wildfire smoke, including ultrafine particles (≤ 0.3 microns), PM2.5 (2.5-10 microns), acrolein, PM10 (> 10 microns), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Source: IQAir

Wildfire smoke composition depends upon multiple factors, including:

\n
the types of wood and vegetation burning
\n

\n
the moisture content
\n
\n
the fire temperature
\n
\n
wind conditions
\n
\n
other weather-related influences
\n

The primary pollutant threatening the health of those nearby and downwind of a wildfire is particulate matter. Wildfire smoke often contains fine (or PM2.5) and ultrafine particles. These tiny airborne particles are the most dangerous to your health.

Fine particles (smaller than 2.5 microns) penetrate deeply into your lungs.

The most dangerous are ultrafine particles (smaller than 0.1 microns), which represent 90% of all airborne particles. These particles are tiny and can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream. Once in your blood, they can reach any organ or area of your body.

\n \n

\n\n

Clean the air with high-performance air filtration
Learn more about our wildfire smoke air purifiers

\n\n

Click here

Wildfire smoke and at-risk populations

Most healthy adults will recover from smoke exposure. However, certain individuals are more at risk for severe health consequences, including:²

\n
Young children. Children whose lungs are still developing are considered more vulnerable, regardless of whether they have a pre-existing condition.
\n
\n
Pregnant women. Wildfire smoke inhalation puts pregnant women and their unborn children at a higher risk than the general population.
\n
\n
Older adults. This population is at-risk due to an increased rate of pre-existing heart and lung disease.
\n
\n
Anyone with a respiratory disease. Individuals with emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD, asthma, or another respiratory disease are at-risk.
\n
\n
Individuals with heart disease. Circulatory diseases include high blood pressure, vascular diseases, heart failure, and cerebrovascular conditions. These conditions make sufferers susceptible to heart attacks, transient chest pain, heart failure, stroke, and sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia.
\n

Young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with respiratory and cardiovascular pre-existing conditions may find that they experience more severe symptoms and find it harder to breathe.³

The full impact of wildfire smoke is not yet fully understood. A 2017 review in Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology found that there are still important study opportunities for exploring the long-term health implications of smoke exposure, smoke exposure recovery, and additional smoke inhalation health impacts for children.⁴

Exposure to smoke can be dangerous simply due to the microorganisms within the smoke. A 2020 study in Science magazine noted that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke.⁵ The study theorizes that infectious disease may be spread as bacteria and fungi become part of smoke’s particulate composition.

 Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke, and infectious disease may be spread as they become part of the smoke’s particulate composition.

How wildfire smoke behaves

Many factors affect wildfire smoke behavior, such as:

\n
weather
\n
\n
geographical terrain
\n
\n
the stage of the fire
\n
\n
wind
\n

Use the live, interactive air quality map below to see how weather, wind, and location can impact the behavior of wildfire smoke near you.

$\"placeholder$

Windy conditions generally cause smoke to mix with larger volumes of air to lower smoke concentrations. However, strong winds also can spread fires more quickly, causing larger fires with greater impact.

Regional weather can be the dominant determinant in how a fire behaves as well as how smoke affects surrounding areas. However, regional weather systems can spread fires quickly and result in larger fires with more smoke generated, creating the potential for even greater impacts.

Strong regional weather systems can also dominate a fire’s behavior for days and be the determining factor of where and how smoke will affect an area.

Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the Western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe.

Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe.⁶

Wildfire safety tips

Wildfire smoke events can occur seemingly without warning. But there are steps you can take to prepare yourself using appropriate safety precautions for wildfires.

\n
Keep the air clean in your home. Keep windows and doors closed closed and seal off any openings to the outside, including vents, to help prevent outdoor smoke from getting in. When using an air conditioner, be sure to set it to re-circulate and close the fresh-air intake. Filter the air when ventilating the space. An air purifier for wildfire smoke, will help remove smoke particles of all sizes down to 0.003 microns from the indoor air and help control ozone levels. This is critical if you live in an urban area downwind (even remotely) from wildfires.
\n
\n
Stay indoors as much as possible. This tactic is most useful in buildings that effectively stop outdoor air from getting inside. If you need to travel by car to leave or evacuate an area affected by wildfire smoke, use a car air purifier to help keep your vehicle interior air clean as you pass through smoky or polluted areas. You can also use a portable, personal air purifier to access clean air where other air filtration systems are not available.
\n
\n
Wear a mask outdoors. Only use an air pollution mask with an N95, KN95, N100, or FFP2 rating to help.
\n
\n
Avoid activities that further pollute the indoor air. Avoid burning candles, using the fireplace, or even vacuuming unless you own a high-performance HEPA vacuum cleaner. All of these activities can otherwise become additional sources of indoor air pollutants.
\n
\n
Monitor your indoor air quality. Use an air quality monitor to track levels of indoor pollutants like PM2.5 and CO₂ from smoke and other indoor pollution sources. Take action if indoor air pollutants rise to dangerous levels by running an air purifier, circulating fresh air through your HVAC system, or leaving your home temporarily if indoor air becomes unsafe to breathe or your home is threatened by wildfire.
\n
\n
Use an air quality monitoring app to keep track of pollutants in your environment. The AirVisual app displays real-time hyperlocal data from over 80,000 sensors around the world. The app also tracks up to six key wildfire pollutants, such as PM2.5, CO₂, and NO₂, so that you have the best picture of your local air quality during a wildfire and can take action to help protect your health.
\n

$\"Google$ $\"App$ $\"Android\"$

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. Learn to protect the health of yourself and your family, and rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary precautions.

During a wildfire, it’s also important to monitor your local air quality to see how wildfire smoke will affect your outdoor air.

The takeaway

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. And while wildfire smoke may be a warning sign of imminent fires, smoke also delivers its own set of risks for people living miles beyond the source.

Though smoke pollutants carried on the wind may be invisible, their impacts are felt by those most at risk. Smoke pollutants pose health threats that range from irritation and cough to more serious respiratory and cardiac risks.

By helping control smoke pollutants that threaten our indoor air quality through monitoring and air purification, it's possible to help manage wildfire smoke health risks.

","how-to-protect-yourself-from-wildfire-smoke","gid://shopify/Article/564925399118","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/how-to-protect-yourself-from-wildfire-smoke","2022-12-29T21:46:38Z",[1169,700,1526,725],"Popular articles","How to protect yourself from wildfire smoke",{"_10":1529,"_202":1530,"_205":1531,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269290668110","Wildfire at night in hills","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_21_WildfireDesktop_a_a1b7068f-eca7-44cf-a3d2-95dbd136001a.jpg?v=1749726938",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1533,"_1139":1534,"_1154":1535,"_1156":1535,"_1157":1536,"_1159":1537,"_1008":1538,"_10":1539,"_1163":1540,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1541,"_635":1542,"_599":1543,"_1171":1544},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"How can you know what air purifier manufacturers to trust? Let's look more critically at air purification.","The home air purifier market has undergone many shifts and starts in its decades-long history as an affordable solution for indoor air quality. Along with those shifts have been seemingly ground breaking advancements in filtration technologies that may seem like the next revolution in air purification. But not all air purifiers safely clean the air. Not all air purifiers safely clean the air. Let's take an evidence-based approach to the industry and separate the fact from the fiction. What should I look for in an air purifier? Before we examine the various air purifiers on the market with a critical eye, it’s essential to have a solid understanding of what does make a good air purifier. 1. HEPA filters are the standard for the industry. What is a HEPA filter? High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters capture airborne particles from moving air using a dense, random arrangement of fibers. HEPA filters use the physics of particles moving through air to yank them out of the air flow. Their operation is simple but extremely effective, and HEPA filters are now standard issue for almost every air purifier on the market. But it wasn’t always that way. Air purifiers have been around for well over a century. The first air purification systems appeared in the 1850s in charcoal-based masks used by coal miners. They were designed to keep toxic dust out of their lungs. The technology was so successful that, less than twenty years later, respirators were added to these types of masks to protect firefighters from breathing in smoke chemicals and pollutants (1). Beginning in the 1940s, the United States Atomic Energy Commission started experimenting with high-efficiency particulate arrestance, better known now as HEPA, as a method of shielding soldiers from atomic radiation on World War II battlefields (2). HEPA filters did nothing to filter radiation particles, but researchers quickly learned that HEPA filters could filter out many harmful pollutants. In 1963, Manfred and Klaus Hammes, the founders of IQAir, introduced the world’s first residential air filter based on HEPA technology, helping reduce indoor pollution as well as chronic asthma symptoms. Not long after, HEPA became so widespread that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) required that all filters sold under the name “HEPA” must filter at least 99.97% of airborne particles down to 0.3 microns (3). Since then, HEPA air purification has become the standard for the air purification industry. HEPA is now thrown around as a generic term for air filters, but HEPA filters continue to filter 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 microns. The HyperHEPA filter builds upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems. Many manufacturers, including IQAir, have built upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems. IQAir’s patented HyperHEPAfilter is one such filter. HyperHEPA filters remove 99.5% of particles down to 0.003 microns, which are 100 times smaller than the DOE’s required 0.3-micron particle size. 2. Not all air purifier designs are created equal. All air purifier manufacturers know that their filters need to live up to this HEPA standard. But long-standing, strict guidelines around air filters can provide a false sense of security in HEPA. To advertise an air purifier as HEPA, it only needs to contain HEPA paper, the paper used to construct a HEPA filter. Whether the air purifier’s Total System Efficiency meets HEPA requirements is another story. In fact, most HEPA air purifiers are not tested for total efficiency (4). The hidden factor at work here is leakage. Despite the high efficiency of many HEPA filters, the housing designs of many air purifiers are not airtight. This means that dirty, unfiltered air passes around the HEPA filter through tiny openings, cracks, and space around the frame of the HEPA filter itself or between the frame and the purifier housing (5). So even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, they’re only telling part of the story. In some cases, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less (6). Even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less. Some air purifier manufacturers have resolved this issue with designs that are built to minimize or eliminate leakage. IQAir uses patented 3D UltraSeal knife-edge-in-groove sealing between the filter frame and the purifier housing to guarantee the full efficiency of our HyperHEPA filtration media. 3. Concerned about gas and odors? Go beyond HEPA. While HyperHEPA filters are great at getting particles out of the air, they do NOT take gases and odors out of the air. Unlike particles, the molecules that comprise gases, odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not solid and will float through even the densest HyperHEPA filters. That’s where activated carbon filters come in. How do these filters work? It’s simpler than you might think: Chunks of carbon material (like charcoal) are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. Countless pores open on the carbon surface, increasing the carbon surface area enormously. At this point, a pound of activated carbon can have the same surface area as 100 football fields. Several pounds of activated carbon are arranged in a flat “bed” and packaged in a proprietary filter design (such as IQAir’s V5 Cell gas and odor control filter). Air passes through the activated carbon bed. Gas, chemical, and VOC molecules are adsorbed into the carbon pores, meaning that they chemically bond to the extensive charcoal surface area. Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes (7)(8). Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes. Some air purifiers are designed to maximize activated carbon in case you’re more concerned about, for example, gases from cooking or odors from pets than about particle pollution in your home. IQAir’s GC MultiGas is built for such a purpose—while carbon filters generally use a few pounds of carbon, the GC MultiGas contains 12 pounds of activated carbon as well as impregnated alumina, providing well over 1200 football fields worth of surface area for gas and VOC molecules to adsorb to. The takeaway Now you know that the elements of a good air purifier are: HyperHEPA media for particle filtration No system leakage due to sealed filter and purifier housing Activated carbon for gas and odor filtration But we're not done yet. Just as important to know is what not to look for in an air purifier. What should I avoid in an air purifier? When considering air purifiers, some people wonder about their effectiveness and even potential risks. Question often arise, such as \"Do air purifiers work?\" or \"Are air purifiers effective?\" The answer is that while some air cleaning methods can remove particles and pollutants from the air, their capabilities are often limited. But it's not just about effectiveness. People also ask, \"Are air purifiers bad for you?\" This concern arises from potential hidden costs to your health. It's important to be aware of inefficiencies and any potential risks associated with the air purifier you're considering before making a purchase. So, if you're in the market for an air purifier, remember to ask yourself whether it will be effective at removing pollutants and particles from the air, and whether it poses any risks to your health. Ionizer air purifiers Ionizers are purported to purify air by sending out negatively charged ions (anions) that attract positively charged pollution particles (cations), causing them to leave the air and stick to surfaces like ceilings, walls, and furniture. Many popular air purifiers use ionization technology, also called negative ionization, as a central component of their operation. Research suggests that ionizers can help stop potentially infectious molds and bacteria from spreading in sterile environments like dental clinics and hospitals (9)(10). But there are two critical downsides to ionization (11)(12): Ionizer air purifiersdon’t get rid of pollutants. Particles charged by negative ions aren’t removed from the air—they merely stick to surfaces nearby. This includes surfaces inside your airways, such as your windpipe and alveoli, the sacs of air in your lungs. Pollutant build-up can cause heart, lung, and other respiratory conditions. Ionizer air purifierscan generate harmful ozone. Ionizers produce ozone (O3) that can build up to dangerous levels indoors. At even low levels, indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb (the organ that helps your brain process odors), and even be fatal at high concentrations. Indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb, and even be fatal at high concentrations. Verdict Don't buy an ionizer air purifier.They don’t remove particles from the air, and the ozone they produce can have harmful side effects, even if the purifier claims that they only charge the particles “a little bit.” Ozone Generators It’s worth saying again: ozone is TERRIBLE for you, especially indoor ozone build-up. The health concerns are serious enough that in 2017, California banned the use of ozonehome air purifiers (13). Ozone generators use a process called corona discharge to release ozone molecules into the air. When an ozone molecule intermingles with a particle or gas molecule, an ozone atom clings to the other molecule and blows it up in a process known as oxidation. Oxidation in the atmosphere after a lightning strike is also what makes the air smell so distinct after a thunderstorm. However, ozone generators do little to clean air and are quite bad for you. Here’s just a short (and far from complete) list of reasons why (14)(15)(16)(17)(18): Ozone can take years to fully clear even a small room of gases. Ozone reactions can introduce ultrafine particles (UFPs) into the air.UFPs can get into your lungs and your bloodstream, causing heart disease and even stunting lung development in children. Indoor ozone levels can rise five to ten times above recommended limits,which range from 0.05 to 0.1 parts per million (ppm), because of a lack of ventilation and in combination with outdoor ozone that seeps indoors.To put this in perspective, those who are sensitive to ozone, such as children, people with asthma, and pets, start experiencing health effects at only 0.01 ppm. Even a “safe” ozone generator that emits a small amount of ozone can quickly trigger potentially life-threatening ailments like asthma attacks. Verdict Don’t buy an ozone generator. They’re NOT air purifiers. Not only do they fail to clean your air, they hurt you and the most vulnerable in your home: your children and your pets. UV Light Purifiers Ultraviolet (UV) light is often used to disinfect equipment in hospitals and prevent the spread of harmful strains of bacteria and viruses (19)(20). One of the most common UV purification methods is called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, or UVGI. In UVGI, intense UV lights are shined on bacteria and viruses, damaging their DNA beyond repair. Bacterial cells and viruses then shut themselves down because they can no longer function. This is called apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which effectively destroys their ability to cause infections (21). But UV air purification isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. Here’s why(22) (23) (24) (25) (26): Bacteria and viruses need to be exposed to UV light for a certain amount of timebefore they’re rendered harmless: some strains need to be treated with UV for several hours in direct UV light before they’re destroyed.Home UV air purifiers don’t shine UV light on them long enough to be genuinely useful. Some bacteria can come back to life and become infectious again even after being disinfected by UV light. UV lights do nothing for pollutant particles.Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter, like PM10 and PM2.5. Many UV air purifiers produce ozone. UV light can burn your skin and damage your eyes. Sure, most UV purifiers block the light from shining out of the purifier, but even brief UV exposure can cause permanent skin and eye damage as well as cancer. Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter. Verdict Don’t buy a UV light air purifier. UV light somewhat disinfects but doesn’t purify air, and research shows that UV’s disinfection potential for air may be exaggerated. What do I do now? At this point, you should feel like you have a good sense of what’s fact and what’s fiction when it comes to a truly effective air purification system. So, what should you do now, armed with your knowledge of what makes a good air purifier? You have a multitude of options for maximizing your indoor air quality: Get a HyperHEPA air purifier. Patented HyperHEPA filtration technology removes 99.5% of pollutant particles down to 0.003 microns, the smallest particles in existence. Use advanced gas-phase filtration. Patented V5 Cell gas and odor control filters, used in HealthPro Series air purifiers, eliminateharmful chemicals and compounds with five pounds of activated carbon. The GC MultiGas features 12 pounds of activated carbon and impregnated alumina to help protect you against indoor gases and chemicals, in addition to our powerful HyperHEPA particle filtration. Use a personal air purifier. Atem Series personal air purifiers are equipped with HyperHEPA filtration technology and a PureJet diffuser that instantly blankets you in clean air. They’re sleek, compact, and portable, allowing you to breathe virtually pure air anytime, anywhere. Install a whole-house air purifier. Your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system at home uses outdoor air to heat and cool your home, so even with an indoor air purifier, your air still might become polluted by outdoor particulates on days with poor air quality. The PerfectPro Series whole-house air purifier is equipped with the most powerful HyperHEPA filters available for a residential air purification systems. It fits seamlessly into your existing HVAC system, ensuring that air entering your home is always up to the highest possible standard of quality. Still not sure? Read about some of the misconceptions that surround air purification technology. Use our Help Me Choose tool to see what air purifier may work best for your indoor air quality needs. The most capable air purification technology is always backed by evidence-based facts and science. When it comes to choosing the best air purifier, science has got your back.","

The home air purifier market has undergone many shifts and starts in its decades-long history as an affordable solution for indoor air quality. Along with those shifts have been seemingly ground breaking advancements in filtration technologies that may seem like the next revolution in air purification.

But not all air purifiers safely clean the air.

Not all air purifiers safely clean the air.

Let's take an evidence-based approach to the industry and separate the fact from the fiction.

What should I look for in an air purifier?

Before we examine the various air purifiers on the market with a critical eye, it’s essential to have a solid understanding of what does make a good air purifier.

$\"Air$

1. HEPA filters are the standard for the industry.

What is a HEPA filter?

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters capture airborne particles from moving air using a dense, random arrangement of fibers. HEPA filters use the physics of particles moving through air to yank them out of the air flow. Their operation is simple but extremely effective, and HEPA filters are now standard issue for almost every air purifier on the market.

But it wasn’t always that way.

Air purifiers have been around for well over a century. The first air purification systems appeared in the 1850s in charcoal-based masks used by coal miners. They were designed to keep toxic dust out of their lungs. The technology was so successful that, less than twenty years later, respirators were added to these types of masks to protect firefighters from breathing in smoke chemicals and pollutants (1).

Beginning in the 1940s, the United States Atomic Energy Commission started experimenting with high-efficiency particulate arrestance, better known now as HEPA, as a method of shielding soldiers from atomic radiation on World War II battlefields (2).

HEPA filters did nothing to filter radiation particles, but researchers quickly learned that HEPA filters could filter out many harmful pollutants.

In 1963, Manfred and Klaus Hammes, the founders of IQAir, introduced the world’s first residential air filter based on HEPA technology, helping reduce indoor pollution as well as chronic asthma symptoms. Not long after, HEPA became so widespread that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) required that all filters sold under the name “HEPA” must filter at least 99.97% of airborne particles down to 0.3 microns (3).

Since then, HEPA air purification has become the standard for the air purification industry. HEPA is now thrown around as a generic term for air filters, but HEPA filters continue to filter 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 microns.

The HyperHEPA filter builds upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems.

Many manufacturers, including IQAir, have built upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems. IQAir’s patented HyperHEPAfilter is one such filter. HyperHEPA filters remove 99.5% of particles down to 0.003 microns, which are 100 times smaller than the DOE’s required 0.3-micron particle size.

2. Not all air purifier designs are created equal.

All air purifier manufacturers know that their filters need to live up to this HEPA standard. But long-standing, strict guidelines around air filters can provide a false sense of security in HEPA.

To advertise an air purifier as HEPA, it only needs to contain HEPA paper, the paper used to construct a HEPA filter. Whether the air purifier’s Total System Efficiency meets HEPA requirements is another story. In fact, most HEPA air purifiers are not tested for total efficiency (4).

The hidden factor at work here is leakage. Despite the high efficiency of many HEPA filters, the housing designs of many air purifiers are not airtight. This means that dirty, unfiltered air passes around the HEPA filter through tiny openings, cracks, and space around the frame of the HEPA filter itself or between the frame and the purifier housing (5).

So even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, they’re only telling part of the story. In some cases, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less (6).

Even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less.

Some air purifier manufacturers have resolved this issue with designs that are built to minimize or eliminate leakage. IQAir uses patented 3D UltraSeal knife-edge-in-groove sealing between the filter frame and the purifier housing to guarantee the full efficiency of our HyperHEPA filtration media.

3. Concerned about gas and odors? Go beyond HEPA.

While HyperHEPA filters are great at getting particles out of the air, they do NOT take gases and odors out of the air.

Unlike particles, the molecules that comprise gases, odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not solid and will float through even the densest HyperHEPA filters. That’s where activated carbon filters come in.

How do these filters work? It’s simpler than you might think:

Chunks of carbon material (like charcoal) are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen.
Countless pores open on the carbon surface, increasing the carbon surface area enormously. At this point, a pound of activated carbon can have the same surface area as 100 football fields.
Several pounds of activated carbon are arranged in a flat “bed” and packaged in a proprietary filter design (such as IQAir’s V5 Cell gas and odor control filter).
Air passes through the activated carbon bed.
Gas, chemical, and VOC molecules are adsorbed into the carbon pores, meaning that they chemically bond to the extensive charcoal surface area.

Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes (7)(8).

Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes.

Some air purifiers are designed to maximize activated carbon in case you’re more concerned about, for example, gases from cooking or odors from pets than about particle pollution in your home. IQAir’s GC MultiGas is built for such a purpose—while carbon filters generally use a few pounds of carbon, the GC MultiGas contains 12 pounds of activated carbon as well as impregnated alumina, providing well over 1200 football fields worth of surface area for gas and VOC molecules to adsorb to.

The takeaway

Now you know that the elements of a good air purifier are:

\nHyperHEPA media for particle filtration
\nNo system leakage due to sealed filter and purifier housing
\nActivated carbon for gas and odor filtration

But we're not done yet. Just as important to know is what not to look for in an air purifier.

What should I avoid in an air purifier?

When considering air purifiers, some people wonder about their effectiveness and even potential risks. Question often arise, such as \"Do air purifiers work?\" or \"Are air purifiers effective?\" The answer is that while some air cleaning methods can remove particles and pollutants from the air, their capabilities are often limited.

But it's not just about effectiveness. People also ask, \"Are air purifiers bad for you?\" This concern arises from potential hidden costs to your health. It's important to be aware of inefficiencies and any potential risks associated with the air purifier you're considering before making a purchase.

So, if you're in the market for an air purifier, remember to ask yourself whether it will be effective at removing pollutants and particles from the air, and whether it poses any risks to your health.

Ionizer air purifiers

Ionizers are purported to purify air by sending out negatively charged ions (anions) that attract positively charged pollution particles (cations), causing them to leave the air and stick to surfaces like ceilings, walls, and furniture.

Many popular air purifiers use ionization technology, also called negative ionization, as a central component of their operation. Research suggests that ionizers can help stop potentially infectious molds and bacteria from spreading in sterile environments like dental clinics and hospitals (9)(10).

But there are two critical downsides to ionization (11)(12):

\nIonizer air purifiersdon’t get rid of pollutants. Particles charged by negative ions aren’t removed from the air—they merely stick to surfaces nearby. This includes surfaces inside your airways, such as your windpipe and alveoli, the sacs of air in your lungs. Pollutant build-up can cause heart, lung, and other respiratory conditions.
\nIonizer air purifierscan generate harmful ozone. Ionizers produce ozone (O3) that can build up to dangerous levels indoors. At even low levels, indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb (the organ that helps your brain process odors), and even be fatal at high concentrations. \n

Indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb, and even be fatal at high concentrations.

Verdict

Don't buy an ionizer air purifier.They don’t remove particles from the air, and the ozone they produce can have harmful side effects, even if the purifier claims that they only charge the particles “a little bit.”

Ozone Generators

It’s worth saying again: ozone is TERRIBLE for you, especially indoor ozone build-up. The health concerns are serious enough that in 2017, California banned the use of ozonehome air purifiers (13).

Ozone generators use a process called corona discharge to release ozone molecules into the air. When an ozone molecule intermingles with a particle or gas molecule, an ozone atom clings to the other molecule and blows it up in a process known as oxidation. Oxidation in the atmosphere after a lightning strike is also what makes the air smell so distinct after a thunderstorm.

However, ozone generators do little to clean air and are quite bad for you. Here’s just a short (and far from complete) list of reasons why (14)(15)(16)(17)(18):

\nOzone can take years to fully clear even a small room of gases.
\nOzone reactions can introduce ultrafine particles (UFPs) into the air.UFPs can get into your lungs and your bloodstream, causing heart disease and even stunting lung development in children.
\nIndoor ozone levels can rise five to ten times above recommended limits,which range from 0.05 to 0.1 parts per million (ppm), because of a lack of ventilation and in combination with outdoor ozone that seeps indoors.To put this in perspective, those who are sensitive to ozone, such as children, people with asthma, and pets, start experiencing health effects at only 0.01 ppm. Even a “safe” ozone generator that emits a small amount of ozone can quickly trigger potentially life-threatening ailments like asthma attacks.

Verdict

Don’t buy an ozone generator. They’re NOT air purifiers. Not only do they fail to clean your air, they hurt you and the most vulnerable in your home: your children and your pets.

UV Light Purifiers

Ultraviolet (UV) light is often used to disinfect equipment in hospitals and prevent the spread of harmful strains of bacteria and viruses (19)(20).

One of the most common UV purification methods is called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, or UVGI.

In UVGI, intense UV lights are shined on bacteria and viruses, damaging their DNA beyond repair. Bacterial cells and viruses then shut themselves down because they can no longer function. This is called apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which effectively destroys their ability to cause infections (21).

But UV air purification isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. Here’s why(22) (23) (24) (25) (26):

\nBacteria and viruses need to be exposed to UV light for a certain amount of timebefore they’re rendered harmless: some strains need to be treated with UV for several hours in direct UV light before they’re destroyed.Home UV air purifiers don’t shine UV light on them long enough to be genuinely useful.
\nSome bacteria can come back to life and become infectious again even after being disinfected by UV light.
\nUV lights do nothing for pollutant particles.Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter, like PM10 and PM2.5.
Many UV air purifiers produce ozone.
\nUV light can burn your skin and damage your eyes. Sure, most UV purifiers block the light from shining out of the purifier, but even brief UV exposure can cause permanent skin and eye damage as well as cancer.

Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter.

Verdict

Don’t buy a UV light air purifier. UV light somewhat disinfects but doesn’t purify air, and research shows that UV’s disinfection potential for air may be exaggerated.

What do I do now?

At this point, you should feel like you have a good sense of what’s fact and what’s fiction when it comes to a truly effective air purification system.

So, what should you do now, armed with your knowledge of what makes a good air purifier? You have a multitude of options for maximizing your indoor air quality:

\nGet a HyperHEPA air purifier. Patented HyperHEPA filtration technology removes 99.5% of pollutant particles down to 0.003 microns, the smallest particles in existence.
\nUse advanced gas-phase filtration.\n
- Patented V5 Cell gas and odor control filters, used in HealthPro Series air purifiers, eliminateharmful chemicals and compounds with five pounds of activated carbon.
- The GC MultiGas features 12 pounds of activated carbon and impregnated alumina to help protect you against indoor gases and chemicals, in addition to our powerful HyperHEPA particle filtration.
\n
\nUse a personal air purifier. Atem Series personal air purifiers are equipped with HyperHEPA filtration technology and a PureJet diffuser that instantly blankets you in clean air. They’re sleek, compact, and portable, allowing you to breathe virtually pure air anytime, anywhere.
\nInstall a whole-house air purifier. Your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system at home uses outdoor air to heat and cool your home, so even with an indoor air purifier, your air still might become polluted by outdoor particulates on days with poor air quality. The PerfectPro Series whole-house air purifier is equipped with the most powerful HyperHEPA filters available for a residential air purification systems. It fits seamlessly into your existing HVAC system, ensuring that air entering your home is always up to the highest possible standard of quality.

Still not sure? Read about some of the misconceptions that surround air purification technology. Use our Help Me Choose tool to see what air purifier may work best for your indoor air quality needs.

The most capable air purification technology is always backed by evidence-based facts and science. When it comes to choosing the best air purifier, science has got your back.

","do-air-purifiers-work-air-purifier-myths-and-facts-debunked","gid://shopify/Article/564925431886","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/do-air-purifiers-work-air-purifier-myths-and-facts-debunked","2022-01-02T14:14:32Z",[912,715,1526],"Do air purifiers work? Air purifier myths and facts debunked",{"_10":1545,"_202":1546,"_205":1547,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/270220755022","Close-up of what appears to be a room air purifier with some plants in the background (another indoor air purifying tool that has been shown to be ineffective in improving indoor air quality).","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_misconceptions-about-air-purifiers_993189ad-b0e5-4283-84af-8cf2c530fc4d.jpg?v=1758212556",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1549,"_1139":1550,"_1154":1551,"_1156":1551,"_1157":1552,"_1159":1553,"_1008":1554,"_10":1555,"_1163":1556,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1557,"_635":1558,"_599":1559,"_1171":1560},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"They look great on your nightstand, but are they worth their salt as air purifiers? Learn more.","Himalayan salt lamps DO NOT purify indoor air.These trendy little lamps consist of a light bulb placed inside a chunk of pink Himalayan salt. They’re easily recognized by their hand-carved, often stylized shapes and dim, pinkish glow they emit when light shines through them.They’ve been gaining popularity for years, mostly because their distinct color and unique appearance make them attractive objects for interior decoration, and their glow can add a pleasing atmosphere to a room.But their recent rise in popularity as “natural” air purifiers should trouble you.A host of (often misleading) studies supporting the use of salt in treating respiratory conditions have escalated demand for these little pink things, especially within the well-primed alternative medicine market, full of people who may already be seeking home remedies for all sorts of health conditions and indoor environmental issues when modern medicine hasn’t seemed to help.And you shouldn’t buy a Himalayan salt lamp to purify your air for one major reason: they’re negative ionizers, and negative ionization is one of the most absurd air purification myths ever devised.Why are Himalayan salt lamps bad for air quality?Again, two words: negative ionization.If you ever hear the words “ionization” (in one form or another) and “air purification” in the same sentence, you should run in the opposite direction.In the context of air purification, negative ionization happens when negatively charged particles attach themselves, or “charge,” pollutant particles in the air, effectively removing them from ambient air by causing them to stick to nearby surfaces.This phenomenon also occurs in nature – know that distinct smell in the air after a thunderstorm? That’s the result of “atmospheric space charge” as air ions are generated by the electric fields of storms.1 Many air purifiers and purification devices sold in stores, including Himalayan salt lamps and a variety of “air ionizers,” artificially produce high voltage to achieve this same effect.The problem with negative ionization, though, is that it doesn’t actually remove pollutants from your indoor air – it just causes the particles to adhere themselves to nearby surfaces, where they’re easily stirred up by indoor activities like dusting, vacuuming, and ventilation.Charged particles can also stick to your respiratory tract, where charged particles can settle in your windpipe and lungs and cause even more harm that if they’d just remained in the air. Studies show that these particles can penetrate deep into your respiratory system and cause both heart and lung conditions.2The average, nightstand-sized Himalayan salt lamp generates only a small number of negative ions into the air, so you may not notice any tangible change in your air quality or health, at least immediately. But these lamps can be huge: you can buy salt lamps that weight up to 300 pounds for thousands of dollars, and their ionization effects may have a more noticeable effect on your air, especially if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have a much harder time getting out.And negative ionizers have another dark secret: they can also create indoor ozone (O3).There are two main types of ozone: Stratospheric ozone: Alayer of ozone occurs naturally several miles up in the atmosphere, where it protects the surface of the earth (and people’s skin) from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Tropospheric ozone: Also called ground-level ozone or smog, ground-level ozone tends to develop when heat from sunlight reacts with chemicals near the ground, many of which are produced by emissions from vehicle exhaust and factory smoke. Negative ionization can generate tropospheric ozone indoors. While stratospheric ozone has no interaction with us in the lower atmosphere, ground-level ozone is far more harmful when it builds up to high levels. And perhaps one of the starkest examples of ground-level ozone is one that millions of us know very well – the smog that forms in major cities during rush hour.If you live near a freeway, dense urban center, or even at a high elevation where you can see the area around an urban area. A few hours or less after rush hour begins and the sun begins to rise, you’ll start to notice a visible layer of haze build up. This is ground-level ozone, and even though it’s a typical feature of modern life, extensive research shows that it causes a plethora of immediate symptoms, including: Coughing Wheezing Trouble breathing Stuffy nose Dizziness Tingling in arms and legs Fever3,4 Further research suggests that ozone is also responsible for long-term health problems, such as asthma, heart disease, and lung disease. Emerging studies on rats also suggest that ozone could cause seizures and blindness.So even though you may not get rush-hour levels of ozone in your home from a salt lamp, indoor ozone buildup can indeed cause some disruptive health effects if you don’t follow best practices for good Indoor Air Quality.So what’s so special about Himalayan salt?So how did someone come up with the idea that Himalayan salt lamps have any health effects at all?The story stretches back millennia. Truly authentic Himalayan salt comes from the Khewra salt reserves in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Salt mined here is thought to be millions of years old and contain numerous minerals.Salt lamps have been proposed for use in treatments for conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of their purported therapeutic effects on your respiratory system. This treatment even has a clinical term: halotherapy, based on an ages-old respiratory treatment technique known as speleotherapy. First used in Eastern Europe, speleotherapy consists of spending time in a salt cave, where four environmental conditions are thought to help reduce symptoms of respiratory illness:5 Stable air temperature Moderate to high humidity Presence of aerosol elements, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium Lack of airborne pollutants Halotherapy takes the notion that salt cave environments are good for respiratory health by having people inhale small amounts of salt particles that are released into the ambient air of a controlled room to “reproduce” a salt cave’s microclimate. But there’s no conclusive evidence that either speleotherapy or halotherapy actually relieve respiratory symptoms.6Take the claims with a grain of...well, saltSo here’s the takeaway: We’re not saying you shouldn’t get a Himalayan salt lamp. Their dim glow can be quite soothing at night when you’re trying to fall asleep.But they don’t purify air. And “air purifiers” that emits ions and ozone may make your indoor air quality worse, introduce new health problems, and exacerbate existing ones.You can take many precautions to monitorand keep your indoor air clean, but buying a salt lamp isn’t one of them. Try these proven methods instead: Be aware of your indoor air quality. The AirVisual Series consists of portable air quality monitors that use cutting-edge laser technology to give you real-time measurements of key pollutants, including particulate matter. AirVisual Series also provides 72-hour historical and forecast data so that you can know exactly when and why your indoor air quality changes. Control sources of poor indoor air quality. If you’re thinking about buying a salt lamp to purify your air, chances are that you do have air quality issues that you may be able to do something about. The first step to improving your indoor indoor air quality is source control.This means eliminating individual sources of pollution or reducing their emissions. Regularly clean your HVAC system ducts. Install a whole-house air purifier into your HVAC system to reduce indoor pollutants by up to 95%. Replace water-damaged areas of your home to prevent mold and dust mites. Keep paints, solvents, and other chemicals in well-ventilated areas. Ventilate your home. Let in fresh air regularly to lower the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. This is especially important if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have nowhere to go and thus build up to dangerous levels. Open doors and windows when outdoor air quality is good. Use a range hood for your stove to capture gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cooking. Use an air purifier with HyperHEPA technology. The IQAir HealthPro Plusis the best air purifier for even the smallest pollutant particles, removing up to 99.5% of particulates down to 0.003 microns, like viruses and ultrafine particles from vehicle exhaust. The Atempersonal air purifier can also provide pure, pollutant-free air directly into your personal breathing zone. Sure, a salt lamp can be a nice accessory and bring some calm into your home. But there’s plenty you can do to actually keep your indoor air clean and bring yourself some peace of mind knowing that your home is a clean air sanctuary.","

Himalayan salt lamps DO NOT purify indoor air.

These trendy little lamps consist of a light bulb placed inside a chunk of pink Himalayan salt. They’re easily recognized by their hand-carved, often stylized shapes and dim, pinkish glow they emit when light shines through them.

They’ve been gaining popularity for years, mostly because their distinct color and unique appearance make them attractive objects for interior decoration, and their glow can add a pleasing atmosphere to a room.

But their recent rise in popularity as “natural” air purifiers should trouble you.

A host of (often misleading) studies supporting the use of salt in treating respiratory conditions have escalated demand for these little pink things, especially within the well-primed alternative medicine market, full of people who may already be seeking home remedies for all sorts of health conditions and indoor environmental issues when modern medicine hasn’t seemed to help.

And you shouldn’t buy a Himalayan salt lamp to purify your air for one major reason: they’re negative ionizers, and negative ionization is one of the most absurd air purification myths ever devised.

Why are Himalayan salt lamps bad for air quality?

Again, two words: negative ionization.

If you ever hear the words “ionization” (in one form or another) and “air purification” in the same sentence, you should run in the opposite direction.

In the context of air purification, negative ionization happens when negatively charged particles attach themselves, or “charge,” pollutant particles in the air, effectively removing them from ambient air by causing them to stick to nearby surfaces.

This phenomenon also occurs in nature – know that distinct smell in the air after a thunderstorm? That’s the result of “atmospheric space charge” as air ions are generated by the electric fields of storms.¹ Many air purifiers and purification devices sold in stores, including Himalayan salt lamps and a variety of “air ionizers,” artificially produce high voltage to achieve this same effect.

The problem with negative ionization, though, is that it doesn’t actually remove pollutants from your indoor air – it just causes the particles to adhere themselves to nearby surfaces, where they’re easily stirred up by indoor activities like dusting, vacuuming, and ventilation.

Charged particles can also stick to your respiratory tract, where charged particles can settle in your windpipe and lungs and cause even more harm that if they’d just remained in the air. Studies show that these particles can penetrate deep into your respiratory system and cause both heart and lung conditions.²

The average, nightstand-sized Himalayan salt lamp generates only a small number of negative ions into the air, so you may not notice any tangible change in your air quality or health, at least immediately. But these lamps can be huge: you can buy salt lamps that weight up to 300 pounds for thousands of dollars, and their ionization effects may have a more noticeable effect on your air, especially if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have a much harder time getting out.

And negative ionizers have another dark secret: they can also create indoor ozone (O₃).

There are two main types of ozone:

\nStratospheric ozone: Alayer of ozone occurs naturally several miles up in the atmosphere, where it protects the surface of the earth (and people’s skin) from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
\nTropospheric ozone: Also called ground-level ozone or smog, ground-level ozone tends to develop when heat from sunlight reacts with chemicals near the ground, many of which are produced by emissions from vehicle exhaust and factory smoke.

Negative ionization can generate tropospheric ozone indoors. While stratospheric ozone has no interaction with us in the lower atmosphere, ground-level ozone is far more harmful when it builds up to high levels. And perhaps one of the starkest examples of ground-level ozone is one that millions of us know very well – the smog that forms in major cities during rush hour.

If you live near a freeway, dense urban center, or even at a high elevation where you can see the area around an urban area. A few hours or less after rush hour begins and the sun begins to rise, you’ll start to notice a visible layer of haze build up. This is ground-level ozone, and even though it’s a typical feature of modern life, extensive research shows that it causes a plethora of immediate symptoms, including:

Coughing
Wheezing
Trouble breathing
Stuffy nose
Dizziness
Tingling in arms and legs
Fever^3,4\n

Further research suggests that ozone is also responsible for long-term health problems, such as asthma, heart disease, and lung disease. Emerging studies on rats also suggest that ozone could cause seizures and blindness.

So even though you may not get rush-hour levels of ozone in your home from a salt lamp, indoor ozone buildup can indeed cause some disruptive health effects if you don’t follow best practices for good Indoor Air Quality.

So what’s so special about Himalayan salt?

So how did someone come up with the idea that Himalayan salt lamps have any health effects at all?

The story stretches back millennia. Truly authentic Himalayan salt comes from the Khewra salt reserves in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Salt mined here is thought to be millions of years old and contain numerous minerals.

Salt lamps have been proposed for use in treatments for conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of their purported therapeutic effects on your respiratory system. This treatment even has a clinical term: halotherapy, based on an ages-old respiratory treatment technique known as speleotherapy. First used in Eastern Europe, speleotherapy consists of spending time in a salt cave, where four environmental conditions are thought to help reduce symptoms of respiratory illness:⁵

Stable air temperature
Moderate to high humidity
Presence of aerosol elements, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium
Lack of airborne pollutants

Halotherapy takes the notion that salt cave environments are good for respiratory health by having people inhale small amounts of salt particles that are released into the ambient air of a controlled room to “reproduce” a salt cave’s microclimate. But there’s no conclusive evidence that either speleotherapy or halotherapy actually relieve respiratory symptoms.⁶

Take the claims with a grain of...well, salt

So here’s the takeaway: We’re not saying you shouldn’t get a Himalayan salt lamp. Their dim glow can be quite soothing at night when you’re trying to fall asleep.

But they don’t purify air. And “air purifiers” that emits ions and ozone may make your indoor air quality worse, introduce new health problems, and exacerbate existing ones.

You can take many precautions to monitorand keep your indoor air clean, but buying a salt lamp isn’t one of them. Try these proven methods instead:

\nBe aware of your indoor air quality. The AirVisual Series consists of portable air quality monitors that use cutting-edge laser technology to give you real-time measurements of key pollutants, including particulate matter. AirVisual Series also provides 72-hour historical and forecast data so that you can know exactly when and why your indoor air quality changes.
\nControl sources of poor indoor air quality. If you’re thinking about buying a salt lamp to purify your air, chances are that you do have air quality issues that you may be able to do something about. The first step to improving your indoor indoor air quality is source control.This means eliminating individual sources of pollution or reducing their emissions.\n\n\t
- Regularly clean your HVAC system ducts. Install a whole-house air purifier into your HVAC system to reduce indoor pollutants by up to 95%.
- Replace water-damaged areas of your home to prevent mold and dust mites.
- Keep paints, solvents, and other chemicals in well-ventilated areas.
\n\n\t
\nVentilate your home. Let in fresh air regularly to lower the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. This is especially important if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have nowhere to go and thus build up to dangerous levels.\n\n\t
- Open doors and windows when outdoor air quality is good.
- Use a range hood for your stove to capture gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cooking.
\n\n\t
\nUse an air purifier with HyperHEPA technology. The IQAir HealthPro Plusis the best air purifier for even the smallest pollutant particles, removing up to 99.5% of particulates down to 0.003 microns, like viruses and ultrafine particles from vehicle exhaust. The Atempersonal air purifier can also provide pure, pollutant-free air directly into your personal breathing zone.

Sure, a salt lamp can be a nice accessory and bring some calm into your home. But there’s plenty you can do to actually keep your indoor air clean and bring yourself some peace of mind knowing that your home is a clean air sanctuary.
\n\n

","himalayan-salt-lamp-debunked","gid://shopify/Article/564925366350","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/himalayan-salt-lamp-debunked","2019-06-17T13:49:29Z",[1169,715,1526],"Himalayan salt lamps: Worth their salt?",{"_10":1561,"_202":1562,"_205":1563,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269475545166","Why are Himalayan salt lamps bad for air quality?","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_HimalayanSalt_061419_750_0b979b61-4b6f-4eeb-8061-88996d52278e.jpg?v=1751543619",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1565,"_1139":1566,"_1154":1567,"_1156":1567,"_1157":1568,"_1159":1569,"_1008":1570,"_10":1571,"_1163":1572,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1573,"_635":1574,"_599":1575,"_1171":1576},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Learn more how scented candles release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit — and can harm your health.","Are scented candles bad for you?Burning a scented candle is a popular way to create a pleasant ambiance at home. Scents such aslavender, jasmine, and sandalwood can be relaxing and invigorating. During the holidays, many people find the warm glow and aroma of pine, gingerbread, or cinnamon makes a room feel more festive.Unfortunately, most mass-produced scented candles can have a negative impact on indoor air quality. From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.So while you and your family may enjoy the fragrance of scented candles in your home, they may be harmful to your health. Read on to learn why some candles are bad for you.Paraffin waxAre paraffin wax candles safe? In what way can wax be harmful?According to a 2017 study in the International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, paraffin candles emit pollutants that can threaten human health and shouldn’t be burned in enclosed areas (1).Most candles are made from paraffin, a petroleum byproduct. To create paraffin wax candles, petroleum waste is chemically bleached, deodorized, and made into wax. When burned, paraffin wax can release toxicvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including known carcinogens like: alkenes acetone benzene toluene These are the same chemicals found in diesel fuel emissions and are known to cause allergies, asthma attacks, and skin problems.A 2005 study published by the University of South Florida showed that candles made of paraffin wax emit low levels of benzene even when they are not lit (2).Is burning candles bad for you?In addition to releasing toxic chemicals, burning paraffin wax produces soot composed of particulate matter such as, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles that can remain suspended in the air for hours. According to the University of South Florida study, ultrafine soot particles are similar to diesel exhaust in both their size and composition. They penetrate deeply into the lungs and are absorbed into the blood stream (3).A 2000 study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that soot emissions from candles are significantly higher after wax breakthrough occurs and when a candle is smoldering (4).Ultrafine particles are associated with severe health issues, including: allergies asthma COPD (5) respiratory tract infections heart attacks strokes cancer So, are candles bad for your health? Not all candles produce the same amount of air pollutants. A 2002 study published in theJournal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society found that soywax, much like beeswax candles, burned at a significantly lower rate and resulted in less soot than paraffin candles (6).Chemical fragrancesAnother problem with scented candles is that the chemicals they use to create a pleasing aroma are generally far from wholesome.Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature.Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature. Commonly emitted VOCs related to the scent in candles include (7): formaldehyde petroleum distillates limonene alcohol esters These harmful chemicals can cause health problems, such as: headaches dizziness allergy symptoms asthma attacks respiratory tract infections cancer Cored wicksMany candles have cored wicks made from cotton that are wrapped around a metal support. The design helps keep the wick from falling over into the wax. This is especially useful for scented candles because the fragrance oils soften the wax and allow non-cored wicks to go limp.Are candles toxic? If they have lead in them, possibly. Lead was once commonly used in cored candlewicks — especially in candles imported from overseas. However, after determining that these wicks could present a lead poisoning hazard to young children, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the manufacture and sale of all candles with lead-core wicks in 2003 (8). Zinc and tin have been used as a substitute since the ban.All metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned.However, all metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned. Wicks with zinc and tin cores can still release small amounts of lead particles (9,10).Safer alternativesTo limit soot stains and poor air quality in your home, you should avoid or restrict the use of candles (11).If you still crave the pleasant ambiance and aroma of scented candles, here are safer ways to scent the air: Use essential oils for fragrance.Essential oils can be placed in a diffuser or in bathwater to create a desired aroma. Simmer spices.Place spices such as cinnamon sticks, cloves, and nutmeg in a pot of water and let it simmer on the stove. Create potpourri.Dried items such as flowers, berries, fruit rinds, wood chips, and spices can be placed in bowls or fabric bags and placed around your home. The takeawayLighting scented candles may seem like a relaxing way to enjoy your home. But burning scented candles releases VOC pollutants and worsens your home’s indoor air quality. Although fragrances from safer alternatives like essential oils can be pleasant, trulyclean air smells like nothing at all.","

Are scented candles bad for you?

Burning a scented candle is a popular way to create a pleasant ambiance at home. Scents such aslavender, jasmine, and sandalwood can be relaxing and invigorating. During the holidays, many people find the warm glow and aroma of pine, gingerbread, or cinnamon makes a room feel more festive.

Unfortunately, most mass-produced scented candles can have a negative impact on indoor air quality. From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.

From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.

So while you and your family may enjoy the fragrance of scented candles in your home, they may be harmful to your health. Read on to learn why some candles are bad for you.

Paraffin wax

Are paraffin wax candles safe? In what way can wax be harmful?

According to a 2017 study in the International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, paraffin candles emit pollutants that can threaten human health and shouldn’t be burned in enclosed areas (1).

Most candles are made from paraffin, a petroleum byproduct. To create paraffin wax candles, petroleum waste is chemically bleached, deodorized, and made into wax. When burned, paraffin wax can release toxicvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including known carcinogens like:

alkenes
acetone
benzene
toluene

These are the same chemicals found in diesel fuel emissions and are known to cause allergies, asthma attacks, and skin problems.

A 2005 study published by the University of South Florida showed that candles made of paraffin wax emit low levels of benzene even when they are not lit (2).

Is burning candles bad for you?

In addition to releasing toxic chemicals, burning paraffin wax produces soot composed of particulate matter such as, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles that can remain suspended in the air for hours. According to the University of South Florida study, ultrafine soot particles are similar to diesel exhaust in both their size and composition. They penetrate deeply into the lungs and are absorbed into the blood stream (3).

A 2000 study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that soot emissions from candles are significantly higher after wax breakthrough occurs and when a candle is smoldering (4).

Ultrafine particles are associated with severe health issues, including:

allergies
asthma
COPD (5)
respiratory tract infections
heart attacks
strokes
cancer

So, are candles bad for your health? Not all candles produce the same amount of air pollutants. A 2002 study published in theJournal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society found that soywax, much like beeswax candles, burned at a significantly lower rate and resulted in less soot than paraffin candles (6).

Chemical fragrances

Another problem with scented candles is that the chemicals they use to create a pleasing aroma are generally far from wholesome.

Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature.

Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature. Commonly emitted VOCs related to the scent in candles include (7):

formaldehyde
petroleum distillates
limonene
alcohol
esters

These harmful chemicals can cause health problems, such as:

headaches
dizziness
allergy symptoms
asthma attacks
respiratory tract infections
cancer
\n\n\t

Cored wicks

Many candles have cored wicks made from cotton that are wrapped around a metal support. The design helps keep the wick from falling over into the wax. This is especially useful for scented candles because the fragrance oils soften the wax and allow non-cored wicks to go limp.

Are candles toxic? If they have lead in them, possibly. Lead was once commonly used in cored candlewicks — especially in candles imported from overseas. However, after determining that these wicks could present a lead poisoning hazard to young children, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the manufacture and sale of all candles with lead-core wicks in 2003 (8). Zinc and tin have been used as a substitute since the ban.

All metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned.

However, all metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned. Wicks with zinc and tin cores can still release small amounts of lead particles (9,10).

Safer alternatives

To limit soot stains and poor air quality in your home, you should avoid or restrict the use of candles (11).

If you still crave the pleasant ambiance and aroma of scented candles, here are safer ways to scent the air:

\nUse essential oils for fragrance.Essential oils can be placed in a diffuser or in bathwater to create a desired aroma.
\nSimmer spices.Place spices such as cinnamon sticks, cloves, and nutmeg in a pot of water and let it simmer on the stove.
\nCreate potpourri.Dried items such as flowers, berries, fruit rinds, wood chips, and spices can be placed in bowls or fabric bags and placed around your home.

The takeaway

Lighting scented candles may seem like a relaxing way to enjoy your home. But burning scented candles releases VOC pollutants and worsens your home’s indoor air quality. Although fragrances from safer alternatives like essential oils can be pleasant, trulyclean air smells like nothing at all.

","hidden-dangers-scented-candles","gid://shopify/Article/564925464654","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/hidden-dangers-scented-candles","2016-12-04T22:35:53Z",[715,1526],"The hidden dangers of scented candles",{"_10":1577,"_202":1578,"_205":1579,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269279461454","Two lit candles","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/49_scented_desktop_RE_8f4a0295-45a8-421d-870a-900787fa96cc.jpg?v=1749633122","successStories",[1582,1599,1616,1633],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1583,"_1139":1584,"_1154":1585,"_1156":1586,"_1157":1587,"_1159":1588,"_1008":1589,"_10":1590,"_1163":1591,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1592,"_635":1593,"_599":1594,"_1171":1595},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Discover how Tedy Mwendwa's air quality monitoring project in Nairobi is bridging critical gaps in Africa's air quality data. Learn more.","

Discover how Tedy Mwendwa's air quality monitoring project in Nairobi is bridging critical gaps in Africa's air quality data. Learn more.

","“Every day, I witness the severe impact of poor air quality on my community,” Tedy Mwendwa explained. “Using my expertise in electrical engineering, I felt compelled to create change.” In the heart of Africa, amidst bustling cities and vibrant rural landscapes, Mwendwa is pioneering a movement for cleaner air in Kenya. With a professional foundation in electrical engineering and a passion for environmental stewardship, Mwendwa's deployment of a low-cost air quality sensor in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, marks a pivotal step in revealing and addressing pollution and bridging critical gaps in Africa’s air quality data. Nairobi's leap towards cleaner air In late 2021, Mwendwa established an air quality station. Set up along one of Nairobi’s busy thoroughfares, the station gathers data on pollutants from sources like vehicular exhaust and biomass burning. \"It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution.” “It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution,” Mwendwa said. “Empowering our community with this data is crucial for driving action and advocating for sustainable solutions. Without data, we remain in the dark.” Local expertise, global resources drive innovation Building on the foundation of community-driven air monitoring, the project has taken a step forward. It now hosts East Africa’s first Monster Aerosol System (a platform that houses advanced aerosol analyzers), featuring a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (TOF-ACSM). This technology provides real-time, high-resolution data on airborne particles—including nitrates, ammonium, and chlorides—uncovering the chemical fingerprints of pollution with unprecedented precision. Paired with a black carbon monitor, the system offers a comprehensive view of airborne composition and sources. These reference-grade instruments build on the project’s original IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor—pairing community-level, real-time data with laboratory-grade chemical insight. The TOF-ACSM will help identify pollution sources—from mineral dust kicked up by unpaved roads and construction to organic aerosols tied to biomass burning and traffic emissions. It will also track seasonal and daily shifts in air quality, influenced by weather patterns and human activity. The initiative is expanding further with the deployment of GRIMM EDM 180 reference monitors across Nairobi, replacing older equipment to deliver faster, more accurate readings with minimal maintenance. In collaboration with the Kenya National Highways Authority (KENHA), these monitors will be placed along major highways and construction zones, ensuring data reflects the realities of urban life. These advancements are part of the NBO-CHEM Project (Nairobi Aerosol Chemistry and Monitoring Initiative), an effort funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by Prof. Daniel M. Westervelt, Dr. Godwin Opinde, and Tedy Mwendwa. By combining local expertise with state-of-the-art scientific resources, the project aims to transform how we understand air pollution in East Africa. The challenge of air quality monitoring in Africa The new additions to the project are heartening developments towards advancing air quality understanding in East Africa. Yet, despite the increasing efforts to monitor air quality globally, Africa remains one of the most underrepresented continents in terms of air quality data. According to the 2024 World Air Quality Report, there is only one monitoring station for every 3.7 million people. While coverage has expanded to include more African countries in recent years, there are still vast areas without sufficient data. For example, countries like Niger and Sudan remain without publicly available monitoring data.Air pollution is a major health threat, causing an estimated seven million premature deaths worldwide each year. Without accurate data, it is challenging to address the sources and impacts of air pollution effectively. Grassroots efforts like Mwendwa's are crucial in filling these data gaps, providing models for further projects and inspiring broader initiatives. Harnessing technology for a healthier tomorrow Utilizing an AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitor, Mwendwa’s station gathers critical real-time data. “The AirVisual sensor was easy to deploy and requires little maintenance, even in our somewhat extreme conditions with limited resources,” he said.The project, though small, is already making a difference in the community. “By sharing a link to the AirVisual Platform and using the app, we can easily get our data to students nationwide, enabling them to conduct their own research on pollution,” he said. The data has also been used to inform parents with small children of the effects of poor air quality. \"They need to understand that this data can help give them a better life,\" Mwendwa said. Cultivating environmental consciousness Mwendwa envisions a future where air quality stations span Africa, fostering a culture of environmental awareness and proactive health management. “The data my station is gathering empowers students to conduct community research, highlighting pollution's impact and fostering greater understanding,” he said. “This awareness can significantly influence the general population.\"Mwendwa plans further collaborations with local governments, communities, and international bodies, with this initial project laying a foundation for sustainable environmental policies and practices. “Our goal is to illuminate the unseen threats of pollution through technology,” he said. “Providing our community, and beyond, with this data, equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future. Without data, we are navigating blindly.” “Providing our community with this data equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future.” Conclusion From a low-cost sensor to a full NBO-CHEM reference hybrid network, Mwendwa’s project shows how local leadership and modern tools can accelerate Kenya’s clean-air progress. The project is an invitation to communities and policymakers to engage in a similar quest for healthier environments.Mwendwa's efforts symbolize more than geographic growth—they embody the momentum of a global movement dedicated to clean air. His work exemplifies uniting technology, data, and collective engagement to tackle one of our era's most pressing challenges.Achieving cleaner air is a communal endeavor, demanding innovation and cooperation. Mwendwa's project is a rallying cry to all, inviting participation in crafting a healthier, sustainable future for generations to come.","

“Every day, I witness the severe impact of poor air quality on my community,” Tedy Mwendwa explained. “Using my expertise in electrical engineering, I felt compelled to create change.”

In the heart of Africa, amidst bustling cities and vibrant rural landscapes, Mwendwa is pioneering a movement for cleaner air in Kenya. With a professional foundation in electrical engineering and a passion for environmental stewardship, Mwendwa's deployment of a low-cost air quality sensor in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, marks a pivotal step in revealing and addressing pollution and bridging critical gaps in Africa’s air quality data.

Nairobi's leap towards cleaner air

In late 2021, Mwendwa established an air quality station. Set up along one of Nairobi’s busy thoroughfares, the station gathers data on pollutants from sources like vehicular exhaust and biomass burning.

\"It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution.”

“It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution,” Mwendwa said. “Empowering our community with this data is crucial for driving action and advocating for sustainable solutions. Without data, we remain in the dark.”

Local expertise, global resources drive innovation

Building on the foundation of community-driven air monitoring, the project has taken a step forward. It now hosts East Africa’s first Monster Aerosol System (a platform that houses advanced aerosol analyzers), featuring a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (TOF-ACSM). This technology provides real-time, high-resolution data on airborne particles—including nitrates, ammonium, and chlorides—uncovering the chemical fingerprints of pollution with unprecedented precision. Paired with a black carbon monitor, the system offers a comprehensive view of airborne composition and sources. These reference-grade instruments build on the project’s original IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor—pairing community-level, real-time data with laboratory-grade chemical insight.

The TOF-ACSM will help identify pollution sources—from mineral dust kicked up by unpaved roads and construction to organic aerosols tied to biomass burning and traffic emissions. It will also track seasonal and daily shifts in air quality, influenced by weather patterns and human activity.

The initiative is expanding further with the deployment of GRIMM EDM 180 reference monitors across Nairobi, replacing older equipment to deliver faster, more accurate readings with minimal maintenance. In collaboration with the Kenya National Highways Authority (KENHA), these monitors will be placed along major highways and construction zones, ensuring data reflects the realities of urban life.

These advancements are part of the NBO-CHEM Project (Nairobi Aerosol Chemistry and Monitoring Initiative), an effort funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by Prof. Daniel M. Westervelt, Dr. Godwin Opinde, and Tedy Mwendwa.

By combining local expertise with state-of-the-art scientific resources, the project aims to transform how we understand air pollution in East Africa.

The challenge of air quality monitoring in Africa

The new additions to the project are heartening developments towards advancing air quality understanding in East Africa. Yet, despite the increasing efforts to monitor air quality globally, Africa remains one of the most underrepresented continents in terms of air quality data. According to the 2024 World Air Quality Report , there is only one monitoring station for every 3.7 million people.

While coverage has expanded to include more African countries in recent years, there are still vast areas without sufficient data. For example, countries like Niger and Sudan remain without publicly available monitoring data.

Air pollution is a major health threat, causing an estimated seven million premature deaths worldwide each year. Without accurate data, it is challenging to address the sources and impacts of air pollution effectively. Grassroots efforts like Mwendwa's are crucial in filling these data gaps, providing models for further projects and inspiring broader initiatives.

Harnessing technology for a healthier tomorrow

Utilizing an AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitor, Mwendwa’s station gathers critical real-time data. “The AirVisual sensor was easy to deploy and requires little maintenance, even in our somewhat extreme conditions with limited resources,” he said.

The project, though small, is already making a difference in the community. “By sharing a link to the AirVisual Platform and using the app, we can easily get our data to students nationwide, enabling them to conduct their own research on pollution,” he said. The data has also been used to inform parents with small children of the effects of poor air quality. \"They need to understand that this data can help give them a better life,\" Mwendwa said.

Cultivating environmental consciousness

Mwendwa envisions a future where air quality stations span Africa, fostering a culture of environmental awareness and proactive health management. “The data my station is gathering empowers students to conduct community research, highlighting pollution's impact and fostering greater understanding,” he said. “This awareness can significantly influence the general population.\"

Mwendwa plans further collaborations with local governments, communities, and international bodies, with this initial project laying a foundation for sustainable environmental policies and practices. “Our goal is to illuminate the unseen threats of pollution through technology,” he said. “Providing our community, and beyond, with this data, equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future. Without data, we are navigating blindly.”

“Providing our community with this data equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future.”

Conclusion

From a low-cost sensor to a full NBO-CHEM reference hybrid network, Mwendwa’s project shows how local leadership and modern tools can accelerate Kenya’s clean-air progress. The project is an invitation to communities and policymakers to engage in a similar quest for healthier environments.

Mwendwa's efforts symbolize more than geographic growth—they embody the momentum of a global movement dedicated to clean air. His work exemplifies uniting technology, data, and collective engagement to tackle one of our era's most pressing challenges.

Achieving cleaner air is a communal endeavor, demanding innovation and cooperation. Mwendwa's project is a rallying cry to all, inviting participation in crafting a healthier, sustainable future for generations to come.

","revealing-the-invisible-kenya","gid://shopify/Article/634090586190","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/revealing-the-invisible-kenya","2025-12-01T13:00:00Z",[710,897],"Revealing the Invisible: Boosting air quality awareness in Kenya",{"_10":1596,"_202":1597,"_205":1598,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/271197536334","Nairobi-city-smog","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_Revamp_Kenya_Clean_Air_Desktop_17bb0503-bb60-4348-89cf-60970c96defc.jpg?v=1767630564",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1600,"_1139":1601,"_1154":1602,"_1156":1603,"_1157":1604,"_1159":1605,"_1008":1606,"_10":1607,"_1163":1608,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1609,"_635":1610,"_599":1611,"_1171":1612},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"WWF Pakistan is tackling air pollution with IQAir. Learn how real-time data is driving change across the country.","

WWF Pakistan is tackling air pollution with IQAir. Learn how real-time data is driving change across the country.

","In Pakistan, where vast horizons stretch beneath seemingly clear skies, severe air pollution silently impacts public health and well-being nationwide. Yet, due to a dire lack of data and awareness, the scale of the threat remains largely unseen. Recognizing the urgency of this crisis, WWF-Pakistan has taken significant steps to address air pollution using IQAir’s air quality monitoring technology. WWF-Pakistan has successfully deployed 15 stations across Pakistan and published data to IQAir’s AirVisual platform, establishing the country’s largest air quality monitoring network. With this initiative, WWF-Pakistan is transforming how the country understands and confronts this invisible threat. \"We have successfully reached the goal of installing AirVisual Outdoor sensors in 15 of our offices across Pakistan,\" said WWF-Pakistan’s Research Officer, Muhammad Huzaifa who led this initiative in Pakistan. As of now, WWF-Pakistan has air monitoring stations located in key regions like Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Multan, and Peshawar. They provide real-time data that is accessible to both policymakers and the public. \"We are excited to say that we’ve published the data from these stations to IQAir’s platform, where communities can see their local air quality in real-time.” Pakistan's Air Quality Challenge Pakistan's urban centers, such as Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi, frequently grapple with thick layers of smog. While this is a visible reminder of air pollution, the more dangerous pollutants often remain unseen and unmonitored. One of the greatest challenges in Pakistan has been the need for more reliable, public air quality data. \"Our air quality network provides crucial air quality data in some of Pakistan’s most polluted regions, and are often ranked among the top 10 most polluted cities in the world\" Huzaifa explained. WWF-Pakistan, the nation’s largest environmental organization, has been addressing critical environmental issues since 1970. Originally focused on protecting wildlife and ecosystems, the organization’s scope has broadened to include tackling climate change, protecting vulnerable habitats, and securing vital resources like freshwater. Now, through their air quality monitoring initiative, they are addressing one of the most pressing health and environmental crises facing Pakistan. “Unfortunately, there is little public air quality data available,” Huzaifa noted. “This information vacuum has left policymakers and citizens unprepared to tackle the pollution crisis.” WWF-Pakistan’s initiative helps fill this gap, ensuring the public has access to real-time, localized air quality data. With real-time data now available, citizens, governments, and policymakers can work together to implement solutions, reduce pollution and improve health outcomes across the country. Rolling Out Pakistan’s Air Quality Network WWF-Pakistan’s initiative, which involves installing a total of air quality sensors in 15 key cities across the country, marks a critical step in Pakistan’s battle against air pollution. All 15 stations are currently up and running. Partnering with IQAir adds both credibility and precision to the project. \"IQAir's AirVisual air quality monitors are globally recognized for their accuracy and ability to track even the smallest fluctuations in air quality,\" said Huzaifa. \"IQAir's technology is built to withstand all sorts of weather and having it in place ensures that people will trust the data.\" This transparency is essential for mobilizing both community efforts and policy interventions, as reliable information is crucial to driving meaningful change. Air Quality Data in Action With the sensors online and data flowing into the IQAir platform, WWF-Pakistan's live contributor profile showcases the impact of their work, allowing anyone to monitor air quality in real-time. This transparency empowers citizens and policymakers alike to take informed action, using reliable data to drive meaningful change across the country. Explore WWF-Pakistan’s profile to see the live data from their monitoring stations across Pakistan. \"Data isn’t just a tool for awareness—it’s the foundation for meaningful action,\" Nazifa Butt, Director Climate Action and Sustainability WWF-Pakistan emphasized. “Now that we have the data, we have something to report and base our decisions on.” Nazifa emphasized the importance of storytelling. “We’re going to have to tell two parts of the story,” she explained, pointing out how data can not only expose alarming trends but also inspire communities to push for change—through policies, advocacy, and local initiatives. Vision For the Future WWF-Pakistan envisions a future where every region of the country has access to real-time, accurate air quality data. \"Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan,\" Nazifa explained. By providing access to this data, WWF-Pakistan aims to foster a culture of proactive health management, where individuals and communities can take the steps necessary to protect themselves from pollution. The air quality data being gathered is more than just numbers—it’s a lifeline for communities struggling with the dangers of polluted air. “Our initiative is laying the foundation for a National Clean Air Research Centre,\" Huzaifa said. \"This will be a hub for research and data-driven policies, enabling us to tackle pollution with innovative strategies.\" “Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan.” Beyond their air quality monitoring project, the WWF-Pakistan team oversees more than 70 active environmental protection initiatives in FY 2024 across the country, ranging from clean water access and forest preservation to sustainable infrastructure development. These efforts, working in tandem with the air quality monitoring network, are all part of WWF's broader mission to protect the planet's natural environment and create a future where both people and nature can thrive in harmony. Conclusion WWF-Pakistan's initiative is a testament to the transformative power of data, technology, and collective will in addressing one of today’s most pressing challenges. As this vital work advances, it invites everyone to contribute to the cause—because in the fight for clean air, every voice and every action matters. “This initiative,” Nazifa said, “lays the foundation for what we envision as Pakistan’s future air quality innovation hub. It will serve as a hub for developing strategies and methods to tackle air pollution, aligning efforts across governmental and non-governmental sectors, both locally and internationally, in the fight against climate change.”","

In Pakistan, where vast horizons stretch beneath seemingly clear skies, severe air pollution silently impacts public health and well-being nationwide. Yet, due to a dire lack of data and awareness, the scale of the threat remains largely unseen.

Recognizing the urgency of this crisis, WWF-Pakistan has taken significant steps to address air pollution using IQAir’s air quality monitoring technology. WWF-Pakistan has successfully deployed 15 stations across Pakistan and published data to IQAir’s AirVisual platform, establishing the country’s largest air quality monitoring network. With this initiative, WWF-Pakistan is transforming how the country understands and confronts this invisible threat.

\"We have successfully reached the goal of installing AirVisual Outdoor sensors in 15 of our offices across Pakistan,\" said WWF-Pakistan’s Research Officer, Muhammad Huzaifa who led this initiative in Pakistan.

As of now, WWF-Pakistan has air monitoring stations located in key regions like Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Multan, and Peshawar. They provide real-time data that is accessible to both policymakers and the public. \"We are excited to say that we’ve published the data from these stations to IQAir’s platform, where communities can see their local air quality in real-time.”

Pakistan's Air Quality Challenge

Pakistan's urban centers, such as Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi, frequently grapple with thick layers of smog. While this is a visible reminder of air pollution, the more dangerous pollutants often remain unseen and unmonitored. One of the greatest challenges in Pakistan has been the need for more reliable, public air quality data.

\"Our air quality network provides crucial air quality data in some of Pakistan’s most polluted regions, and are often ranked among the top 10 most polluted cities in the world\" Huzaifa explained.

WWF-Pakistan, the nation’s largest environmental organization, has been addressing critical environmental issues since 1970. Originally focused on protecting wildlife and ecosystems, the organization’s scope has broadened to include tackling climate change, protecting vulnerable habitats, and securing vital resources like freshwater. Now, through their air quality monitoring initiative, they are addressing one of the most pressing health and environmental crises facing Pakistan.

“Unfortunately, there is little public air quality data available,” Huzaifa noted. “This information vacuum has left policymakers and citizens unprepared to tackle the pollution crisis.” WWF-Pakistan’s initiative helps fill this gap, ensuring the public has access to real-time, localized air quality data.

With real-time data now available, citizens, governments, and policymakers can work together to implement solutions, reduce pollution and improve health outcomes across the country.

Rolling Out Pakistan’s Air Quality Network

WWF-Pakistan’s initiative, which involves installing a total of air quality sensors in 15 key cities across the country, marks a critical step in Pakistan’s battle against air pollution. All 15 stations are currently up and running.

Partnering with IQAir adds both credibility and precision to the project. \"IQAir's AirVisual air quality monitors are globally recognized for their accuracy and ability to track even the smallest fluctuations in air quality,\" said Huzaifa. \"IQAir's technology is built to withstand all sorts of weather and having it in place ensures that people will trust the data.\" This transparency is essential for mobilizing both community efforts and policy interventions, as reliable information is crucial to driving meaningful change.

Air Quality Data in Action

With the sensors online and data flowing into the IQAir platform, WWF-Pakistan's live contributor profile showcases the impact of their work, allowing anyone to monitor air quality in real-time. This transparency empowers citizens and policymakers alike to take informed action, using reliable data to drive meaningful change across the country. Explore WWF-Pakistan’s profile to see the live data from their monitoring stations across Pakistan.

\"Data isn’t just a tool for awareness—it’s the foundation for meaningful action,\" Nazifa Butt, Director Climate Action and Sustainability WWF-Pakistan emphasized. “Now that we have the data, we have something to report and base our decisions on.”

Nazifa emphasized the importance of storytelling. “We’re going to have to tell two parts of the story,” she explained, pointing out how data can not only expose alarming trends but also inspire communities to push for change—through policies, advocacy, and local initiatives.

Vision For the Future

WWF-Pakistan envisions a future where every region of the country has access to real-time, accurate air quality data.

\"Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan,\" Nazifa explained. By providing access to this data, WWF-Pakistan aims to foster a culture of proactive health management, where individuals and communities can take the steps necessary to protect themselves from pollution.

The air quality data being gathered is more than just numbers—it’s a lifeline for communities struggling with the dangers of polluted air. “Our initiative is laying the foundation for a National Clean Air Research Centre,\" Huzaifa said. \"This will be a hub for research and data-driven policies, enabling us to tackle pollution with innovative strategies.\"

“Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan.”

Beyond their air quality monitoring project, the WWF-Pakistan team oversees more than 70 active environmental protection initiatives in FY 2024 across the country, ranging from clean water access and forest preservation to sustainable infrastructure development. These efforts, working in tandem with the air quality monitoring network, are all part of WWF's broader mission to protect the planet's natural environment and create a future where both people and nature can thrive in harmony.

Conclusion

WWF-Pakistan's initiative is a testament to the transformative power of data, technology, and collective will in addressing one of today’s most pressing challenges. As this vital work advances, it invites everyone to contribute to the cause—because in the fight for clean air, every voice and every action matters.

“This initiative,” Nazifa said, “lays the foundation for what we envision as Pakistan’s future air quality innovation hub. It will serve as a hub for developing strategies and methods to tackle air pollution, aligning efforts across governmental and non-governmental sectors, both locally and internationally, in the fight against climate change.”

","revealing-the-invisible-wwf-pakistan","gid://shopify/Article/634659078222","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/revealing-the-invisible-wwf-pakistan","2025-11-12T17:43:22Z",[705,710,897],"Revealing the Invisible: WWF-Pakistan’s mission for clean air",{"_10":1613,"_202":1614,"_205":1615,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/270766047310","WWF Team standing Next to Solar Panel","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_PakistanContributor_Desk_A_1ed3d785-94f0-4a6f-af87-5d895532bd30.jpg?v=1762969405",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1617,"_1139":1618,"_1154":1619,"_1156":1620,"_1157":1621,"_1159":1622,"_1008":1623,"_10":1624,"_1163":1625,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1626,"_635":1627,"_599":1628,"_1171":1629},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Learn about Permian Health's innovative approach to improving air quality in Gambia, using cutting-edge technology to reveal invisible pollutants and safeguard public health.","

Learn about Permian Health's innovative approach to improving air quality in Gambia, using cutting-edge technology to reveal invisible pollutants and safeguard public health.

","In the slender West African nation of Gambia, Dr. Sunkaru Touray of Permian Health Lung Institute is leading an unprecedented initiative to illuminate the invisible dangers of air pollution through the strategic deployment of low-cost air quality monitors. A vision born from necessity Dr. Touray, a pulmonologist and critical care physician originally from Kartong, The Gambia, was profoundly affected by the respiratory issues he encountered while practicing in New Mexico. These issues, often linked to hydrocarbon exposure and environmental pollutants, spurred him to address similar problems in Gambia, where air quality data is scarce. \"There's a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air,\" Dr. Touray noted. Recognizing the parallels between New Mexico and Gambia, Dr. Touray envisioned the Permian Health Clean Air Initiative. This initiative aims not only to collect data but to empower Gambians with knowledge, enabling them to make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air. “There’s a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air.”–Dr. Sunkaru Touray, Founder, Permian Health The journey of Permian Health Permian Health's mission is clear: to democratize access to air quality data in Gambia by installing low-cost air quality monitors throughout the country. The team selected IQAir’s AirVisual outdoor monitors for this critical work. “These devices are proven to be reliable, user-friendly, and can operate on solar power,” Dr. Touray said. “They also have 4G LTE connectivity,” which make the monitors ideally suited for Gambia's diverse environments—from the bustling streets of Banjul to the rural countryside. \"The goal,\" Dr. Touray explained, \"is not just to collect data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air.\" Highlighting areas of concern: Brikama’s air quality Brikama stands as a poignant example of the challenges faced across Gambia. Known for its bustling markets and as a hub for both commerce and community life, the town also grapples with air quality issues that pose risks to its residents. By placing monitors in strategic locations, including the busy highway through Brikama, Permian Health is mapping pollution levels and raising awareness among the local population about the air they breathe daily—while simultaneously acting as a testament to the potential of grassroots air monitoring networks in challenging regions. Dr Touray said, \"As we look to the future, the lessons learned from Brikama will inform our expansion strategies to other regions facing similar challenges. Our success in achieving nationwide coverage, with Brikama as a keystone in our network, exemplifies the scalable model of Permian Health Clean Air Initiative.” “The goal is not to just collect the data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health.” Local feedback has been largely positive. According to Dr. Touray, real-time access to air quality monitor information has improved local understanding of the dangers of poor air quality, especially during the dry, dusty Harmattan season typically experienced from November to March. Permian Health has collaborated with local groups such as the Brikama Nema Diaspora Group (BRIND) and Karamie’s Health clinic to install sensors in key areas, allowing residents and medical professionals to access real-time air quality data. Pioneering work on the ground To date, the Permian Health air quality network has grown to 14 sensors, achieving nationwide coverage with an air quality sensor in all regions of The Gambia—proof of the project's rapid scalability and success. The project has successfully installed air quality monitors in various locations, including urban areas and industrial sites. These monitors provide real-time data on pollutants like PM2.5, which pose the greatest threat to human health, offering invaluable insights into the air pollution across different regions of Gambia. \"We have sensors in the most densely populated areas,” Dr. Touray said. \"Through the process of collecting PM 2.5 data in Gambia and identifying pollution hotspots, we educate the public about air quality and its impact on public health—and also communicate the importance of installing air quality sensors as a means to make a change.\" This foundational work sets the stage for enhanced accuracy and credibility in air quality monitoring, as underscored by a pivotal development in the project's journey. “The recent addition of a reference-grade monitor donated by MetOne marks a significant leap in our capacity for precision and validation of the data collected by our existing sensor network,” Dr. Touray said. However, maintaining and expanding the network can be impeded by dust accumulation on solar panels during the Harmattan season, unreliable power supplies, and other issues. ‘While we have made significant progress in addressing some of these challenges, connectivity and maintenance in remote areas remain ongoing hurdles in our efforts to maintain and expand the sensor network efficiently,’ Dr. Touray explained. Uniting minds and garnering accolades To raise awareness about their work, Permian Health has created a promotional video which serves as a powerful tool to inform and engage the public about their project. A key milestone for the project was the establishment of the first air quality conference in Gambia, bringing together stakeholders from the government, academia, and civil society to discuss the findings and implications of the collected data. \"This conference was a pivotal moment for us, marking the beginning of a national conversation on air quality,\" reflects Dr. Touray. This national conversation is already making a policy impact. The Ministry of Health has issued public health advisories several times since the air quality sensors were deployed, raising air quality awareness in communities around the country. Dr. Touray emphasizes the importance of partnering with the Gambian government to leverage their data for national air quality standards and planning. \"Working closely with governmental bodies is crucial for our success,\" Dr. Touray notes, highlighting his strong connections within the National Environment Agency, which have been supportive of their endeavors. With the NEA, Permian Health was able to release their first air quality report based on initial installations. This sets the table for future updates from newly installed sensors. Additionally, the project's recent recognition by the Energy Policy Institute of the University of Chicago with an Air Quality Award highlights the global acknowledgment of their impactful work. This prestigious award will enable Permian Health to scale their network further. Currently, there are 22 low-cost sensors deployed, and Gambia will, for the first time ever, have a reference monitor to assist in enhancing air quality monitoring and assessment. Hopes for the Future Thanks to their recent Air Quality Award, Permian Health acquired an 10 sensors, bringing the total to 26 sensors across The Gambia. Six new sensors have been deployed to NEA headquarters, two major health centers with support from the Ministry of Health, and in housing developments in partnership with Gambia’s largest real estate company, TAF Africa Global. The remaining sensors will be deployed to the National Stadium, Gambia International Airport, the Seaport in Banjul, and a major intersection as soon as final government approvals are processed. Dr. Touray envisions a future where every Gambian has access to air quality information, enabling them to protect themselves and their families from air pollution. Furthermore, he hopes to leverage the data collected to advocate for stronger environmental policies and regulations in Gambia. “We’re not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change.” \"We're not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change,\" says Dr. Touray. \"Our ultimate goal is for Gambia to set national air quality standards, informed by the comprehensive data we've gathered.\" A key step toward this goal is the second Clean Air Conference, which Permian Health is organizing in partnership with the NEA. The event will bring together stakeholders, including officials from the ministries of Health, Environment, Transport, and Education, to develop a national air quality work plan. According to Dr. Touray, Permian Health is conducting an inventory assessment to determine the key sources of pollution, such as waste burning, reliance on charcoal and firewood for cooking, and transport-related emissions. \"Looking ahead, we aim to strengthen our collaboration with the NEA and the Ministry of Health, to expand and maintain our sensor network.\" \"We plan to enhance public awareness campaigns, especially during high-risk periods, to better inform the community about air quality concerns. We would also like to engage more with local TV stations for them to display air quality and weather information from our network. The takeaway Dr. Sunkaru Touray's work with Permian Health exemplifies innovative activism. The project not only addresses air quality data gaps but also empowers communities to tackle air pollution—an issue that transcends borders. Dr. Touray's mission goes beyond monitoring; it's about transforming the fabric of public health through the lens of air quality.","

In the slender West African nation of Gambia, Dr. Sunkaru Touray of Permian Health Lung Institute is leading an unprecedented initiative to illuminate the invisible dangers of air pollution through the strategic deployment of low-cost air quality monitors.

A vision born from necessity

Dr. Touray, a pulmonologist and critical care physician originally from Kartong, The Gambia, was profoundly affected by the respiratory issues he encountered while practicing in New Mexico. These issues, often linked to hydrocarbon exposure and environmental pollutants, spurred him to address similar problems in Gambia, where air quality data is scarce. \"There's a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air,\" Dr. Touray noted.

Recognizing the parallels between New Mexico and Gambia, Dr. Touray envisioned the Permian Health Clean Air Initiative. This initiative aims not only to collect data but to empower Gambians with knowledge, enabling them to make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air.

“There’s a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air.”

–Dr. Sunkaru Touray, Founder, Permian Health

The journey of Permian Health

Permian Health's mission is clear: to democratize access to air quality data in Gambia by installing low-cost air quality monitors throughout the country. The team selected IQAir’s AirVisual outdoor monitors for this critical work. “These devices are proven to be reliable, user-friendly, and can operate on solar power,” Dr. Touray said. “They also have 4G LTE connectivity,” which make the monitors ideally suited for Gambia's diverse environments—from the bustling streets of Banjul to the rural countryside.

\"The goal,\" Dr. Touray explained, \"is not just to collect data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air.\"

\nHighlighting areas of concern: Brikama’s air quality\n

Brikama stands as a poignant example of the challenges faced across Gambia. Known for its bustling markets and as a hub for both commerce and community life, the town also grapples with air quality issues that pose risks to its residents. By placing monitors in strategic locations, including the busy highway through Brikama, Permian Health is mapping pollution levels and raising awareness among the local population about the air they breathe daily—while simultaneously acting as a testament to the potential of grassroots air monitoring networks in challenging regions.

$\"\"$

Dr Touray said, \"As we look to the future, the lessons learned from Brikama will inform our expansion strategies to other regions facing similar challenges. Our success in achieving nationwide coverage, with Brikama as a keystone in our network, exemplifies the scalable model of Permian Health Clean Air Initiative.”

“The goal is not to just collect the data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health.”

Local feedback has been largely positive. According to Dr. Touray, real-time access to air quality monitor information has improved local understanding of the dangers of poor air quality, especially during the dry, dusty Harmattan season typically experienced from November to March.

Permian Health has collaborated with local groups such as the Brikama Nema Diaspora Group (BRIND) and Karamie’s Health clinic to install sensors in key areas, allowing residents and medical professionals to access real-time air quality data.

Pioneering work on the ground

To date, the Permian Health air quality network has grown to 14 sensors, achieving nationwide coverage with an air quality sensor in all regions of The Gambia—proof of the project's rapid scalability and success. The project has successfully installed air quality monitors in various locations, including urban areas and industrial sites. These monitors provide real-time data on pollutants like PM2.5, which pose the greatest threat to human health, offering invaluable insights into the air pollution across different regions of Gambia.

\"We have sensors in the most densely populated areas,” Dr. Touray said. \"Through the process of collecting PM 2.5 data in Gambia and identifying pollution hotspots, we educate the public about air quality and its impact on public health—and also communicate the importance of installing air quality sensors as a means to make a change.\"

This foundational work sets the stage for enhanced accuracy and credibility in air quality monitoring, as underscored by a pivotal development in the project's journey. “The recent addition of a reference-grade monitor donated by MetOne marks a significant leap in our capacity for precision and validation of the data collected by our existing sensor network,” Dr. Touray said.

However, maintaining and expanding the network can be impeded by dust accumulation on solar panels during the Harmattan season, unreliable power supplies, and other issues.

‘While we have made significant progress in addressing some of these challenges, connectivity and maintenance in remote areas remain ongoing hurdles in our efforts to maintain and expand the sensor network efficiently,’ Dr. Touray explained.

Uniting minds and garnering accolades

To raise awareness about their work, Permian Health has created a promotional video which serves as a powerful tool to inform and engage the public about their project.

A key milestone for the project was the establishment of the first air quality conference in Gambia, bringing together stakeholders from the government, academia, and civil society to discuss the findings and implications of the collected data.

\"This conference was a pivotal moment for us, marking the beginning of a national conversation on air quality,\" reflects Dr. Touray.

This national conversation is already making a policy impact. The Ministry of Health has issued public health advisories several times since the air quality sensors were deployed, raising air quality awareness in communities around the country.

Dr. Touray emphasizes the importance of partnering with the Gambian government to leverage their data for national air quality standards and planning. \"Working closely with governmental bodies is crucial for our success,\" Dr. Touray notes, highlighting his strong connections within the National Environment Agency, which have been supportive of their endeavors.

With the NEA, Permian Health was able to release their first air quality report based on initial installations. This sets the table for future updates from newly installed sensors.

Additionally, the project's recent recognition by the Energy Policy Institute of the University of Chicago with an Air Quality Award highlights the global acknowledgment of their impactful work. This prestigious award will enable Permian Health to scale their network further.

Currently, there are 22 low-cost sensors deployed, and Gambia will, for the first time ever, have a reference monitor to assist in enhancing air quality monitoring and assessment.

Hopes for the Future

Thanks to their recent Air Quality Award, Permian Health acquired an 10 sensors, bringing the total to 26 sensors across The Gambia.

$\"\"$

Six new sensors have been deployed to NEA headquarters, two major health centers with support from the Ministry of Health, and in housing developments in partnership with Gambia’s largest real estate company, TAF Africa Global. The remaining sensors will be deployed to the National Stadium, Gambia International Airport, the Seaport in Banjul, and a major intersection as soon as final government approvals are processed.

Dr. Touray envisions a future where every Gambian has access to air quality information, enabling them to protect themselves and their families from air pollution. Furthermore, he hopes to leverage the data collected to advocate for stronger environmental policies and regulations in Gambia.

“We’re not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change.”

\"We're not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change,\" says Dr. Touray. \"Our ultimate goal is for Gambia to set national air quality standards, informed by the comprehensive data we've gathered.\"

A key step toward this goal is the second Clean Air Conference, which Permian Health is organizing in partnership with the NEA. The event will bring together stakeholders, including officials from the ministries of Health, Environment, Transport, and Education, to develop a national air quality work plan.

According to Dr. Touray, Permian Health is conducting an inventory assessment to determine the key sources of pollution, such as waste burning, reliance on charcoal and firewood for cooking, and transport-related emissions. \"Looking ahead, we aim to strengthen our collaboration with the NEA and the Ministry of Health, to expand and maintain our sensor network.\"

\"We plan to enhance public awareness campaigns, especially during high-risk periods, to better inform the community about air quality concerns. We would also like to engage more with local TV stations for them to display air quality and weather information from our network.

The takeaway

Dr. Sunkaru Touray's work with Permian Health exemplifies innovative activism. The project not only addresses air quality data gaps but also empowers communities to tackle air pollution—an issue that transcends borders.

Dr. Touray's mission goes beyond monitoring; it's about transforming the fabric of public health through the lens of air quality.

","permian-health-air-quality-crusade-in-gambia","gid://shopify/Article/634018988110","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/permian-health-air-quality-crusade-in-gambia","2025-03-24T17:00:00Z",[705,710,897],"Revealing the Invisible: Permian Health’s Air Quality Crusade in Gambia",{"_10":1630,"_202":1631,"_205":1632,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269813416014","Man working on pole","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/PermianHealth_Desk_A_e25c0fb4-f682-4892-bbc6-5c8e0d753ac9.jpg?v=1754481444",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1634,"_1139":1635,"_1154":1636,"_1156":1637,"_1157":1638,"_1159":1639,"_1008":1640,"_10":1641,"_1163":1642,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1643,"_635":1644,"_599":1646,"_1171":1647},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"A kitten rescue in Ontario needed a powerful clean air solution fast – and found it. Learn more about the essential role of clean air in shelters.","

A kitten rescue in Ontario needed a powerful clean air solution fast – and found it. Learn more about the essential role of clean air in shelters.

","Nestled in a small town near Cornwall, Canada, Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue serves as a lifeline for abandoned and vulnerable kittens (1). For nearly eight years, rescue founder Mellissa has worked tirelessly to save and nurture the most fragile feline lives in the region. Yet despite Mellissa’s dedication to maintaining a clean environment for those in her care, animal rescues must always contend with a formidable health challenge. Poor air quality impacts both kittens and the humans who care for them. Thanks to advanced air purification technology, the rescue now breathes easier—literally and figuratively. Mission built on compassion Mellissa’s journey to creating Tiny but Mighty began with heartbreak. As a volunteer at her local animal shelter, she learned of the euthanasia of kittens deemed too young to care for. Unwilling to accept this outcome, she founded her own kitten-focused rescue in 2017. “I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.” “I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. They wouldn’t let up,” Mellissa shared. “Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.” Mellissa provides a safe space for kittens to grow and thrive until they find their carefully screened forever homes. Today, the rescue operates solely on donations and community support. “It’s such an incredible community. People do come through to support what I’m doing, so it’s incredible.” But running a rescue isn’t without its challenges, and one significant one she uncovered was air quality. Nova the kitten enjoying toys at the Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue. Good air quality: Essential in animal rescues Caring for kittens in any enclosed environment presents unique challenges. Despite her meticulous cleaning habits, Mellissa found air quality to be a problem. “The dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and sneeze.” There would still be dust, odors, and allergens in the space “even though I use 99% dust-free litter.” Mellissa explained. “It’s great compared to some I’ve tried, but the dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and make little sneezes.” This poor air quality not only affected visitors but also had potential health implications for the kittens and Mellissa herself. Dust mites, microscopic creatures that feed on animal’s dead skin, can cause year-round allergic reactions in both cats and humans, including sneezing, runny and itchy noses, watery eyes, and even rashes. Components of pet dander can also act as an allergen, triggering similar reactions. Determined to find a solution to her dust problem, she began her search for an air purifier that could meet the rescue’s unique needs. Life changing air cleaning solution Determined to tackle the persistent dust and allergens, Mellissa sought an air purifier that could truly meet the unique demands of her rescue. After years of frustration with a previous model, she knew she needed a solution that could handle constant activity, fine dust particles, and odors effectively. Mellissa recalled, “The dust was still spreading throughout the house, and I thought, ‘this is just not enough.’” That’s when Mellissa’s father suggested looking into IQAir’s HealthPro Plus XE. Intrigued by its reputation for advanced filtration capabilities, Mellissa decided to give it a try—and the results were immediate and noticeable. The HealthPro Plus XE is equipped with HyperHEPA filtration, capable of capturing particles as small as 0.003 microns—100 times smaller than most air purifiers can filter. This efficiency, proven to remove particles far smaller than bacteria or viruses, combined with gas-phase filtration to eliminate odors, made it an ideal solution for the rescue’s air quality challenges. “The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact,” Mellissa shared. The HealthPro Plus XE at work next to Leia the cat. Not only did she see a dramatic improvement in the air quality for the kittens, but visitors also noticed the difference. The previously lingering food and litter odors were gone. “I definitely don’t smell that anymore,” Mellissa said. “I’m really impressed.” “The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact.” When it comes to daily use, Mellissa has found a setup that works perfectly for the rescue’s needs. During cleaning, she runs the fan at its highest setting, ensuring dust and particles are quickly filtered out. For everyday operation, she adjusts the fan to levels 2 or 3, which run quietly enough not to disturb the kittens at night. Looking ahead For Mellissa, clean air ensures a brighter future for Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue. She intends to continue providing even more kittens with a safe haven before transitioning to loving homes. The cleaner air and lack of odor in the rescue has already improved adoption visits, a critical step in finding forever homes for the kittens. Mellissa emphasizes her desire to address the root cause of ownerless kittens—unspayed and neutered animals in the population. She hopes to get the word out to more pet owners about the crucial role of spaying and neutering their animals. As she warns, “the cat overpopulation is so crazy here. Spay and neuter your cats, spay and neuter your dogs to help lower those populations.” Conclusion Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue’s story underscores the profound difference clean air technology can make in transforming lives—both human and animal. For Mellissa, investing in air purification wasn’t just about solving a nuisance; it was about creating a healthier, more inviting space where kittens could thrive and visitors could feel comfortable. By addressing the often-overlooked issue of air quality, she has set a powerful example for other rescues, shelters, and even individual pet owners facing similar challenges.","

Nestled in a small town near Cornwall, Canada, Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue serves as a lifeline for abandoned and vulnerable kittens (1). For nearly eight years, rescue founder Mellissa has worked tirelessly to save and nurture the most fragile feline lives in the region.

Yet despite Mellissa’s dedication to maintaining a clean environment for those in her care, animal rescues must always contend with a formidable health challenge. Poor air quality impacts both kittens and the humans who care for them.

Thanks to advanced air purification technology, the rescue now breathes easier—literally and figuratively.

Mission built on compassion

Mellissa’s journey to creating Tiny but Mighty began with heartbreak. As a volunteer at her local animal shelter, she learned of the euthanasia of kittens deemed too young to care for. Unwilling to accept this outcome, she founded her own kitten-focused rescue in 2017.

“I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.”

“I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. They wouldn’t let up,” Mellissa shared. “Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.”

Mellissa provides a safe space for kittens to grow and thrive until they find their carefully screened forever homes. Today, the rescue operates solely on donations and community support. “It’s such an incredible community. People do come through to support what I’m doing, so it’s incredible.”

But running a rescue isn’t without its challenges, and one significant one she uncovered was air quality.

Nova the kitten enjoying toys at the Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue.

Good air quality: Essential in animal rescues

Caring for kittens in any enclosed environment presents unique challenges. Despite her meticulous cleaning habits, Mellissa found air quality to be a problem.

“The dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and sneeze.”

There would still be dust, odors, and allergens in the space “even though I use 99% dust-free litter.” Mellissa explained. “It’s great compared to some I’ve tried, but the dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and make little sneezes.”

This poor air quality not only affected visitors but also had potential health implications for the kittens and Mellissa herself. Dust mites, microscopic creatures that feed on animal’s dead skin, can cause year-round allergic reactions in both cats and humans, including sneezing, runny and itchy noses, watery eyes, and even rashes.

Components of pet dander can also act as an allergen, triggering similar reactions.

Determined to find a solution to her dust problem, she began her search for an air purifier that could meet the rescue’s unique needs.

Life changing air cleaning solution

Determined to tackle the persistent dust and allergens, Mellissa sought an air purifier that could truly meet the unique demands of her rescue. After years of frustration with a previous model, she knew she needed a solution that could handle constant activity, fine dust particles, and odors effectively.

Mellissa recalled, “The dust was still spreading throughout the house, and I thought, ‘this is just not enough.’”

That’s when Mellissa’s father suggested looking into IQAir’s HealthPro Plus XE. Intrigued by its reputation for advanced filtration capabilities, Mellissa decided to give it a try—and the results were immediate and noticeable.

The HealthPro Plus XE is equipped with HyperHEPA filtration, capable of capturing particles as small as 0.003 microns—100 times smaller than most air purifiers can filter. This efficiency, proven to remove particles far smaller than bacteria or viruses, combined with gas-phase filtration to eliminate odors, made it an ideal solution for the rescue’s air quality challenges.

“The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact,” Mellissa shared.

$\"\"$

The HealthPro Plus XE at work next to Leia the cat.

Not only did she see a dramatic improvement in the air quality for the kittens, but visitors also noticed the difference. The previously lingering food and litter odors were gone. “I definitely don’t smell that anymore,” Mellissa said. “I’m really impressed.”

“The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact.”

When it comes to daily use, Mellissa has found a setup that works perfectly for the rescue’s needs. During cleaning, she runs the fan at its highest setting, ensuring dust and particles are quickly filtered out. For everyday operation, she adjusts the fan to levels 2 or 3, which run quietly enough not to disturb the kittens at night.

Looking ahead

For Mellissa, clean air ensures a brighter future for Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue. She intends to continue providing even more kittens with a safe haven before transitioning to loving homes.

The cleaner air and lack of odor in the rescue has already improved adoption visits, a critical step in finding forever homes for the kittens.

Mellissa emphasizes her desire to address the root cause of ownerless kittens—unspayed and neutered animals in the population. She hopes to get the word out to more pet owners about the crucial role of spaying and neutering their animals. As she warns, “the cat overpopulation is so crazy here. Spay and neuter your cats, spay and neuter your dogs to help lower those populations.”

Conclusion

Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue’s story underscores the profound difference clean air technology can make in transforming lives—both human and animal.

For Mellissa, investing in air purification wasn’t just about solving a nuisance; it was about creating a healthier, more inviting space where kittens could thrive and visitors could feel comfortable. By addressing the often-overlooked issue of air quality, she has set a powerful example for other rescues, shelters, and even individual pet owners facing similar challenges.

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