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Explore air quality monitors, masks, and air purifiers.","handle","@airvisual","http://www.iqair.cn/cn-en/newsroom?cursor=eyJsYXN0X2lkIjo1NjQ4NTkyNDA1MjYsImxhc3RfdmFsdWUiOjE0Njc2NTMwNzkwMDAsIm9mZnNldCI6MTF9&direction=next&tag=Resources","jsonLd",{"_1013":1014,"_1015":1016,"_12":1017,"_405":1018,"_1019":1020,"_1029":1030,"_205":1010,"_1041":1042},"@context","https://schema.org","@type","Organization","IQAir","https://www.iqair.com/dl/web/logos/ic-logo-iq-air-blue.svg","sameAs",[1021,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028],"https://www.facebook.com/iqair","https://twitter.com/IQAir","https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-iqair-group","https://www.instagram.com/iqair/","https://www.youtube.com/IQAir","https://www.pinterest.com/IQAir/","https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.airvisual&hl=en_US&gl=US","https://apps.apple.com/us/app/iqair-airvisual-air-quality/id1048912974","contactPoint",[1031,1039],{"_1015":1032,"_1033":1034,"_1035":1036,"_1037":1038},"ContactPoint","telephone","+1-866-488-1918","contactType","customer service","areaServed","US",{"_1015":1032,"_1033":1040,"_1035":1036,"_1037":19},"+86-400-108-5117","potentialAction",{"_1015":1043,"_1044":1045,"_1046":1047},"SearchAction","target","http://www.iqair.cn/cn-en/search-results?q={search_term}","query","required name='search_term'","robots","requestInfo",{"_1051":1052,"_1066":1067},"userPreferences",{"_1053":1054,"_1063":1038,"_1064":1065},"units",{"_1055":1056,"_1057":1058,"_1059":1060,"_1061":1062},"distance","kilometer","temperature","celsius","pressure","millibar","system","metric","AQI","timezone","America/Los_Angeles","userLocation",{"_18":1038,"_1068":1069,"_1070":1071,"_1072":1073,"_1064":1065,"_1074":118,"_1075":118},"countryName","United States","countryRegion","CA","city","Los Angeles","lat","lng",["P",1076],"ENV",{"_1079":1080,"_1081":1082,"_1083":1084,"_1085":1086,"_1087":1088,"_1089":1090,"_1091":1092,"_1093":1094,"_1095":-7,"_1096":1097,"_1098":1099,"_1100":1101,"_1102":1103,"_1104":1105,"_1106":-7},"MODE","production","GOOGLE_TAG_MANAGER_ID","GTM-PPQMD6","FACEBOOK_LOGIN_APP_ID","398656046993675","GOOGLE_LOGIN_CLIENT_ID","351521898-5bj7u78k0elfc3pod2gkejvfnju8hncf.apps.googleusercontent.com","APPLE_LOGIN_CLIENT_ID","4235W294QP.com.airvisual.airvisual","PUBLIC_STORE_DOMAIN","cms-cn.iqairint.com","PUBLIC_SHOP_ID","1844117571","IQAIR_DASHBOARD_DOMAIN","dashboard.iqair.cn","WAF_SDK","CUSTOM_EMBEDDABLE_MAP_CONSTANTS_HOST","https://www.airvisual.com","AIRVISUAL_CDN_DOMAIN","https://cdn.airvisual.net","AIRVISUAL_OSM_DOMAIN","https://osm.airvisual.net","AIRVISUAL_WIND_URL","https://website-api.airvisual.com/prod/current-wind-surface-level-gfs-1.0.json","AIRVISUAL_EARTH_URL","https://earth.airvisual.io","VERCEL",["P",1107],"consent",{"_1110":1111,"_1112":1113},"checkoutDomain","shop.iqair.cn","storefrontAccessToken","dccfc25fe657ff3be10ed75de20a9463","selectedLocale",{"_1116":1117,"_1118":1119,"_1120":19,"_1121":1122,"_1123":17,"_1124":1125,"_1126":1127,"_1128":1129},"label","China","language","EN","country","pathPrefix","cn-en","currency","flag","/flags/china.jpg","continent","Asia Pacific","websiteApiLang","en-CN","userAgent","Amazon CloudFront","dismissedCountryBanner","requestOrigin","http://www.iqair.cn","routes/$(locale)",{},"routes/$(locale).newsroom._index",{"_1139":1140,"_1279":720,"_1003":1280,"_1284":1285},"blog",{"_599":695,"_1003":1141,"_1142":1143},{"_599":-5,"_1006":-5},"articles",{"_1144":1145,"_1271":1272},"nodes",[1146,1178,1193,1209,1227,1242,1257],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1150,"_1139":1152,"_1154":1155,"_1156":1155,"_1157":1158,"_1159":1160,"_1008":1161,"_10":1162,"_1163":1164,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1167,"_635":1168,"_599":1170,"_1171":1172},"__typename","Article","author",{"_12":1151},"IQAir Staff Writers",{"_1008":1153},"news","excerpt","Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring colorless, odorless gas formed from carbon and oxygen atoms, but can also be harmful in the air. Learn more.","excerptHtml","content","What is carbon dioxide? At room temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas formed from carbon and oxygen atoms. The fourth most common gas found in the earth’s atmosphere next to nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, CO2 can also be liquid or solid. In its solid form, CO2 is known as dry ice.1 Carbon dioxide a natural part of the Earth’s carbon cycle, which is the circulation of carbon between the atmosphere, plants, animals, soils, and oceans. Humans, animals, fungi, and microorganisms produce CO2 and plants absorb it. However, human activity since the industrial era has significantly increased levels of CO2 and altered this cycle, decreasing the ability of natural carbon sinks like forests to remove it from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is now best known as the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activity. Where does it come from? Human-made carbon dioxide is primarily produced through burning fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. Some main sources of emissions globally include transport, industry, and fuel burning for electricity and heating. Carbon dioxide is also produced through natural sources such as animals, volcanoes, oceans, soils, and decaying plants. One model exploring the carbon footprint of 13,000 cities indicated that emissions are highly concentrated within a limited number of affluent cities and suburbs.2 The top ten cities listed included: Seoul, South Korea Guangzhou, China New York City, U.S. Hong Kong SAR, China Los Angeles, U.S. Shanghai, China Singapore Chicago, U.S. Tokyo / Yokohama Japan Riyadh, Saudi Arabia How does it affect your health? Carbon dioxide can build up indoors if rooms are not well-ventilated. Though relatively nontoxic and noncombustible, CO2 can pose a number of serious health concerns.3 High indoor CO2 concentrations can lead to: feeling lethargic clumsiness emotional upset headaches, difficulty concentrating dizziness vomiting nausea Higher concentrations (e.g., >5000ppm over a few hours) can provoke increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, or, in extreme cases, coma, asphyxia, and convulsions. Prolonged lack of oxygen can also permanently damage organs, including the heart and brain. Physical activity can speed up symptoms.4 When you exercise, your body uses more oxygen and increases carbon dioxide production. Carbon dioxide is circulated in the bloodstream to the lungs, and that circulation is increased during exercise to send oxygen to the muscles so they can continue movement. Indirect health effects can also be drawn from CO2’s contribution to climate change, which is predicted to negatively impact air quality and may thus aggravate the adverse health effects associated with increased pollutants (such as ozone and particle pollution). What are carbon dioxide’s environmental effects? As the primary greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change, CO2 bears significant environmental impacts. CO2 is a ‘heat-trapping’ gas, in that it limits the heat radiation that reaches the Earth from being reflected back away again. CO2 and other greenhouse gases contribute to the “greenhouse effect”, trapping more and more heat in the Earth’s atmosphere instead of reflecting the heat away. Increasing global temperatures can have dire consequences for our planet and environment. A few of the consequences include: rising sea levels increased likelihood of droughts and wildfires species loss and ecosystem damage. Awareness of the dramatic, negative environmental effects of increased carbon emissions have led to a global effort to try to reduce these. In many cases, reducing the sources of carbon emissions (e.g., fossil fuel combustion) will also help reduce levels of ambient air pollution, as they are often produced from the same sources. How can you monitor CO2 in your home or office? The IQAir AirVisual Series air quality monitors can measurePM2.5 and CO2 pollution which can detect 400-10,000 ppm (parts per million). Both pollutants can reach high levels indoor. Monitoring both pollutants will allow you to balance your response to high PM2.5 and CO2 levels. If CO2 levels indoors are high, you may want to open your windows. Outdoor air can dilute and reduce buildup of contaminants. Indoor air quality can suffer in winter due to reduced air exchange, especially in energy-efficient homes. Air enters the home through infiltration or ventilation. Infiltration is the natural flow of air into the home, while ventilation is a more deliberate airflow change. Opening a window is a natural means of ventilation, but there are four mechanical means of providing better ventilation to a building: exhaust ventilation: often a single large fan expelling air from a building supply ventilation: consists of a fan and ducts balanced ventilation: systems combining supply and exhaust ventilation energy recovery ventilation: systems that heat or cool outside air as it enters There’s both a financial and a human cost to air pollution. To see how the health and economic costs of air pollution outweigh reduction expenses, see our Cost of Air Pollution counter.","contentHtml","

What is carbon dioxide?

At room temperature, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless, odorless gas formed from carbon and oxygen atoms. The fourth most common gas found in the earth’s atmosphere next to nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, CO₂ can also be liquid or solid. In its solid form, CO₂ is known as dry ice.¹

Carbon dioxide a natural part of the Earth’s carbon cycle, which is the circulation of carbon between the atmosphere, plants, animals, soils, and oceans. Humans, animals, fungi, and microorganisms produce CO₂ and plants absorb it.

However, human activity since the industrial era has significantly increased levels of CO₂ and altered this cycle, decreasing the ability of natural carbon sinks like forests to remove it from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is now best known as the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activity.

Where does it come from?

Human-made carbon dioxide is primarily produced through burning fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas. Some main sources of emissions globally include transport, industry, and fuel burning for electricity and heating.

Carbon dioxide is also produced through natural sources such as animals, volcanoes, oceans, soils, and decaying plants.

One model exploring the carbon footprint of 13,000 cities indicated that emissions are highly concentrated within a limited number of affluent cities and suburbs.² The top ten cities listed included:

\nSeoul, South Korea
\nGuangzhou, China
\nNew York City, U.S.
\nHong Kong SAR, China
\nLos Angeles, U.S.
\nShanghai, China
Singapore
\nChicago, U.S.
\nTokyo / Yokohama Japan
\nRiyadh, Saudi Arabia

\n
How does it affect your health?

Carbon dioxide can build up indoors if rooms are not well-ventilated. Though relatively nontoxic and noncombustible, CO₂ can pose a number of serious health concerns.³

High indoor CO₂ concentrations can lead to:

feeling lethargic
clumsiness
emotional upset
headaches,
difficulty concentrating
dizziness
vomiting
nausea

Higher concentrations (e.g., >5000ppm over a few hours) can provoke increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, or, in extreme cases, coma, asphyxia, and convulsions. Prolonged lack of oxygen can also permanently damage organs, including the heart and brain.

Physical activity can speed up symptoms.⁴ When you exercise, your body uses more oxygen and increases carbon dioxide production. Carbon dioxide is circulated in the bloodstream to the lungs, and that circulation is increased during exercise to send oxygen to the muscles so they can continue movement.

Indirect health effects can also be drawn from CO₂’s contribution to climate change, which is predicted to negatively impact air quality and may thus aggravate the adverse health effects associated with increased pollutants (such as ozone and particle pollution).

What are carbon dioxide’s environmental effects?

As the primary greenhouse gas contributing to global warming and climate change, CO₂ bears significant environmental impacts.

CO₂ is a ‘heat-trapping’ gas, in that it limits the heat radiation that reaches the Earth from being reflected back away again. CO₂ and other greenhouse gases contribute to the “greenhouse effect”, trapping more and more heat in the Earth’s atmosphere instead of reflecting the heat away.

Increasing global temperatures can have dire consequences for our planet and environment. A few of the consequences include:

rising sea levels
increased likelihood of droughts and wildfires
species loss and ecosystem damage.

Awareness of the dramatic, negative environmental effects of increased carbon emissions have led to a global effort to try to reduce these. In many cases, reducing the sources of carbon emissions (e.g., fossil fuel combustion) will also help reduce levels of ambient air pollution, as they are often produced from the same sources.

How can you monitor CO₂ in your home or office?

The IQAir AirVisual Series air quality monitors can measurePM2.5 and CO₂ pollution which can detect 400-10,000 ppm (parts per million). Both pollutants can reach high levels indoor.

Monitoring both pollutants will allow you to balance your response to high PM2.5 and CO₂ levels. If CO₂ levels indoors are high, you may want to open your windows. Outdoor air can dilute and reduce buildup of contaminants.

Indoor air quality can suffer in winter due to reduced air exchange, especially in energy-efficient homes. Air enters the home through infiltration or ventilation. Infiltration is the natural flow of air into the home, while ventilation is a more deliberate airflow change. Opening a window is a natural means of ventilation, but there are four mechanical means of providing better ventilation to a building:

exhaust ventilation: often a single large fan expelling air from a building
supply ventilation: consists of a fan and ducts
balanced ventilation: systems combining supply and exhaust ventilation
energy recovery ventilation: systems that heat or cool outside air as it enters

There’s both a financial and a human cost to air pollution. To see how the health and economic costs of air pollution outweigh reduction expenses, see our Cost of Air Pollution counter.

","carbon-dioxide","gid://shopify/Article/564859043918","onlineStoreUrl","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/carbon-dioxide","trackingParameters","publishedAt","2016-06-20T17:24:39Z",[1169,720],"Air Quality","Carbon dioxide","image",{"_10":1173,"_202":1174,"_205":1175,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269334839374","Nuclear plant exhaust","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/co2_Desk_b_d26fc3ab-578b-4353-9e6e-f1ad6fd67f1f.jpg?v=1750155239",2880,1500,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1179,"_1139":1180,"_1154":1181,"_1156":1181,"_1157":1182,"_1159":1183,"_1008":1184,"_10":1185,"_1163":1186,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1187,"_635":1188,"_599":1189,"_1171":1190},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Black carbon (BC) is fine particulate matter highly efficient at absorbing heat and a major element of soot formed from incomplete combustion. Learn more.","What is black carbon? Black carbon (also referred to as BC) is a component of particulate matter and an air pollutant. It’s highly efficient at absorbing heat and a major element of soot. Black carbon is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass and biofuels. It enters the air as fine particulate (PM2.5). Black carbon emissions have been identified by some sources as potentially the second largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide.1 Where does black carbon come from? Primary sources of black carbon include:2 emissions from diesel engines and vehicles residential burning such as wood and coal burning agricultural waste field burnings forest and vegetation fires. Black carbon emissions are a year-round concern. Fossil fuel combustion emissions are greater in the winter, while wildfire smoke often generates high concentrations of black carbon emissions in the summer. Black carbon pollutants from wildfire smoke also pose an increasing health risk due to drier and hotter global climate conditions. Asia, Africa, and Latin America contributed 88 percent of global black carbon emissions in 2015 from open biomass burning and residential solid fuel combustion.3 How does black carbon affect your health? Black carbon contributes to the negative health impacts posed by PM2.5, including respiratory and cardiovascular effects as well as premature death. Between 2012 and 2014, over 85% of the population of the European Union were exposed to PM2.5 levels that exceeded World Health Organization guidelines.4 In a 2019 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, PM2.5 was associated in nine causes of death among 4.5 million U.S. veterans.5 Causes of death included: cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease chronic kidney disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease dementia type 2 diabetes hypertension lung cancer pneumonia The study added to the body of knowledge on the dangers of PM2.5, as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dementia were previously unassociated with PM2.5 pollution. The same study found that Black individuals as opposed to non-Black individuals (55 vs. 51 percent) and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities as opposed to counties with higher incomes (65 vs. 46 percent) bore a disproportionate attributable burden of death. 99 percent of the burden of death was associated with PM2.5 levels below Environmental Protection Agency standards. Over the past decade, the scientific community has attempted to disambiguate the different health effects of different components of PM2.5, including black carbon. However, as of yet, there is insufficient evidence to differentiate these effects, so the present assumption is that many different components contribute to the adverse health effects of PM2.5. Of existing evidence, black carbon is most consistently associated with cardiovascular effects in individuals with pre-existing diseases.6 What are black carbon’s environmental effects? Black carbon as a component of PM2.5 can damage ecosystems and reduce agricultural yield by: landing on plant leaves and increasing their temperature, altering rainfall patterns dimming sunlight reaching the earth Changing rainfalls can have a profound impact for farmers in regions dependent on monsoon rains. A 2011 study published in the Journal of Climate found that black carbon aerosols reduced rains in southwest India, China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and increases rainfall in northern India and the Tibetan Plateau from March through May. In the summer months, parts of India as well as Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Thailand saw reduced rainfall due to black carbon.7 Black carbon is becoming increasingly recognized for its previously understated role in contributing to climate change. By some estimates, black carbon vies with methane for contributing the second-highest levels of emissions toward global warming after carbon dioxide. Black carbon has a direct warming effect through absorbing light and radiating this as heat; it also has severe indirect warming effects in the Arctic. When black carbon settles on snow or ice, it accelerates melting; in this way, black carbon reduces the white space in the Arctic that reflects light away from the Earth, further contributing to warming. In 2017, the eight-nation Arctic Council pledged to control black carbon emissions and decrease Arctic warming. The countries agreed to constrain emissions to between 25 and 33 percent below 2013 levels by 2025.8 Countries that have committed to reducing black carbon emissions include: Canada Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Russia Sweden The United States A paper presented at the 2016 Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union noted that biomass burning emissions, or forest fires, play an underestimated role in global warming models.9 The paper focused on black carbon in concentrated biomass burnings taking place in Africa. The study found that black carbon’s physical and optical properties changed as particles entered the atmosphere due to oxidation, coagulation, and condensation. Ultimately, black carbon particles absorb energy and turn that energy into heat, contributing to climate change. Black carbon has a very short atmospheric life span: it will stay in the air for a matter of days to weeks – unlike CO2, which remains for over a hundred years. By moving quickly to reduce black carbon emissions, there is a significant opportunity to mitigate climate change and potentially make crucial headway in slowing the melting of the Arctic. What can we do to reduce black carbon emissions? In Europe and the United States, a significant portion of black carbon emissions come from on-road and non-road diesel transport. However the biggest contributor in Eastern Europe and the Nordic countries is residential combustion.10 In Europe, 84 percent of black carbon emissions are attributed to transport. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates, with existing regulations and retrofit diesel engine programs, that 86 percent of U.S. BC emissions may be eliminated by 2030. However, construction and agricultural equipment in countries such as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Greece has been identified as a dominant source of emissions and will require more stringent emission regulations. Residential heating sources, such as wood burning stoves and fireplaces, greatly impact air quality. Steps that can be taken to mitigate air pollution from these sources include: automated pellet stoves with exhaust control technologies boilers based on wood-gasification technology wood chip/firewood appliances with effective particle separators fireplace and wood-burning stove use combined with an air purifier Despite overall improvements in air quality from regulations and policies set forth by global organizations, the human and financial cost of air pollution is immense for many major cities. See our Cost of Air Pollution counter to learn why clean air is an essential investment into saving lives and creating sustainable financial systems.","

What is black carbon?

Black carbon (also referred to as BC) is a component of particulate matter and an air pollutant. It’s highly efficient at absorbing heat and a major element of soot.

Black carbon is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass and biofuels. It enters the air as fine particulate (PM2.5).

Black carbon emissions have been identified by some sources as potentially the second largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide.¹

Where does black carbon come from?

$\"Sources$

Primary sources of black carbon include:²

emissions from diesel engines and vehicles
residential burning such as wood and coal burning
agricultural waste field burnings
forest and vegetation fires.

Black carbon emissions are a year-round concern. Fossil fuel combustion emissions are greater in the winter, while wildfire smoke often generates high concentrations of black carbon emissions in the summer. Black carbon pollutants from wildfire smoke also pose an increasing health risk due to drier and hotter global climate conditions.

Asia, Africa, and Latin America contributed 88 percent of global black carbon emissions in 2015 from open biomass burning and residential solid fuel combustion.³

How does black carbon affect your health?

Black carbon contributes to the negative health impacts posed by PM2.5, including respiratory and cardiovascular effects as well as premature death. Between 2012 and 2014, over 85% of the population of the European Union were exposed to PM2.5 levels that exceeded World Health Organization guidelines.⁴

In a 2019 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, PM2.5 was associated in nine causes of death among 4.5 million U.S. veterans.⁵Causes of death included:

cardiovascular disease
cerebrovascular disease
chronic kidney disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
dementia
type 2 diabetes
hypertension
lung cancer
pneumonia

The study added to the body of knowledge on the dangers of PM2.5, as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and dementia were previously unassociated with PM2.5 pollution.

The same study found that Black individuals as opposed to non-Black individuals (55 vs. 51 percent) and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities as opposed to counties with higher incomes (65 vs. 46 percent) bore a disproportionate attributable burden of death. 99 percent of the burden of death was associated with PM2.5 levels below Environmental Protection Agency standards.

Over the past decade, the scientific community has attempted to disambiguate the different health effects of different components of PM2.5, including black carbon. However, as of yet, there is insufficient evidence to differentiate these effects, so the present assumption is that many different components contribute to the adverse health effects of PM2.5. Of existing evidence, black carbon is most consistently associated with cardiovascular effects in individuals with pre-existing diseases.⁶

What are black carbon’s environmental effects?

Black carbon as a component of PM2.5 can damage ecosystems and reduce agricultural yield by:

landing on plant leaves and increasing their temperature,
altering rainfall patterns
dimming sunlight reaching the earth

Changing rainfalls can have a profound impact for farmers in regions dependent on monsoon rains. A 2011 study published in the Journal of Climate found that black carbon aerosols reduced rains in southwest India, China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and increases rainfall in northern India and the Tibetan Plateau from March through May. In the summer months, parts of India as well as Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Thailand saw reduced rainfall due to black carbon.⁷

Black carbon is becoming increasingly recognized for its previously understated role in contributing to climate change. By some estimates, black carbon vies with methane for contributing the second-highest levels of emissions toward global warming after carbon dioxide.

Black carbon has a direct warming effect through absorbing light and radiating this as heat; it also has severe indirect warming effects in the Arctic. When black carbon settles on snow or ice, it accelerates melting; in this way, black carbon reduces the white space in the Arctic that reflects light away from the Earth, further contributing to warming.

In 2017, the eight-nation Arctic Council pledged to control black carbon emissions and decrease Arctic warming. The countries agreed to constrain emissions to between 25 and 33 percent below 2013 levels by 2025.⁸

Countries that have committed to reducing black carbon emissions include:

A paper presented at the 2016 Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union noted that biomass burning emissions, or forest fires, play an underestimated role in global warming models.⁹

The paper focused on black carbon in concentrated biomass burnings taking place in Africa. The study found that black carbon’s physical and optical properties changed as particles entered the atmosphere due to oxidation, coagulation, and condensation. Ultimately, black carbon particles absorb energy and turn that energy into heat, contributing to climate change.

Black carbon has a very short atmospheric life span: it will stay in the air for a matter of days to weeks – unlike CO₂, which remains for over a hundred years. By moving quickly to reduce black carbon emissions, there is a significant opportunity to mitigate climate change and potentially make crucial headway in slowing the melting of the Arctic.

What can we do to reduce black carbon emissions?

In Europe and the United States, a significant portion of black carbon emissions come from on-road and non-road diesel transport. However the biggest contributor in Eastern Europe and the Nordic countries is residential combustion.10 In Europe, 84 percent of black carbon emissions are attributed to transport.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates, with existing regulations and retrofit diesel engine programs, that 86 percent of U.S. BC emissions may be eliminated by 2030. However, construction and agricultural equipment in countries such as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Greece has been identified as a dominant source of emissions and will require more stringent emission regulations.

Residential heating sources, such as wood burning stoves and fireplaces, greatly impact air quality. Steps that can be taken to mitigate air pollution from these sources include:

automated pellet stoves with exhaust control technologies
boilers based on wood-gasification technology
wood chip/firewood appliances with effective particle separators
fireplace and wood-burning stove use combined with an air purifier

Despite overall improvements in air quality from regulations and policies set forth by global organizations, the human and financial cost of air pollution is immense for many major cities. See our Cost of Air Pollution counter to learn why clean air is an essential investment into saving lives and creating sustainable financial systems.

","black-carbon","gid://shopify/Article/564858978382","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/black-carbon","2016-06-17T17:24:39Z",[715,720],"Black carbon",{"_10":1191,"_202":1189,"_205":1192,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269689585742","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/BlkCarbn_Desktop_a_44e94ae5-bb08-4d4d-a4ed-1edc2fbcfb80.jpg?v=1753354724",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1194,"_1139":1195,"_1154":1196,"_1156":1196,"_1157":1197,"_1159":1198,"_1008":1199,"_10":1200,"_1163":1201,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1202,"_635":1203,"_599":1204,"_1171":1205},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"PM10 is particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. Learn more.","What is PM10? PM10 is suspended coarse particulate matter, either solid or liquid, with a diameter of 10 micrometers (µm) or less. For comparison, a human hair is, on average, 50 to 70 µm in diameter.1 Particulate matter is sometimes referred to as floating dust or aerosols. Fine particles can remain suspended in the atmosphere from days to weeks, allowing the materials to travel over long distances. Larger particles are soon returned to the surface due to precipitation and gravity. Filtering out particulate matter is essential to cleaning the air. What is the difference between PM2.5 and PM10? The difference between PM10, PM2.5 is a matter of size. PM2.5 is very fine, and PM10 is larger and coarser than PM2.5.2 Because PM10 is a larger particle than PM2.5, it’s less likely to cross from the lungs into the bloodstream. However, PM10 can penetrate deep into the lungs.3 Where does PM10 come from? PM10 is any particulate matter in the air with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, including smoke, dust, soot, salts, acids, and metals. Particulate matter can also be formed indirectly when gases emitted from motor vehicles and industries undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Various sources include:4,5 smoke, dust and dirt from unsealed road, construction, landfill, and agriculture dust that blown from open lands pollen mold smoke from wildfire and waste burning sea salt industrial sources materials handling crushing and grinding operations power generation motor vehicle exhaust In the home, particle pollution comes from many sources, such as:5,6 outdoor sources leaking in through spaces around door and windows stoves space heaters fireplaces and chimneys tobacco smoke PM10 and PM2.5 chemical and physical composition varies based on location, climate, and weather. A 2014 study published in The Pan African Medical Journal provided insight into one seasonal source of PM10 in low socioeconomic communities.7 The study, conducted in eMbalenhle, South Africa, found that residents were more at risk of PM10 exposure in the winter due to domestic fuel burning. Coal is the dominant source of fuel for townships in South Africa because it is accessible and inexpensive.8,9 eMbalenhle is surrounded by industry, power stations, and mines, while there is a good deal of motor vehicle traffic, mine ash dumps, and dust from agriculture, wildfires, waste burning, landfills, and unpaved roads. How does PM10 affect our health? Health effects of PM10 exposure can vary. The body tends to eliminate larger particles, while PM 2.5 can stay embedded in the lungs.11 However, both PM2.5 and PM10 harm human health. Short-term health impacts of PM10 can include: difficulty breathing coughing eye, nose, and throat irritation chest tightness and pain fatigue general respiratory discomfort Long-term exposure to PM10 can cause more serious health concerns, such as: lung tissue damage asthma heart failure cancer adverse birth outcomes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) premature death People most impacted by PM10 air pollutants include children, older adults, and people with heart and lung disease. What can be done about PM10 pollution? To help reduce PM10 emissions in the community, people can take the following steps: advocate for clean air legislation advocate for low-emission zones Many countries seek to reduce PM2.5 and PM10 air pollution. For example, in 2019, India joined the United Nation’s Climate and Clean Air Coalition with a stated goal of reducing particle matter pollution by 20 to 30 percent by 2024. The country launched the National Clean Air Programme in mid-2019.12 A 2014 study published in the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association found that creating 48 low-emission zones in Berlin, Cologne, and Munich Germany reduced PM10 particles by an estimated 10 percent.13 At home or at work, people can help control particulate matter emissions in several ways, including:14 driving less control humidity to slow mold growth clean with a mop, damp cloth, and HEPA vacuum don’t permit smoking in the home or facility reduce the use of candles and incense conserving electricity avoiding burn wood or trash avoiding outdoor wood boilers never idle your vehicle in attached garages or near windows and doors never use either generators or barbecues indoors or inside attached garages. run a room air purifier to filter PM10 from an indoor space install a whole-house air purifier to remove PM10 throughout your home facilities can install high-efficiency air filters in commercial facilities and schools for their HVAC unit monitor your air quality indoors and out What are the environmental effects of PM10? PM10 reduces visibility and, in some cases, can corrode organic and inorganic materials from vegetation to buildings. Painted surfaces, stone, fabrics, metal, and wood can become damaged and discolored.15,16 When particulate matter is deposited on vegetation and soils, it can leach nutrients and increase the chances plants succumb to disease. Even though there have been improvements made to air quality through regulations, the world’s cities struggle with air pollution’s human and financial cost burden. Check out our Cost of Air Pollution counter and uncover how clean air can help preserve health and life while alleviating harm to the global economy.","

What is PM10?

PM10 is suspended coarse particulate matter, either solid or liquid, with a diameter of 10 micrometers (µm) or less. For comparison, a human hair is, on average, 50 to 70 µm in diameter.¹

Particulate matter is sometimes referred to as floating dust or aerosols. Fine particles can remain suspended in the atmosphere from days to weeks, allowing the materials to travel over long distances. Larger particles are soon returned to the surface due to precipitation and gravity.

Filtering out particulate matter is essential to cleaning the air.

What is the difference between PM2.5 and PM10?

The difference between PM10, PM2.5 is a matter of size. PM2.5 is very fine, and PM10 is larger and coarser than PM2.5.2 Because PM10 is a larger particle than PM2.5, it’s less likely to cross from the lungs into the bloodstream. However, PM10 can penetrate deep into the lungs.³

Where does PM10 come from?

PM10 is any particulate matter in the air with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, including smoke, dust, soot, salts, acids, and metals.

Particulate matter can also be formed indirectly when gases emitted from motor vehicles and industries undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

Various sources include:^4,5

smoke, dust and dirt from unsealed road, construction, landfill, and agriculture
dust that blown from open lands
pollen
mold
smoke from wildfire and waste burning
sea salt
industrial sources
materials handling
crushing and grinding operations
power generation
motor vehicle exhaust

In the home, particle pollution comes from many sources, such as:^5,6

outdoor sources leaking in through spaces around door and windows
stoves
space heaters
fireplaces and chimneys
tobacco smoke

PM10 and PM2.5 chemical and physical composition varies based on location, climate, and weather.

A 2014 study published in The Pan African Medical Journal provided insight into one seasonal source of PM10 in low socioeconomic communities.⁷ The study, conducted in eMbalenhle, South Africa, found that residents were more at risk of PM10 exposure in the winter due to domestic fuel burning. Coal is the dominant source of fuel for townships in South Africa because it is accessible and inexpensive.^8,9

eMbalenhle is surrounded by industry, power stations, and mines, while there is a good deal of motor vehicle traffic, mine ash dumps, and dust from agriculture, wildfires, waste burning, landfills, and unpaved roads.

How does PM10 affect our health?

Health effects of PM10 exposure can vary. The body tends to eliminate larger particles, while PM 2.5 can stay embedded in the lungs.¹¹ However, both PM2.5 and PM10 harm human health.

Short-term health impacts of PM10 can include:

difficulty breathing
coughing
eye, nose, and throat irritation
chest tightness and pain
fatigue
general respiratory discomfort

Long-term exposure to PM10 can cause more serious health concerns, such as:

lung tissue damage
asthma
heart failure
cancer
adverse birth outcomes
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
premature death

People most impacted by PM10 air pollutants include children, older adults, and people with heart and lung disease.

What can be done about PM10 pollution?

To help reduce PM10 emissions in the community, people can take the following steps:

advocate for clean air legislation
advocate for low-emission zones

Many countries seek to reduce PM2.5 and PM10 air pollution. For example, in 2019, India joined the United Nation’s Climate and Clean Air Coalition with a stated goal of reducing particle matter pollution by 20 to 30 percent by 2024. The country launched the National Clean Air Programme in mid-2019.¹²

A 2014 study published in the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association found that creating 48 low-emission zones in Berlin, Cologne, and Munich Germany reduced PM10 particles by an estimated 10 percent.¹³

At home or at work, people can help control particulate matter emissions in several ways, including:¹⁴

driving less
control humidity to slow mold growth
clean with a mop, damp cloth, and HEPA vacuum
don’t permit smoking in the home or facility
reduce the use of candles and incense
conserving electricity
avoiding burn wood or trash
avoiding outdoor wood boilers
never idle your vehicle in attached garages or near windows and doors
never use either generators or barbecues indoors or inside attached garages.
run a room air purifier to filter PM10 from an indoor space
install a whole-house air purifier to remove PM10 throughout your home
facilities can install high-efficiency air filters in commercial facilities and schools for their HVAC unit\n
\nmonitor your air quality indoors and out

What are the environmental effects of PM10?

PM10 reduces visibility and, in some cases, can corrode organic and inorganic materials from vegetation to buildings. Painted surfaces, stone, fabrics, metal, and wood can become damaged and discolored.^15,16

When particulate matter is deposited on vegetation and soils, it can leach nutrients and increase the chances plants succumb to disease.

Even though there have been improvements made to air quality through regulations, the world’s cities struggle with air pollution’s human and financial cost burden. Check out our Cost of Air Pollution counter and uncover how clean air can help preserve health and life while alleviating harm to the global economy.

","pm10","gid://shopify/Article/564858257486","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/pm10","2015-09-22T17:24:39Z",[1169,720],"PM10",{"_10":1206,"_202":1207,"_205":1208,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269474857038","Smog in city","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/PM10_Desk_b_7851f195-d282-4aed-9eee-b99d5a0e3f3d.jpg?v=1751537895",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1210,"_1139":1211,"_1154":1212,"_1156":1212,"_1157":1213,"_1159":1214,"_1008":1215,"_10":1216,"_1163":1217,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1218,"_635":1219,"_599":1220,"_1171":1221},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the six main measured air pollutants. Notably, it is a major contributor to the formation of smog and a precursor to many harmful secondary pollutants including ozone and particulate matter.","What is nitrogen dioxide (NO2)? Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major contributor to the formation of smog and a precursor to many harmful secondary pollutants, including ozone and particulate matter. It’s highly reactive with other chemicals and is a strong oxidizing agent. Nitrogen dioxide is a deep red-orange gas. When released into the air, it is seen as a reddish-brown haze. NO2 has a pungent, acrid odor.1 Where does nitrogen dioxide come from? Nitrogen dioxide can be formed from both natural and human activity. Natural sources include:2 lightning strikes volcanoes oceans biological decay Combustion creates oxides of nitrogen, a major portion of which is nitrogen dioxide. When vehicles emit oxides of nitrogen, 90 to 95 percent of the emissions are nitric oxide (NO). However, nitric oxide quickly oxidizes in outdoor air when reacting to oxygen, ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to form nitrogen dioxide. The oxidization process occurs indoors, but a slower rate.3 Is nitrogen dioxide a primary or secondary pollutant? Though nitrogen dioxide can be a primary pollutant, it’s mostly a concern as a secondary pollutant. As a primary pollutant, NO2 is emitted in limited amounts through vehicles into the air. Nitrogen dioxide is also a secondary pollutant because it can be formed through oxidization. Nitrogen dioxide further oxidizes into nitric acid (HNO3), which can enter the environment through the ground as droplets or nitrate-containing particles.4 How does nitrogen dioxide affect our health? Children, people with asthma, and adults with heart and respiratory disorders are most affected by nitrogen dioxide levels.5High concentration levels of nitrogen dioxide can cause: coughing and wheezing lung irritation reduced lung function increased asthma attacks cardiovascular damage lower birth weight risk of premature death A 1998 study published by the National Research Council Committee on Toxicology investigated incidents of accidental exposure to NO2. Workers in agriculture, mining explosions, space exploration, and military activities have been accidentally exposed to high concentrations of NO2, resulting in a wide range of severe medical ailments, including:6 breathing difficulty fever bronchial pneumonia acute bronchitis death How does nitrogen dioxide affect children’s health? Children are more susceptible to the effects of nitrogen dioxide. For example, there are increased chances of respiratory infection for children through nitrogen dioxide inhalation.A 2011 study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide was connected to increased asthma symptoms and reduced lung function in children.7 What are nitrogen dioxide’s environmental impacts? When reacting to water, nitrogen dioxide can chemically transform into nitric acid and contribute to lake acidification and acid rain.8 Acid rain has been responsible for denuded forests across Europe and lake “deaths” in Canada and the United States as well as crop and health concerns in Asia. Acidity has even damaged buildings and limestone gravestones.9 Is nitrogen dioxide a greenhouse gas? By itself, nitrogen dioxide is not a direct greenhouse gas. However, when combined with sunlight and VOCs, nitrogen dioxide can produce tropospheric or ground-level ozone. The presence of ground-level ozone can, in turn, result in atmospheric warming through radiation forcing, or absorbing more sunlight than is reflected.10 Ozone pollution can harm respiratory systems. Ground-level ozone’s health impacts include:11 throat irritation congestion chest pain coughing reduced lung function potential lung scar tissue more intense bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema What makes nitrogen dioxide a significant pollutant? Nitrogen dioxide is one of several oxides of nitrogen, including pollutants like nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) (NO).12 Nitrogen dioxide’s health effects are better understood than the other forms. Because it’s closely tied to other oxides of nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide’s reduction will impact others as well. Regulations have improved air quality in many parts of the world, but cities around the globe still struggle with the human and financial consequences of polluted air. See how our Cost of Air Pollution counter illustrates how clean air can save lives while lowering the economic burden of air pollution. What can be done about nitrogen dioxide emissions? Nitrogen dioxide can’t be removed from combustible fuels like coal, oil, or natural gas. Removal is only possible after combustion. Uncontrolled oil and coal produce more nitrogen than natural gas does, but all three do contain nitrogen.13 There are several methods to control nitrogen dioxide emissions, such as: using low NOx burners in boilers setting policies that reduce the use of diesel transportation switching diesel fuel-burning vehicles to electric vehicles encouraging public transport, biking, and walking using an air purifier for gas filtration The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission’s science and knowledge service estimates that reducing NOX-emissions from passenger diesel cars, trucks, and vans could improve NOx emissions in urban centers by 40 percent on average.14 European cities whose annual NOx emissions largely result from traffic emissions include: Athens London Madrid Marseille Milan Paris Prague Rome Wherever you go, track air pollutants to monitor air quality data when NO2 information is supplied.","

What is nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)?

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a major contributor to the formation of smog and a precursor to many harmful secondary pollutants, including ozone and particulate matter. It’s highly reactive with other chemicals and is a strong oxidizing agent.

Nitrogen dioxide is a deep red-orange gas. When released into the air, it is seen as a reddish-brown haze. NO₂ has a pungent, acrid odor.¹

Where does nitrogen dioxide come from?

Nitrogen dioxide can be formed from both natural and human activity. Natural sources include:²

lightning strikes
volcanoes
oceans
biological decay

Combustion creates oxides of nitrogen, a major portion of which is nitrogen dioxide. When vehicles emit oxides of nitrogen, 90 to 95 percent of the emissions are nitric oxide (NO).

However, nitric oxide quickly oxidizes in outdoor air when reacting to oxygen, ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to form nitrogen dioxide. The oxidization process occurs indoors, but a slower rate.³

Is nitrogen dioxide a primary or secondary pollutant?

Though nitrogen dioxide can be a primary pollutant, it’s mostly a concern as a secondary pollutant. As a primary pollutant, NO₂ is emitted in limited amounts through vehicles into the air.

Nitrogen dioxide is also a secondary pollutant because it can be formed through oxidization. Nitrogen dioxide further oxidizes into nitric acid (HNO₃), which can enter the environment through the ground as droplets or nitrate-containing particles.⁴

How does nitrogen dioxide affect our health?

Children, people with asthma, and adults with heart and respiratory disorders are most affected by nitrogen dioxide levels.⁵
High concentration levels of nitrogen dioxide can cause:

coughing and wheezing
lung irritation
reduced lung function
increased asthma attacks
cardiovascular damage
lower birth weight
risk of premature death

A 1998 study published by the National Research Council Committee on Toxicology investigated incidents of accidental exposure to NO₂. Workers in agriculture, mining explosions, space exploration, and military activities have been accidentally exposed to high concentrations of NO₂, resulting in a wide range of severe medical ailments, including:⁶

breathing difficulty
fever
bronchial pneumonia
acute bronchitis
death

How does nitrogen dioxide affect children’s health?

Children are more susceptible to the effects of nitrogen dioxide. For example, there are increased chances of respiratory infection for children through nitrogen dioxide inhalation.
A 2011 study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide was connected to increased asthma symptoms and reduced lung function in children.⁷

What are nitrogen dioxide’s environmental impacts?

When reacting to water, nitrogen dioxide can chemically transform into nitric acid and contribute to lake acidification and acid rain.⁸ Acid rain has been responsible for denuded forests across Europe and lake “deaths” in Canada and the United States as well as crop and health concerns in Asia. Acidity has even damaged buildings and limestone gravestones.⁹

Is nitrogen dioxide a greenhouse gas?

By itself, nitrogen dioxide is not a direct greenhouse gas. However, when combined with sunlight and VOCs, nitrogen dioxide can produce tropospheric or ground-level ozone. The presence of ground-level ozone can, in turn, result in atmospheric warming through radiation forcing, or absorbing more sunlight than is reflected.¹⁰

Ozone pollution can harm respiratory systems. Ground-level ozone’s health impacts include:¹¹

throat irritation
congestion
chest pain
coughing
reduced lung function
potential lung scar tissue
more intense bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema

What makes nitrogen dioxide a significant pollutant?

Nitrogen dioxide is one of several oxides of nitrogen, including pollutants like nitric oxide (also known as nitrogen monoxide) (NO).¹² Nitrogen dioxide’s health effects are better understood than the other forms.

Because it’s closely tied to other oxides of nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide’s reduction will impact others as well.

Regulations have improved air quality in many parts of the world, but cities around the globe still struggle with the human and financial consequences of polluted air. See how our Cost of Air Pollution counter illustrates how clean air can save lives while lowering the economic burden of air pollution.

What can be done about nitrogen dioxide emissions?

Nitrogen dioxide can’t be removed from combustible fuels like coal, oil, or natural gas. Removal is only possible after combustion. Uncontrolled oil and coal produce more nitrogen than natural gas does, but all three do contain nitrogen.¹³

There are several methods to control nitrogen dioxide emissions, such as:

using low NO_x burners in boilers
setting policies that reduce the use of diesel transportation
switching diesel fuel-burning vehicles to electric vehicles
encouraging public transport, biking, and walking
using an air purifier for gas filtration

The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission’s science and knowledge service estimates that reducing NOX-emissions from passenger diesel cars, trucks, and vans could improve NO_x emissions in urban centers by 40 percent on average.¹⁴ European cities whose annual NO_x emissions largely result from traffic emissions include:

Athens
London
Madrid
Marseille
Milan
Paris
Prague
Rome

Wherever you go, track air pollutants to monitor air quality data when NO₂ information is supplied.

","nitrogen-dioxide","gid://shopify/Article/564858323022","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/nitrogen-dioxide","2015-09-21T17:24:39Z",[1169,720],"Nitrogen dioxide",{"_10":1222,"_202":1223,"_205":1224,"_207":1225,"_203":1226},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269505167438","Car exhaust pipe","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/12112015-nitrogen-car-exhaust.jpg?v=1751893250",1623,1347,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1228,"_1139":1229,"_1154":1230,"_1156":1230,"_1157":1231,"_1159":1232,"_1008":1233,"_10":1234,"_1163":1235,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1218,"_635":1236,"_599":1237,"_1171":1238},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Ozone that protects our atmosphere is good. However, ground level ozone is bad. Learn more.","What is ozone?Ozone (O3) is a colorless to bluish gas formed by solar ultraviolet radiation (sunlight) and oxygen molecules. The ozone molecule is made up of three oxygen atoms.1What is the difference between ground-level ozone and the ozone layer?Ground-level ozone, also known as tropospheric ozone, is the main ingredient in smog.2,3Stratospheric ozone, sometimes called the ozone layer, occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone forms a protective layer over the Earth and absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun.90 percent of all the ozone on Earth is found in the stratosphere.Because it is a potentially toxic air pollutant, many governments regulate ozone in an effort to reduce levels of ozone at the ground-level.Where does ozone come from?Ozone is a secondary pollutant. While other pollutants are emitted directly into the air by various sources, ozone is created by sunlight acting on nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere.When these pollutants react with sunlight, they create ground-level ozone. Sources of nitrogen oxides include:4 motor vehicles power plants combustion sources lightning strikes volcanoes oceans biological decay Sources of VOCs include:5 motor vehicles wood burning industrial emissions chemical plants refineries cleaners and disinfectants paints, paint strippers, varnishes, and finishes tobacco smoke forest fires How does geography impact ozone and smog?Ozone pollution is very common in heavily-populated basin cities surrounded by mountains, such as Los Angeles, California and Mexico City, Mexico. Smog becomes trapped in urban valleys and isn’t easily dispersed by wind.6Cities like Stockton, Fresno, Bakersfield, and Visalia in California’s San Joaquin Valley experience high levels of ozone through hot dry summers. The heavily agricultural area produces nitrogen oxides emissions from the soil that can lead to smog.7Heat and weak winds encourage the creation of smog, as pollutants like nitrogen oxides and VOCs react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone.Analysis of a statistical model in 2016 published in Geophysical Research Letters found that increasing summer heat waves will likely lead to more days of unhealthy ozone levels by 2050.8 The model, which projected ozone increases in the United States, indicated that more days of unhealthy ozone were likely to occur in the Southwest and Northeast.What are ozone’s commercial uses?Ozone has several industrial uses. These include:9,10 purifying air and drinking water industrial waste treatment disinfecting agent oil use bleaching and waxes creation of other chemicals food hygiene increasing fruit and vegetable shelf-life Industrial workers in paper and pulp mills, wastewater treatment plants, fisheries, and in outdoor areas with high levels of ozone can face health risks from ozone exposure.How does ozone affect your health?Ground-level ozone is a respiratory irritant and can be harmful to your health.11 Older adults, children, infants, people with asthma or lung diseases, and people who exercise outdoors may be more vulnerable to the effects of ozone exposure. Ozone can cause several short-term symptoms, including: • shortness of breath • pain during deep breaths • lung and throat irritation • wheezing and coughingMore serious ozone exposure effects can include: 12• increased asthma attacks • reduced lung function • continued damage to lungs after symptoms have subsided • causing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePeople with bronchitis, asthma, or emphysema may experience worse symptoms.A 2020 study of ambient ozone pollution published in Environment International found that short-term exposure to ozone resulted in increased hospital admissions for pneumonia.13 The study indicated that the connection between pneumonia and ozone was particularly strong in the elderly and among smokers.A 2008 study published in Environmental Health Perspectives determined that young children in New York State who were frequently exposed to high ozone levels were at greater risk of being admitted to the hospital for asthma than children with less exposure.14A second study published in Environmental Health Perspectives in 2008 determined that ozone in Southern California also contributed to an increase in asthma hospitalizations among children.15What are the environmental impacts of ozone?Ozone can have a profound impact on sensitive vegetation. These impacts include: 16 interference in plants’ ability to produce and store food physical damage slowed growth reduced habitat quality water and nutrient cycle changes increased susceptibility of sensitive plant species to disease, damage from insects, the effects of other pollutants, and harm from severe weather A number of tree species are sensitive to ozone and may experience injury or stunted growth, including:17,18 black cherry quaking aspen ponderosa, loblolly, and white pine red alder yellow and tulip poplar Ozone is difficult to manage due to its pervasiveness, the complexity of ozone chemistry, and the challenges involved in determining how much ozone contributes to pollution.19 Cities around the globe are challenged by air pollution despite government intervention in reducing pollutants. Poor air quality harms humanity and creates a terrible strain on economies. Visit our Cost of Air Pollution counter and find out how clean air can support a better quality of life.","

What is ozone?

Ozone (O3) is a colorless to bluish gas formed by solar ultraviolet radiation (sunlight) and oxygen molecules. The ozone molecule is made up of three oxygen atoms.¹

What is the difference between ground-level ozone and the ozone layer?

Ground-level ozone, also known as tropospheric ozone, is the main ingredient in smog.^2,3

Stratospheric ozone, sometimes called the ozone layer, occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone forms a protective layer over the Earth and absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun.

90 percent of all the ozone on Earth is found in the stratosphere.

Because it is a potentially toxic air pollutant, many governments regulate ozone in an effort to reduce levels of ozone at the ground-level.

Where does ozone come from?

Ozone is a secondary pollutant. While other pollutants are emitted directly into the air by various sources, ozone is created by sunlight acting on nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere.

When these pollutants react with sunlight, they create ground-level ozone.
\n\nSources of nitrogen oxides include:⁴

motor vehicles
power plants
combustion sources
lightning strikes
volcanoes
oceans
biological decay

Sources of VOCs include:⁵

motor vehicles
wood burning
industrial emissions
chemical plants
refineries
cleaners and disinfectants
paints, paint strippers, varnishes, and finishes
tobacco smoke
forest fires

How does geography impact ozone and smog?

Ozone pollution is very common in heavily-populated basin cities surrounded by mountains, such as Los Angeles, California and Mexico City, Mexico. Smog becomes trapped in urban valleys and isn’t easily dispersed by wind.⁶

Cities like Stockton, Fresno, Bakersfield, and Visalia in California’s San Joaquin Valley experience high levels of ozone through hot dry summers. The heavily agricultural area produces nitrogen oxides emissions from the soil that can lead to smog.⁷

Heat and weak winds encourage the creation of smog, as pollutants like nitrogen oxides and VOCs react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone.

Analysis of a statistical model in 2016 published in Geophysical Research Letters found that increasing summer heat waves will likely lead to more days of unhealthy ozone levels by 2050.⁸ The model, which projected ozone increases in the United States, indicated that more days of unhealthy ozone were likely to occur in the Southwest and Northeast.

What are ozone’s commercial uses?

Ozone has several industrial uses. These include:^9,10

purifying air and drinking water
industrial waste treatment
disinfecting agent
oil use
bleaching and waxes
creation of other chemicals
food hygiene
increasing fruit and vegetable shelf-life

Industrial workers in paper and pulp mills, wastewater treatment plants, fisheries, and in outdoor areas with high levels of ozone can face health risks from ozone exposure.

How does ozone affect your health?

Ground-level ozone is a respiratory irritant and can be harmful to your health.¹¹ Older adults, children, infants, people with asthma or lung diseases, and people who exercise outdoors may be more vulnerable to the effects of ozone exposure.

Ozone can cause several short-term symptoms, including:
\n\n• shortness of breath
\n\n• pain during deep breaths
\n\n• lung and throat irritation
\n\n• wheezing and coughing

More serious ozone exposure effects can include: ¹²

• increased asthma attacks
\n\n• reduced lung function
\n\n• continued damage to lungs after symptoms have subsided
\n\n• causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

People with bronchitis, asthma, or emphysema may experience worse symptoms.

A 2020 study of ambient ozone pollution published in Environment International found that short-term exposure to ozone resulted in increased hospital admissions for pneumonia.¹³ The study indicated that the connection between pneumonia and ozone was particularly strong in the elderly and among smokers.

A 2008 study published in Environmental Health Perspectives determined that young children in New York State who were frequently exposed to high ozone levels were at greater risk of being admitted to the hospital for asthma than children with less exposure.¹⁴

A second study published in Environmental Health Perspectives in 2008 determined that ozone in Southern California also contributed to an increase in asthma hospitalizations among children.¹⁵

What are the environmental impacts of ozone?

Ozone can have a profound impact on sensitive vegetation. These impacts include: ¹⁶

interference in plants’ ability to produce and store food
physical damage
slowed growth
reduced habitat quality
water and nutrient cycle changes
increased susceptibility of sensitive plant species to disease, damage from insects, the effects of other pollutants, and harm from severe weather

A number of tree species are sensitive to ozone and may experience injury or stunted growth, including:^17,18

black cherry
quaking aspen
ponderosa, loblolly, and white pine
red alder
yellow and tulip poplar

Ozone is difficult to manage due to its pervasiveness, the complexity of ozone chemistry, and the challenges involved in determining how much ozone contributes to pollution.¹⁹

Cities around the globe are challenged by air pollution despite government intervention in reducing pollutants. Poor air quality harms humanity and creates a terrible strain on economies. Visit our Cost of Air Pollution counter and find out how clean air can support a better quality of life.

","ozone","gid://shopify/Article/564857864270","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/ozone",[1169,720],"Ozone",{"_10":1239,"_202":1240,"_205":1241,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269546717262","Dusk","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Ozn_Desk_b_c8a9cb16-058f-4471-b453-6b69cfadcfb9.jpg?v=1752141682",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1243,"_1139":1244,"_1154":1245,"_1156":1245,"_1157":1246,"_1159":1247,"_1008":1248,"_10":1249,"_1163":1250,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1218,"_635":1251,"_599":1252,"_1171":1253},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels (wood, oil, gas, or coal).","What is carbon monoxide? Carbon monoxide (CO), known as the silent killer, is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon in fossil fuels such as wood, propane, charcoal, oil, gas, coal, or other fuel. A 2015 study in The American Journal of Emergency Medicine determined that CO poisoning was the second most frequent non-medicinal poisoning death in the United States between 1999 and 2012.1 CO poisoning occurs when a gas appliance has been incorrectly fitted, badly repaired or poorly maintained, or when flues, chimneys or vents are blocked, cutting off airflow. Where does it come from? Carbon monoxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Any appliance that burns fossil fuels is a potential carbon monoxide source.Sources may include: gas appliances, such as furnaces, ovens, ranges, water heaters, and clothes dryers electric generators water heaters fireplaces (gas/wood burning) wood stoves space heaters coal or oil furnaces car exhaust fumes power tools tobacco smoke charcoal grills and camp stoves gas-powered lawn mowers and power tools2,3 Carbon monoxide is associated with improper operation or poor ventilation of appliances. Due to the many potential sources of CO, people should be cautious of potential exposure when camping, sailing, ice fishing, or in garages. The outdoor air can also have high concentrations of CO near roads and highways. Smoke inhalation can also lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. How does it affect your health? Everyone is at risk for carbon monoxide poisoning, though unborn babies, children, older adults, and people with chronic heart disease, anemia, or breathing problems are more susceptible to adverse effects. In the United States, 400 people die each year from accidental carbon monoxide poisoning unrelated to fires.4 An additional 20,000 are admitted to the emergency room, while 4,000 victims are hospitalized for symptoms. When carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream, it prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen. CO attaches to the red blood cell hemoglobins that carry oxygen throughout your body. This causes an onset of symptoms similar to that of oxygen deprivation, including: headaches dizziness weakness upset stomach vomiting chest pain blurred vision confusion Because CO poisoning symptoms are flu-like in nature, they’re often ignored or misdiagnosed as being the flu, allergies, stroke, or migraine headache. Though the symptoms can be subtle, it is a life-threatening condition. If you’re experiencing CO poisoning, you should immediately seek both fresh, outdoor air and emergency medical attention.5 How do you prevent carbon monoxide poisoning? Large amounts of carbon monoxide can cause people to pass out. Without proper attention, recovery can be difficult. There are a number of steps you can take to reduce your risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning can be prevented by ensuring proper use and maintenance of all devices running on fossil fuels and by supplying a constant flow of fresh air into your indoor spaces. Keep an eye out for these warning signs of CO poisoning: battery-operated detectors detect carbon monoxide spikes soot streaks near appliances rusting flue pipes excess moisture pilot lights that burn orange or yellow, as opposed to blue chimney has no upward draft6 CO alarms should be installed near bedrooms, indoor walls shared with garages, and near appliances and fuel-burning equipment. Batteries should be regularly replaced and the alarms themselves replaced every 5 to 7 years. Appliances should always be fully vented to the outdoors. When using portable generators, they should be kept at least 25 feet from homes and away from doors and windows. Fireplaces and flues should be cleaned annually. However, homeowners with fireplaces should be aware that any fireplace use can create dangerous indoor air quality. Don’t run cars or mowers in attached garages. If the garage is detached, the car should only be run with the door open.7 What should you do if you hear the CO alarm? If you have a CO alarm installed in your home and the alarm has sounded take the following steps: go outside and get fresh air make sure everyone is accounted for call emergency services don’t go back inside until emergency responders indicate it’s safe Air pollution carries a tremendous human and financial cost. Check out our Cost of Air Pollution counter to learn how the health and economic costs of air pollution poses a far greater challenge to humanity than the cost of reduction.","

What is carbon monoxide?

Carbon monoxide (CO), known as the silent killer, is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon in fossil fuels such as wood, propane, charcoal, oil, gas, coal, or other fuel.

A 2015 study in The American Journal of Emergency Medicine determined that CO poisoning was the second most frequent non-medicinal poisoning death in the United States between 1999 and 2012.¹

CO poisoning occurs when a gas appliance has been incorrectly fitted, badly repaired or poorly maintained, or when flues, chimneys or vents are blocked, cutting off airflow.

Where does it come from?

Carbon monoxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels. Any appliance that burns fossil fuels is a potential carbon monoxide source.
Sources may include:

gas appliances, such as furnaces, ovens, ranges, water heaters, and clothes dryers
electric generators
water heaters
fireplaces (gas/wood burning)
wood stoves
space heaters
coal or oil furnaces
car exhaust fumes
power tools
tobacco smoke
charcoal grills and camp stoves
gas-powered lawn mowers and power tools^2,3\n

Carbon monoxide is associated with improper operation or poor ventilation of appliances. Due to the many potential sources of CO, people should be cautious of potential exposure when camping, sailing, ice fishing, or in garages. The outdoor air can also have high concentrations of CO near roads and highways.

Smoke inhalation can also lead to carbon monoxide poisoning.

How does it affect your health?

Everyone is at risk for carbon monoxide poisoning, though unborn babies, children, older adults, and people with chronic heart disease, anemia, or breathing problems are more susceptible to adverse effects.

In the United States, 400 people die each year from accidental carbon monoxide poisoning unrelated to fires.⁴ An additional 20,000 are admitted to the emergency room, while 4,000 victims are hospitalized for symptoms.

When carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream, it prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen. CO attaches to the red blood cell hemoglobins that carry oxygen throughout your body.

This causes an onset of symptoms similar to that of oxygen deprivation, including:

headaches
dizziness
weakness
upset stomach
vomiting
chest pain
blurred vision
confusion

Because CO poisoning symptoms are flu-like in nature, they’re often ignored or misdiagnosed as being the flu, allergies, stroke, or migraine headache. Though the symptoms can be subtle, it is a life-threatening condition. If you’re experiencing CO poisoning, you should immediately seek both fresh, outdoor air and emergency medical attention.⁵

How do you prevent carbon monoxide poisoning?

Large amounts of carbon monoxide can cause people to pass out. Without proper attention, recovery can be difficult. There are a number of steps you can take to reduce your risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide poisoning can be prevented by ensuring proper use and maintenance of all devices running on fossil fuels and by supplying a constant flow of fresh air into your indoor spaces.

Keep an eye out for these warning signs of CO poisoning:

battery-operated detectors detect carbon monoxide spikes
soot streaks near appliances
rusting flue pipes
excess moisture
pilot lights that burn orange or yellow, as opposed to blue
chimney has no upward draft⁶\n

CO alarms should be installed near bedrooms, indoor walls shared with garages, and near appliances and fuel-burning equipment. Batteries should be regularly replaced and the alarms themselves replaced every 5 to 7 years.

Appliances should always be fully vented to the outdoors.

When using portable generators, they should be kept at least 25 feet from homes and away from doors and windows.

Fireplaces and flues should be cleaned annually. However, homeowners with fireplaces should be aware that any fireplace use can create dangerous indoor air quality.

Don’t run cars or mowers in attached garages. If the garage is detached, the car should only be run with the door open.⁷

What should you do if you hear the CO alarm?

If you have a CO alarm installed in your home and the alarm has sounded take the following steps:

go outside and get fresh air
make sure everyone is accounted for
call emergency services
don’t go back inside until emergency responders indicate it’s safe

Air pollution carries a tremendous human and financial cost. Check out our Cost of Air Pollution counter to learn how the health and economic costs of air pollution poses a far greater challenge to humanity than the cost of reduction.

","carbon-monoxide","gid://shopify/Article/564857438286","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/carbon-monoxide",[1169,720],"Carbon monoxide",{"_10":1254,"_202":1255,"_205":1256,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269420167246","Factory exhaust","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/CO_Desktop_b_b37b2902-856d-4c5d-a564-403b81643467.jpg?v=1751016990",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1258,"_1139":1259,"_1154":1260,"_1156":1260,"_1157":1261,"_1159":1262,"_1008":1263,"_10":1264,"_1163":1265,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1218,"_635":1266,"_599":1267,"_1171":1268},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Sulfur dioxide is a highly reactive gas that reacts to form harmful compounds like sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, and sulfate particles. Learn more.","What is sulfur dioxide?Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas that smells strong, suffocating, and pungent. It is the most common form of sulfur oxide.1 Sulfur dioxide belongs to a group of highly reactive gases called sulfur oxides. Sulfur oxides react easily to form several harmful compounds, such as: sulfuric acid sulfurous acid sulfate particles Where does sulfur dioxide come from?Sulfur dioxide is generated by any industrial activity that uses materials containing sulfur to generate electricity, though it can also be produced by vehicles through fuel combustion. Power plants are the largest source of sulfur dioxide in the United States, India, China, and Europe.2,3 Smelting is the largest source in Canada.4 A smelter complex in Russia and a coal mining province in South Africa are the largest emitters of sulfur dioxide in the world.5Additional sources of sulfur dioxide include:6 coal combustion oil combustion industrial boilers diesel engines volcanoes oceans Nearly all sulfur dioxide emissions in the world are produced by human activity. Less than 2 percent of emissions come from natural sources. Despite the low global emissions of natural sources, satellite tracking of sulfur dioxide emissions found they can be significant. According to a 2017 study published in Scientific Reports, volcanoes emit around 63 kilotons of sulfur dioxide per day.7How does sulfur dioxide affect our health?Short-term sulfur dioxide exposure can have many negative health impacts, including:8 nasal mucus choking irritation to the ears, eyes and throat wheezing chest tightness shortness of breath Long-term exposure to sulfur dioxide can lead to more serious problems, such as: respiratory illness alterations in the lungs’ defenses increased cardiovascular disease Breathing complications are more common in children, older adults, asthmatic people, or people who are active outdoors.9 People who live downwind from volcanoes may also be exposed to dangerous levels of sulfur dioxide.A 2010 study published in Environmental Research found that sulfur dioxide was linked to daily mortality in four Asian cities.10What is sulfur dioxide used for?Sulfur dioxide has numerous industrial and commercial uses, such as:11 food additives lubricant adhesive disinfectant refrigerant bleach A 2012 study published in Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench noted that between 3 and 10 percent of adult asthmatics may experience dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms when exposed to sulfite additives.12In addition, a 2017 study published in PLOS One demonstrated that sulfites in preservatives could inhibit beneficial gut bacteria.13What are the environmental impacts of sulfur dioxide?By itself, sulfur dioxide can damage the environment. Adverse effects of sulfur dioxide emissions include:14 respiratory problems for both humans and livestock damage to vegetation damage to buildings and materials Sulfur dioxide is a precursor to acid rain, which can cause acidification of lakes and soils as well as accelerate the deterioration of buildings.When sulfate particles are combined with other compounds like ammonia, they can become particulate matter, or PM2.5. PM2.5 impacts the environment in many of the same ways that sulfur dioxide does. Is sulfur dioxide a greenhouse gas?Sulfur dioxides are considered indirect greenhouse gases, along with nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, and non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs).15 An indirect greenhouse gas has an effect on atmospheric warming through either chemical reaction or changing the Earth’s capability to balance radiative energy.16Sulfur dioxide is a contributor to aerosols, which can absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere or cool the atmosphere by creating cloud droplets that reflect sunlight.What is being done to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions?Power plants are the biggest global contributor to sulfur dioxide emissions. Power plant sulfur dioxide control strategies have reduced emissions by about 80 percent between 2005 to 2015 in the eastern United States.17,18The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Aura satellite observed global changes in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide levels starting in October 2004. At that time, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the Ohio Valley emitted the most sulfur dioxide in the U.S. from coal-fired plants. The region demonstrated dramatic declines in emissions over the ten-year period.Investigators suggest that the decline followed the use of flue gas de-sulfurization, fuel switches from coal to natural gas, and some older coal power plants shutting down. Market-based cap and trade programs as well as state and federal regulations have also encouraged emission control technologies.Data from the satellite, checked against surface monitoring stations, found that much of Canada’s sulfur dioxide emissions had also significantly decreased between 2005 to 2014.19 The Canadian government credits regulations and international agreements, such as the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement, with improving air quality. The exception to the downward trend in sulfur dioxide emissions is Canada’s oil sands in Alberta, which has remained a constant emissions hotspot visible from space.20Reductions in urban emissions will not necessarily remove all sulfur dioxide pollutants from the air.21 A 2015 article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America suggested that sulfur dioxide will continue to interact with rurally-generated methane to form particulate pollution, though at substantially lower rates than fossil fuel production. Government regulations have improved air quality in some places, but there remains work to be done. Many cities around the globe bear a financial and humanitarian burden from severe air pollution.Learn more through our Cost of Air Pollution counter to see how clean air saves lives and preserves economic prosperity.","

What is sulfur dioxide?

Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas that smells strong, suffocating, and pungent. It is the most common form of sulfur oxide.¹
\n\nSulfur dioxide belongs to a group of highly reactive gases called sulfur oxides. Sulfur oxides react easily to form several harmful compounds, such as:

sulfuric acid
sulfurous acid
sulfate particles

Where does sulfur dioxide come from?

Sulfur dioxide is generated by any industrial activity that uses materials containing sulfur to generate electricity, though it can also be produced by vehicles through fuel combustion.
\n\nPower plants are the largest source of sulfur dioxide in the United States, India, China, and Europe.^2,3 Smelting is the largest source in Canada.⁴ A smelter complex in Russia and a coal mining province in South Africa are the largest emitters of sulfur dioxide in the world.⁵

Additional sources of sulfur dioxide include:⁶

coal combustion
oil combustion
industrial boilers
diesel engines
volcanoes
oceans

Nearly all sulfur dioxide emissions in the world are produced by human activity. Less than 2 percent of emissions come from natural sources.
\n\nDespite the low global emissions of natural sources, satellite tracking of sulfur dioxide emissions found they can be significant. According to a 2017 study published in Scientific Reports, volcanoes emit around 63 kilotons of sulfur dioxide per day.⁷

How does sulfur dioxide affect our health?

Short-term sulfur dioxide exposure can have many negative health impacts, including:⁸

nasal mucus
choking
irritation to the ears, eyes and throat
wheezing
chest tightness
shortness of breath

Long-term exposure to sulfur dioxide can lead to more serious problems, such as:

respiratory illness
alterations in the lungs’ defenses
increased cardiovascular disease

Breathing complications are more common in children, older adults, asthmatic people, or people who are active outdoors.⁹ People who live downwind from volcanoes may also be exposed to dangerous levels of sulfur dioxide.

A 2010 study published in Environmental Research found that sulfur dioxide was linked to daily mortality in four Asian cities.¹⁰

What is sulfur dioxide used for?

Sulfur dioxide has numerous industrial and commercial uses, such as:¹¹

food additives
lubricant
adhesive
disinfectant
refrigerant
bleach

A 2012 study published in Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench noted that between 3 and 10 percent of adult asthmatics may experience dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms when exposed to sulfite additives.¹²

In addition, a 2017 study published in PLOS One demonstrated that sulfites in preservatives could inhibit beneficial gut bacteria.¹³

What are the environmental impacts of sulfur dioxide?

By itself, sulfur dioxide can damage the environment. Adverse effects of sulfur dioxide emissions include:¹⁴

respiratory problems for both humans and livestock
damage to vegetation
damage to buildings and materials

Sulfur dioxide is a precursor to acid rain, which can cause acidification of lakes and soils as well as accelerate the deterioration of buildings.

When sulfate particles are combined with other compounds like ammonia, they can become particulate matter, or PM2.5. PM2.5 impacts the environment in many of the same ways that sulfur dioxide does.

Is sulfur dioxide a greenhouse gas?

Sulfur dioxides are considered indirect greenhouse gases, along with nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, and non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs).¹⁵ An indirect greenhouse gas has an effect on atmospheric warming through either chemical reaction or changing the Earth’s capability to balance radiative energy.¹⁶

Sulfur dioxide is a contributor to aerosols, which can absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere or cool the atmosphere by creating cloud droplets that reflect sunlight.

What is being done to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions?

Power plants are the biggest global contributor to sulfur dioxide emissions. Power plant sulfur dioxide control strategies have reduced emissions by about 80 percent between 2005 to 2015 in the eastern United States.^17,18

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Aura satellite observed global changes in sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide levels starting in October 2004. At that time, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the Ohio Valley emitted the most sulfur dioxide in the U.S. from coal-fired plants. The region demonstrated dramatic declines in emissions over the ten-year period.

Investigators suggest that the decline followed the use of flue gas de-sulfurization, fuel switches from coal to natural gas, and some older coal power plants shutting down. Market-based cap and trade programs as well as state and federal regulations have also encouraged emission control technologies.

Data from the satellite, checked against surface monitoring stations, found that much of Canada’s sulfur dioxide emissions had also significantly decreased between 2005 to 2014.¹⁹ The Canadian government credits regulations and international agreements, such as the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement, with improving air quality. The exception to the downward trend in sulfur dioxide emissions is Canada’s oil sands in Alberta, which has remained a constant emissions hotspot visible from space.²⁰

Reductions in urban emissions will not necessarily remove all sulfur dioxide pollutants from the air.²¹ A 2015 article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America suggested that sulfur dioxide will continue to interact with rurally-generated methane to form particulate pollution, though at substantially lower rates than fossil fuel production.

Government regulations have improved air quality in some places, but there remains work to be done. Many cities around the globe bear a financial and humanitarian burden from severe air pollution.

Learn more through our Cost of Air Pollution counter to see how clean air saves lives and preserves economic prosperity.
\n\n

","sulphur-dioxide","gid://shopify/Article/564857372750","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/sulphur-dioxide",[1169,720],"Sulfur dioxide",{"_10":1269,"_202":1255,"_205":1270,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/270996176974","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/SulphD_Desk_b_411ec58b-b825-4dd5-b76b-d7b810fcfa4b.jpg?v=1765218522","pageInfo",{"_1273":71,"_1274":45,"_1275":1276,"_1277":1278},"hasPreviousPage","hasNextPage","endCursor","eyJsYXN0X2lkIjo1NjQ4NTczNzI3NTAsImxhc3RfdmFsdWUiOjE0NDI4NTYyNzkwMDAsIm9mZnNldCI6MTh9","startCursor","eyJsYXN0X2lkIjo1NjQ4NTkwNDM5MTgsImxhc3RfdmFsdWUiOjE0NjY0NDM0NzkwMDAsIm9mZnNldCI6MTJ9","selectedTag",{"_599":1281,"_1006":43,"_205":1010,"_1011":1282},"Air Quality News - Resources",{"_1013":1014,"_1015":1283,"_12":1281,"_1006":43,"_205":1010},"Blog","categorizedArticles",{"_1286":1287,"_1325":1326,"_1429":1430,"_1496":1497,"_1567":1568},"featured",[1288,1308],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1289,"_1139":1290,"_1154":1291,"_1156":1292,"_1157":1293,"_1159":1294,"_1008":1295,"_10":1296,"_1163":1297,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1298,"_635":1299,"_599":1301,"_1171":1302},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"CADR measures how quickly an air purifier cleans the air. Learn how it works—and why it should be considered alongside long-term performance metrics like CCM.","

CADR measures how quickly an air purifier cleans the air. Learn how it works—and why it should be considered alongside long-term performance metrics like CCM.

","When choosing an air purifier, one of the first numbers people encounter is CADR—but it is also one of the most misunderstood. CADR, or Clean Air Delivery Rate, measures how quickly an air purifier can clean the air in a space. It is often used to compare different models, but on its own it does not reflect how an air purifier performs in real-world conditions over time. CADR focuses on short-term performance—how quickly clean air is delivered under specific conditions—rather than how long that performance can be maintained. Understanding how CADR works—and how it differs from other metrics like CCM—can make it easier to choose a system that matches both the size of a space and how performance will hold over time. What CADR actually measures CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier removes particles from the air. It combines airflow and filter efficiency to estimate how fast clean air is delivered within a given space. In practical terms, this means CADR indicates how quickly airborne particles can be cleared—but not how consistently that performance will hold over time. CADR measures the removal rate of airborne particles as small as 0.09 microns to as large as 11 microns (1)(2). It reflects how filter efficiency and airflow interact within a given space, but is limited to measuring performance speed rather than long-term usage. CADR is often presented alongside CCM, but the two metrics reflect very different aspects of performance. CADR focuses on how quickly clean air is delivered, while CCM indicates how much pollution a system can handle before its performance begins to decline. The limitation of CADR: Speed vs long-term performance While CADR is commonly used to compare how quickly an air purifier works, it does not indicate how performance will hold over time. As filters load with particles and gases, airflow and efficiency can change—something CADR does not capture. Many air purifiers perform well when new but lose effectiveness as filters become saturated. As a result, CADR alone gives an incomplete—or even misleading—picture of how an air purifier will perform outside of controlled test conditions. CADR vs CCM: Speed vs endurance While CADR measures speed, CCM focuses on endurance. It tracks how much pollution an air purifier can remove over time before its performance begins to decline. CCM ratings are grouped into standardized tiers for particulate matter (P) and formaldehyde (F), which indicate how much pollution an air purifier can handle before its performance begins to decline. Higher tiers represent greater long-term filtration capacity and more stable performance over time. Particulate Matter Formaldehyde P1 3000 – 5000 mg F1 300 – 600 mg P2 5000 – 8000 mg F2 600 – 1000 mg P3 8000 – 12000 mg F3 1000 – 1500 mg P4 > 12,000 mg F4 > 1500 mg In practical terms, higher P and F values indicate that an air purifier can handle more pollution before its performance drops—making these tiers a useful way to compare long-term effectiveness. For example, a system rated at P4 can remove significantly more particulate matter before performance declines than one rated at P1. Compared to CADR, CCM reflects long-term filtration performance rather than short-term speed. In practice, CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier performs under initial test conditions, while CCM provides clearer insight into how that performance holds up over time. How to evaluate air purifier performance in real-world use Understanding how an air purifier is tested can help clarify how it will perform in real-world use. If a system is too small for a space, or if performance declines over time, airborne particles may remain present. Systems with higher CCM levels are more likely to maintain consistent performance over time, which can be especially relevant for sensitive or allergy-prone groups. CCM values reflect long-term filtration capacity. Some systems are designed to maintain performance over extended use, which is reflected in higher CCM values. Some air purifiers are designed to perform strongly across both metrics. For example, systems using high-efficiency filtration, such as IQAir systems using HyperHEPA filtration, are designed to capture ultrafine particles efficiently while maintaining long-term performance. Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between CADR and CCM? CADR measures initial short-term performance quality, calculating the rate or speed of which airborne particulate matter is cleaned and recycled. CCM measures long-term performance longevity, calculating the sheer amount of pollutant particles that are collected by an air purifier before the device begins to lose efficiency. The key difference is the short-term versus long-term measurements. What is more important to consider, CADR or CCM? While both CADR and CCM are important to consider in general, CCM provides a clearer understanding of air purifier quality and filtration over time. When choosing an air purifier, CCM values give a direct ranking on which system is going to last the longest while maintaining powerful filtration. Do all air purifiers have CADR and/or CCM ratings? Most air purifiers should have either a CADR or CCM rating listed; however, at-home calculations and trial runs can be performed to calculate the values. How is CADR measured by room? A CADR rating should be 2/3 the value of the room’s square footage that the air purifier is housed in. For instance, if a room is 180 square feet, then an air purifier with a CADR of 120 should be used. Conclusion CADR and CCM measure different aspects of air purifier performance: speed and endurance. Looking beyond CADR to include metrics like CCM provides a clearer picture of how an air purifier will perform—not just when it is new, but over time.","

When choosing an air purifier, one of the first numbers people encounter is CADR—but it is also one of the most misunderstood.

CADR, or Clean Air Delivery Rate, measures how quickly an air purifier can clean the air in a space. It is often used to compare different models, but on its own it does not reflect how an air purifier performs in real-world conditions over time. CADR focuses on short-term performance—how quickly clean air is delivered under specific conditions—rather than how long that performance can be maintained.

Understanding how CADR works—and how it differs from other metrics like CCM—can make it easier to choose a system that matches both the size of a space and how performance will hold over time.

What CADR actually measures

CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier removes particles from the air. It combines airflow and filter efficiency to estimate how fast clean air is delivered within a given space.

In practical terms, this means CADR indicates how quickly airborne particles can be cleared—but not how consistently that performance will hold over time.

CADR measures the removal rate of airborne particles as small as 0.09 microns to as large as 11 microns (1)(2). It reflects how filter efficiency and airflow interact within a given space, but is limited to measuring performance speed rather than long-term usage.

CADR is often presented alongside CCM, but the two metrics reflect very different aspects of performance. CADR focuses on how quickly clean air is delivered, while CCM indicates how much pollution a system can handle before its performance begins to decline.

The limitation of CADR: Speed vs long-term performance

While CADR is commonly used to compare how quickly an air purifier works, it does not indicate how performance will hold over time.

As filters load with particles and gases, airflow and efficiency can change—something CADR does not capture. Many air purifiers perform well when new but lose effectiveness as filters become saturated.

As a result, CADR alone gives an incomplete—or even misleading—picture of how an air purifier will perform outside of controlled test conditions.

CADR vs CCM: Speed vs endurance

While CADR measures speed, CCM focuses on endurance. It tracks how much pollution an air purifier can remove over time before its performance begins to decline.

CCM ratings are grouped into standardized tiers for particulate matter (P) and formaldehyde (F), which indicate how much pollution an air purifier can handle before its performance begins to decline. Higher tiers represent greater long-term filtration capacity and more stable performance over time.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Particulate Matter	Formaldehyde
P1	3000 – 5000 mg	F1	300 – 600 mg
P2	5000 – 8000 mg	F2	600 – 1000 mg
P3	8000 – 12000 mg	F3	1000 – 1500 mg
P4	> 12,000 mg	F4	> 1500 mg

In practical terms, higher P and F values indicate that an air purifier can handle more pollution before its performance drops—making these tiers a useful way to compare long-term effectiveness. For example, a system rated at P4 can remove significantly more particulate matter before performance declines than one rated at P1.

Compared to CADR, CCM reflects long-term filtration performance rather than short-term speed.

In practice, CADR reflects how quickly an air purifier performs under initial test conditions, while CCM provides clearer insight into how that performance holds up over time.

How to evaluate air purifier performance in real-world use

Understanding how an air purifier is tested can help clarify how it will perform in real-world use. If a system is too small for a space, or if performance declines over time, airborne particles may remain present. Systems with higher CCM levels are more likely to maintain consistent performance over time, which can be especially relevant for sensitive or allergy-prone groups.

CCM values reflect long-term filtration capacity. Some systems are designed to maintain performance over extended use, which is reflected in higher CCM values.

Some air purifiers are designed to perform strongly across both metrics. For example, systems using high-efficiency filtration, such as IQAir systems using HyperHEPA filtration, are designed to capture ultrafine particles efficiently while maintaining long-term performance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between CADR and CCM?

CADR measures initial short-term performance quality, calculating the rate or speed of which airborne particulate matter is cleaned and recycled. CCM measures long-term performance longevity, calculating the sheer amount of pollutant particles that are collected by an air purifier before the device begins to lose efficiency. The key difference is the short-term versus long-term measurements.

What is more important to consider, CADR or CCM?

While both CADR and CCM are important to consider in general, CCM provides a clearer understanding of air purifier quality and filtration over time. When choosing an air purifier, CCM values give a direct ranking on which system is going to last the longest while maintaining powerful filtration.

Do all air purifiers have CADR and/or CCM ratings?

Most air purifiers should have either a CADR or CCM rating listed; however, at-home calculations and trial runs can be performed to calculate the values.

How is CADR measured by room?

A CADR rating should be 2/3 the value of the room’s square footage that the air purifier is housed in. For instance, if a room is 180 square feet, then an air purifier with a CADR of 120 should be used.

Conclusion

CADR and CCM measure different aspects of air purifier performance: speed and endurance. Looking beyond CADR to include metrics like CCM provides a clearer picture of how an air purifier will perform—not just when it is new, but over time.

","what-cadr-means-and-how-to-choose-an-air-purifier","gid://shopify/Article/641380089934","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/what-cadr-means-and-how-to-choose-an-air-purifier","2026-05-12T15:00:00Z",[912,1300],"Featured articles","What CADR means and how to choose an air purifier",{"_10":1303,"_202":1304,"_205":1305,"_207":1306,"_203":1307},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273257267278","Air purifier next to fireplace","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Article_WhatsACADRRating_D_b41be4f3-a6e7-4b6d-aedc-ffabb0a0c40d.jpg?v=1778599072",839,674,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1309,"_1139":1310,"_1154":1311,"_1156":1312,"_1157":1313,"_1159":1314,"_1008":1315,"_10":1316,"_1163":1317,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1318,"_635":1319,"_599":1320,"_1171":1321},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"See how EarthMuseum is teaching the next generation how to monitor air quality and address air pollution through data.","

See how EarthMuseum is teaching the next generation how to monitor air quality and address air pollution through data.

","“Our program gives students a way to work with real-world data—so they’re not just learning about air quality, they’re actually seeing it and responding to it,” said Janet Owen, Founder and Director of EarthMuseum Learn. Through its collaboration with IQAir, EarthMuseum Learn, a not-for-profit focused on global, cross-curricular education, is piloting Air We Breathe—an air quality learning and monitoring program that helps students understand pollution in context and think more critically about what it means (1). As part of a free wider learning program, schools use IQAir’s AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitors and AirVisual dashboard to measure the air around them and publish an analysis of those readings to a shared collaboration platform. Instead of relying on static examples, students work with live data—conditions that change throughout the day and can be followed over time. For many, it’s the first time air pollution is something they can track directly using data generated by their own school. Rather than focusing on a single location or data contributor, the program is designed to connect many, linking classrooms through a common learning framework and shared data. Learning that starts with context Developed with educators and subject experts, the Air We Breathe program is designed for students ages 7 to 14. It’s free for schools worldwide and built to fit into existing curricula. The program moves between history, science, and present-day air quality. Lessons explore how air pollution has developed over time, from early human activity through the industrial period and into the present. They also look at how air quality connects to health, climate, and the way communities function, with an opportunity to think about local innovation and action. That shared structure makes it possible for schools in different locations to engage with the same material at the same time, creating a common starting point for comparison. It’s not about delivering a fixed set of facts. Students are encouraged to question, discuss, and form their own views. As Owen put it, the program is built around “the ability to have conversations about what air quality and air pollution are, and what they mean in a worldview context.” That foundation becomes more meaningful once students begin working with real-world data. Working with data from their own environment Each school uses an IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor to measure local air quality. Those readings feed into the IQAir platform, where they can be accessed through the AirVisual app, desktop dashboard, and global air quality map. Students aren’t just checking the numbers. They follow how readings change over time, compare patterns across different days, and begin asking why those changes happen. Owen described it simply: students are “playing with the data, looking at the data, comparing their data with others.” For EarthMuseum Learn, the appeal of the system was not just the data itself, but how easily it could be used across different classrooms globally. Once tested, Owen said, “it was pretty straightforward to set up,” and “very communicative in terms of the data.” The platform also places those readings alongside a much wider network of stations, contributed by governments, organizations, and individuals around the world. That context makes it easier to see how local conditions fit into a broader picture. In practice, each school becomes one point within a much larger network of observations. Comparing across locations Students have the ability to look at their own data alongside readings from partner schools in other regions, from nearby cities to entirely different countries. Seeing those differences tends to raise immediate questions. Owen said students begin to ask, “Why are levels higher in one place than another? What local factors might be involved? How do infrastructure, geography, or policy play a role?” For the program, that exchange is central. It’s about “that ability to compare and contrast, to talk, to discuss, and to understand what’s happening in different places.” What starts as a local exercise becomes something shared, and something that allows students to see their community in a global context. Understanding how air quality data is created Alongside real-time monitoring, students take manual readings at set intervals, recording and sharing those observations through EarthMuseum Learn’s developing collaborative platform. For many, this is their first experience working with environmental data in a structured way. It makes them more comfortable reading the numbers and talking about what those numbers mean. Because those observations are shared across schools, they don’t stay local—they contribute to a broader, collective view. From observation to response Students are encouraged to consider what their observations mean in practical terms—for themselves, for their school, and for the wider community. Sometimes that may lead to small changes in the school environment. In other cases, it can develop into campaigns or presentations shared with local decision-makers. Owen said, “Students see that data isn’t just something on a screen, or something collected in a vacuum. They see how it’s interpreted—and how it can help make an impact in their world.” That thinking is shaped not only by their own data, but by what they see happening in other schools. As Owen framed it: “What does that mean for me individually? What does that mean for us as a school? What does that mean for the community?” Teachers involved in early pilots have already seen the conversation extend beyond the classroom. Students bring the subject home with them, and it starts to shape discussions with teachers, parents, and peers. “There’s a real appetite… to have those conversations—not just with each other, but with teachers and with parents,” Owen said. Building a connected model Work with schools in the UK now includes international partners, with classrooms in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia beginning to take part. Additional school networks are in discussion. As more schools install monitors and publish data, the project is gradually forming a distributed network of classrooms, each contributing its own data and perspective. Because the same monitoring and platform infrastructure can be used across regions, schools are able to participate in a shared system without needing to adapt the technical setup each time. Over time, individual data points begin to form a connected system across schools. For EarthMuseum Learn, the goal is not simply to grow, but to build something that keeps those classrooms connected rather than operating in isolation. Conclusion EarthMuseum Learn offers one way to bring environmental learning closer to students’ daily experience. By combining real-time monitoring with classroom teaching and global data sharing, the program gives students a way to follow air quality through observation, comparison, and discussion. It also suggests a different way of teaching these topics—one where classrooms are connected through shared data and analysis instead of working in isolation.","

“Our program gives students a way to work with real-world data—so they’re not just learning about air quality, they’re actually seeing it and responding to it,” said Janet Owen, Founder and Director of EarthMuseum Learn.

Through its collaboration with IQAir, EarthMuseum Learn, a not-for-profit focused on global, cross-curricular education, is piloting Air We Breathe—an air quality learning and monitoring program that helps students understand pollution in context and think more critically about what it means (1).

As part of a free wider learning program, schools use IQAir’s AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitors and AirVisual dashboard to measure the air around them and publish an analysis of those readings to a shared collaboration platform. Instead of relying on static examples, students work with live data—conditions that change throughout the day and can be followed over time.

For many, it’s the first time air pollution is something they can track directly using data generated by their own school.

Rather than focusing on a single location or data contributor, the program is designed to connect many, linking classrooms through a common learning framework and shared data.

Learning that starts with context

Developed with educators and subject experts, the Air We Breathe program is designed for students ages 7 to 14. It’s free for schools worldwide and built to fit into existing curricula.

The program moves between history, science, and present-day air quality. Lessons explore how air pollution has developed over time, from early human activity through the industrial period and into the present. They also look at how air quality connects to health, climate, and the way communities function, with an opportunity to think about local innovation and action. That shared structure makes it possible for schools in different locations to engage with the same material at the same time, creating a common starting point for comparison.

It’s not about delivering a fixed set of facts. Students are encouraged to question, discuss, and form their own views. As Owen put it, the program is built around “the ability to have conversations about what air quality and air pollution are, and what they mean in a worldview context.”

That foundation becomes more meaningful once students begin working with real-world data.

Working with data from their own environment

Each school uses an IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor to measure local air quality. Those readings feed into the IQAir platform, where they can be accessed through the AirVisual app, desktop dashboard, and global air quality map.

Students aren’t just checking the numbers. They follow how readings change over time, compare patterns across different days, and begin asking why those changes happen.

Owen described it simply: students are “playing with the data, looking at the data, comparing their data with others.”

For EarthMuseum Learn, the appeal of the system was not just the data itself, but how easily it could be used across different classrooms globally. Once tested, Owen said, “it was pretty straightforward to set up,” and “very communicative in terms of the data.”

The platform also places those readings alongside a much wider network of stations, contributed by governments, organizations, and individuals around the world. That context makes it easier to see how local conditions fit into a broader picture. In practice, each school becomes one point within a much larger network of observations.

Comparing across locations

Students have the ability to look at their own data alongside readings from partner schools in other regions, from nearby cities to entirely different countries.

Seeing those differences tends to raise immediate questions. Owen said students begin to ask, “Why are levels higher in one place than another? What local factors might be involved? How do infrastructure, geography, or policy play a role?” For the program, that exchange is central. It’s about “that ability to compare and contrast, to talk, to discuss, and to understand what’s happening in different places.”

What starts as a local exercise becomes something shared, and something that allows students to see their community in a global context.

Understanding how air quality data is created

Alongside real-time monitoring, students take manual readings at set intervals, recording and sharing those observations through EarthMuseum Learn’s developing collaborative platform.

For many, this is their first experience working with environmental data in a structured way. It makes them more comfortable reading the numbers and talking about what those numbers mean.

Because those observations are shared across schools, they don’t stay local—they contribute to a broader, collective view.

From observation to response

Students are encouraged to consider what their observations mean in practical terms—for themselves, for their school, and for the wider community. Sometimes that may lead to small changes in the school environment. In other cases, it can develop into campaigns or presentations shared with local decision-makers. Owen said, “Students see that data isn’t just something on a screen, or something collected in a vacuum. They see how it’s interpreted—and how it can help make an impact in their world.”

That thinking is shaped not only by their own data, but by what they see happening in other schools.

As Owen framed it: “What does that mean for me individually? What does that mean for us as a school? What does that mean for the community?”

Teachers involved in early pilots have already seen the conversation extend beyond the classroom. Students bring the subject home with them, and it starts to shape discussions with teachers, parents, and peers.

“There’s a real appetite… to have those conversations—not just with each other, but with teachers and with parents,” Owen said.

Building a connected model

Work with schools in the UK now includes international partners, with classrooms in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia beginning to take part. Additional school networks are in discussion.

As more schools install monitors and publish data, the project is gradually forming a distributed network of classrooms, each contributing its own data and perspective.

Because the same monitoring and platform infrastructure can be used across regions, schools are able to participate in a shared system without needing to adapt the technical setup each time. Over time, individual data points begin to form a connected system across schools.

For EarthMuseum Learn, the goal is not simply to grow, but to build something that keeps those classrooms connected rather than operating in isolation.

Conclusion

EarthMuseum Learn offers one way to bring environmental learning closer to students’ daily experience.

By combining real-time monitoring with classroom teaching and global data sharing, the program gives students a way to follow air quality through observation, comparison, and discussion. It also suggests a different way of teaching these topics—one where classrooms are connected through shared data and analysis instead of working in isolation.

","earthmuseum-learn-connects-classrooms-through-air-quality-data","gid://shopify/Article/641496842318","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/earthmuseum-learn-connects-classrooms-through-air-quality-data","2026-05-11T15:00:00Z",[705,1300,710],"Revealing the Invisible: EarthMuseum Learn connects classrooms through air quality data",{"_10":1322,"_202":1323,"_205":1324,"_207":1306,"_203":1307},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273242423374","Students participating in an EarthMuseum Learn classroom activity.","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Article_EarthMuseum_D.jpg?v=1778512778","latest",[1327,1345,1363,1379,1396,1412],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1328,"_1139":1329,"_1154":1330,"_1156":1331,"_1157":1332,"_1159":1333,"_1008":1334,"_10":1335,"_1163":1336,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1337,"_635":1338,"_599":1340,"_1171":1341},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about the Pineland Road Fire and its impact on communities in southern Georgia.","

Find out more about the Pineland Road Fire and its impact on communities in southern Georgia.

","What is the name and location of the wildfire? As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire is burning in southern Georgia across Clinch and Echols counties. The fire is located approximately 5 miles west of Colon Road and Mud Camp Pineland Road, near Highway 441 and close to the Suwannee River at the boundary between the two counties (1). Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire? The cities and areas affected by the Pineland Road Fire include: Colon Echols County Fargo Highway area Needmore Fruitland Regions near Headlight Road Regions near Tiger Lake Road Regions near Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road What is the current containment status of the Pineland Road Fire? As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire has burned approximately 32,031 acres and is 90% contained. Firefighting crews continue suppression efforts under challenging conditions, including severe drought, low humidity, strong winds, and difficult swampy terrain. Full containment is not expected until late May (2). Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place? A mandatory evacuation order is in effect for all of Fruitland in Echols County. Residents are urged to leave immediately, take essentials, pets, and medications, and follow official exit routes and instructions. Evacuation alerts remain in place for residents near Highway 441 between Headlight Road and Tiger Lake Road, as well as areas east of Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road. Officials advise residents not to return to evacuated areas until authorities declare it safe. Evacuation shelters have been opened, including Venture of Faith Camp in Lake Park and Camp Rock in Valdosta (3). How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke? Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke. Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. As of May 16, 2026, this fire is 90% contained.","

What is the name and location of the wildfire?

As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire is burning in southern Georgia across Clinch and Echols counties.

The fire is located approximately 5 miles west of Colon Road and Mud Camp Pineland Road, near Highway 441 and close to the Suwannee River at the boundary between the two counties (1).

Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire?

The cities and areas affected by the Pineland Road Fire include:

Colon
Echols County
Fargo Highway area
Needmore
Fruitland
Regions near Headlight Road
Regions near Tiger Lake Road
Regions near Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road

What is the current containment status of the Pineland Road Fire?

As of May 16, 2026, the Pineland Road Fire has burned approximately 32,031 acres and is 90% contained.

Firefighting crews continue suppression efforts under challenging conditions, including severe drought, low humidity, strong winds, and difficult swampy terrain. Full containment is not expected until late May (2).

Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place?

A mandatory evacuation order is in effect for all of Fruitland in Echols County. Residents are urged to leave immediately, take essentials, pets, and medications, and follow official exit routes and instructions.

Evacuation alerts remain in place for residents near Highway 441 between Headlight Road and Tiger Lake Road, as well as areas east of Will Rewis Road and Barnes Road. Officials advise residents not to return to evacuated areas until authorities declare it safe.

Evacuation shelters have been opened, including Venture of Faith Camp in Lake Park and Camp Rock in Valdosta (3).

How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke?

Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke.

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n

As of May 16, 2026, this fire is 90% contained.

","wildfire-map-spotlight-pineland-road-fire-georgia","gid://shopify/Article/641403387982","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/wildfire-map-spotlight-pineland-road-fire-georgia","2026-05-16T07:10:07Z",[1169,700,1339,725],"Wildfire","Wildfire Map Spotlight: Pineland Road Fire, Georgia",{"_10":1342,"_202":1343,"_205":1344,"_207":1306,"_203":1307},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273308549198","Wildfire engulfs a dense forest","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Wildfire9Desktop_63861816-5125-443c-88a3-2eb9844139ed.jpg?v=1778915412",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1346,"_1139":1347,"_1154":1348,"_1156":1349,"_1157":1350,"_1159":1351,"_1008":1352,"_10":1353,"_1163":1354,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1355,"_635":1356,"_599":1357,"_1171":1358},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about the ongoing Mayon Volcano eruption in Albay Province, including affected communities, evacuation measures, and volcanic activity updates.","

Find out more about the ongoing Mayon Volcano eruption in Albay Province, including affected communities, evacuation measures, and volcanic activity updates.

","What is the name and location of the volcano? As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano is actively erupting in Albay Province in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. Located approximately 330 kilometers southeast of Manila in the province of Albay, Mayon Volcano is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for frequent volcanic eruptions and seismic activity. The volcano rises prominently near the municipalities of Camalig and Guinobatan, and the city of Ligao. It is internationally recognized for its remarkably symmetrical cone shape, making it one of the Philippines’ most iconic natural landmarks. Authorities continue to closely monitor volcanic activity and potential hazards within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater. (1) Which cities or areas are affected by the volcano? The following areas have been affected by ongoing volcanic activity from Mayon Volcano: Albay Province Basud Bonga Camalig Cagsawa Guinobatan Legazpi Ligao City Mi-isi Gully Misi At least 124 barangays across Albay Province have been affected by ashfall, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, and volcanic activity. What is the current containment status of the volcano? As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano remains under Alert Level 3 as volcanic unrest continues across the region. PHIVOLCS reported that the volcano has been undergoing an effusive eruption for 131 consecutive days, producing continuous lava flows, collapse-fed pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, volcanic earthquakes, and minor strombolian activity at the summit crater. Lava flows have extended up to 3.8 kilometers along Basud Gully, 3.2 kilometers along Bonga Gully, and 1.6 kilometers along Mi-isi Gully (2). Monitoring data also recorded 71 volcanic earthquakes, 421 rockfall events, sulfur dioxide emissions averaging 889 tonnes per day, and ongoing ground deformation around the volcano. Authorities continue enforcing restrictions within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone because hazardous eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and sudden explosive activity remain possible (3). Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place? Authorities continue to enforce Alert Level 3 at Mayon Volcano and prohibit entry into the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater. PHIVOLCS has warned residents and visitors to remain outside restricted zones because lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, ashfall, and sudden explosive eruptions may occur without warning. More than 287,000 people across the Philippines remain displaced or are sheltering due to the prolonged eruption. Evacuation centers across Albay Province continue housing thousands of families as emergency response teams coordinate relief operations, distribute protective supplies, and monitor conditions in affected communities. Authorities are also preparing for additional risks associated with the approaching rainy season, including lahars and flooding in communities surrounding the volcano. How can I protect myself from volcanic smoke? Always plan ahead to protect yourself from a volcanic eruption. Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter volcanic smoke. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.","

What is the name and location of the volcano?

As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano is actively erupting in Albay Province in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines.

Located approximately 330 kilometers southeast of Manila in the province of Albay, Mayon Volcano is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for frequent volcanic eruptions and seismic activity.

The volcano rises prominently near the municipalities of Camalig and Guinobatan, and the city of Ligao. It is internationally recognized for its remarkably symmetrical cone shape, making it one of the Philippines’ most iconic natural landmarks.

Authorities continue to closely monitor volcanic activity and potential hazards within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater. (1)

Which cities or areas are affected by the volcano?

The following areas have been affected by ongoing volcanic activity from Mayon Volcano:

Albay Province
Basud
Bonga
Camalig
Cagsawa
Guinobatan
Legazpi
Ligao City
Mi-isi Gully
Misi

At least 124 barangays across Albay Province have been affected by ashfall, lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, and volcanic activity.

What is the current containment status of the volcano?

As of May 15, 2026, Mayon Volcano remains under Alert Level 3 as volcanic unrest continues across the region.

PHIVOLCS reported that the volcano has been undergoing an effusive eruption for 131 consecutive days, producing continuous lava flows, collapse-fed pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, volcanic earthquakes, and minor strombolian activity at the summit crater.

Lava flows have extended up to 3.8 kilometers along Basud Gully, 3.2 kilometers along Bonga Gully, and 1.6 kilometers along Mi-isi Gully (2).

Monitoring data also recorded 71 volcanic earthquakes, 421 rockfall events, sulfur dioxide emissions averaging 889 tonnes per day, and ongoing ground deformation around the volcano.

Authorities continue enforcing restrictions within the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone because hazardous eruptions, pyroclastic flows, and sudden explosive activity remain possible (3).

Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place?

Authorities continue to enforce Alert Level 3 at Mayon Volcano and prohibit entry into the six-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone surrounding the crater.

PHIVOLCS has warned residents and visitors to remain outside restricted zones because lava flows, pyroclastic density currents, rockfalls, ashfall, and sudden explosive eruptions may occur without warning.

More than 287,000 people across the Philippines remain displaced or are sheltering due to the prolonged eruption.

Evacuation centers across Albay Province continue housing thousands of families as emergency response teams coordinate relief operations, distribute protective supplies, and monitor conditions in affected communities.

Authorities are also preparing for additional risks associated with the approaching rainy season, including lahars and flooding in communities surrounding the volcano.

How can I protect myself from volcanic smoke?

Always plan ahead to protect yourself from a volcanic eruption.

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter volcanic smoke.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n

","volcanic-eruption-map-spotlight-mayon-volcano-philippines-5-2026","gid://shopify/Article/641502150734","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/volcanic-eruption-map-spotlight-mayon-volcano-philippines-5-2026","2026-05-15T12:29:00Z",[1169],"Volcanic Eruption Map Spotlight: Mayon Volcano, Philippines",{"_10":1359,"_202":1360,"_205":1361,"_207":1362,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273302913102","Volcano erupting","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Volcano1Desktop_84495d4b-5996-4e91-83a7-5380673373ce.jpg?v=1778849833",2800,{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1364,"_1139":1365,"_1154":1366,"_1156":1367,"_1157":1368,"_1159":1369,"_1008":1370,"_10":1371,"_1163":1372,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1373,"_635":1374,"_599":1375,"_1171":1376},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"A severe heatwave is affecting India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, with temperatures exceeding 100°F (38°C) across the region. Learn more about ongoing heat risks and alerts.","

A severe heatwave is affecting India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, with temperatures exceeding 100°F (38°C) across the region. Learn more about ongoing heat risks and alerts.

","Why is there a heatwave in South Asia? A prolonged heatwave is affecting South Asia, driven by strong high-pressure systems that trap hot air near the surface. Temperatures in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan have soared well above seasonal averages, with some areas approaching or exceeding 45-50 degrees Celsius (113-122 degrees Fahrenheit). The heat arrived earlier than the typical May-June season. High-pressure systems dominate, trapping hot air near the surface like a dome, preventing it from rising and cooling, while sinking air compresses, warms, and blocks clouds, allowing relentless solar heating (1). Climate scientists say meteorological conditions are up to 4°C warmer than in the past, mostly ascribing the increased heat to human-driven climate change. Which cities or areas are affected by the heatwave? Several major cities across South Asia are experiencing extreme heat during this heatwave event, some of the affected include: India: Aheri, Ahmedabad, Agra, Delhi, Dhanbad, Indore, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Macherla, Nagpur, Nanded, Prayagraj, Raipur, Sambalpur and Solapur. Pakistan: Bahawalpur, Dadu, Hyderabad, Lahore, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, Sibi, Sukkur and Turbat. Afghanistan: Lashkar Gah and Mirabad. How long will the heatwave last? The heatwave began in early April 2026 and is expected to persist through the summer months. In India, forecasts indicate above-normal heatwave days throughout the April-June period. The India Meteorological Department chief stated there will be an increased number of heatwave conditions along the east coast states and Gujarat by about four to five days into the month of May (2). Pakistan's meteorological department (PMD) has warned of continued heatwave conditions across central and upper Sindh for several days to weeks. This long-term pattern means temperatures will likely remain above 100°F (38°C) throughout the summer season across much of the region, until the monsoon season provides relief (3). In Afghanistan, summer heat typically lasts from May through September, with temperatures in southern regions like Kandahar reaching 36-43°C (97-109°F). It is possible that a strong El Niño projected for this summer may also contribute to more intense, longer-lasting heat waves and dry weather in South Asia (4). Are there any alerts in place? Multiple heat alerts are active across South Asia. In India, several regions in Gujarat were placed under orange alert status, indicating heatwave conditions and heightened probability of heat-related illnesses (5). The Uttar Pradesh Government issued directives for hospitals to prepare for increased cases of heat-related illnesses and alerted veterinarian teams to ensure adequate shelter and water for livestock. The India Meteorological Department continues issuing warnings for severe heatwave conditions in western regions and along the coast. In Pakistan, the PMD forecast continued heatwave conditions and urged citizens to avoid exposure to direct sunlight during daytime and remain hydrated. Both countries have Heat Action Plans coordinated through disaster management authorities (6). Afghanistan's extreme summer heat typically affects outdoor workers and vulnerable populations, though formal heat-specific alert systems are limited compared to neighboring countries. Residents are advised to stay in air-conditioned spaces, avoid direct sun exposure, drink fluids, and check on elderly individuals. Outdoor workers should reschedule activities to cooler hours.","

Why is there a heatwave in South Asia?

A prolonged heatwave is affecting South Asia, driven by strong high-pressure systems that trap hot air near the surface. Temperatures in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan have soared well above seasonal averages, with some areas approaching or exceeding 45-50 degrees Celsius (113-122 degrees Fahrenheit).

The heat arrived earlier than the typical May-June season. High-pressure systems dominate, trapping hot air near the surface like a dome, preventing it from rising and cooling, while sinking air compresses, warms, and blocks clouds, allowing relentless solar heating (1).

Climate scientists say meteorological conditions are up to 4°C warmer than in the past, mostly ascribing the increased heat to human-driven climate change.

Which cities or areas are affected by the heatwave?

Several major cities across South Asia are experiencing extreme heat during this heatwave event, some of the affected include:

\nIndia: Aheri, Ahmedabad, Agra, Delhi, Dhanbad, Indore, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Macherla, Nagpur, Nanded, Prayagraj, Raipur, Sambalpur and Solapur.
\nPakistan: Bahawalpur, Dadu, Hyderabad, Lahore, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, Sibi, Sukkur and Turbat.
\nAfghanistan: Lashkar Gah and Mirabad.

How long will the heatwave last?

The heatwave began in early April 2026 and is expected to persist through the summer months. In India, forecasts indicate above-normal heatwave days throughout the April-June period. The India Meteorological Department chief stated there will be an increased number of heatwave conditions along the east coast states and Gujarat by about four to five days into the month of May (2).

Pakistan's meteorological department (PMD) has warned of continued heatwave conditions across central and upper Sindh for several days to weeks. This long-term pattern means temperatures will likely remain above 100°F (38°C) throughout the summer season across much of the region, until the monsoon season provides relief (3).

In Afghanistan, summer heat typically lasts from May through September, with temperatures in southern regions like Kandahar reaching 36-43°C (97-109°F).

It is possible that a strong El Niño projected for this summer may also contribute to more intense, longer-lasting heat waves and dry weather in South Asia (4).

Are there any alerts in place?

Multiple heat alerts are active across South Asia. In India, several regions in Gujarat were placed under orange alert status, indicating heatwave conditions and heightened probability of heat-related illnesses (5).

The Uttar Pradesh Government issued directives for hospitals to prepare for increased cases of heat-related illnesses and alerted veterinarian teams to ensure adequate shelter and water for livestock. The India Meteorological Department continues issuing warnings for severe heatwave conditions in western regions and along the coast.

In Pakistan, the PMD forecast continued heatwave conditions and urged citizens to avoid exposure to direct sunlight during daytime and remain hydrated. Both countries have Heat Action Plans coordinated through disaster management authorities (6).

Afghanistan's extreme summer heat typically affects outdoor workers and vulnerable populations, though formal heat-specific alert systems are limited compared to neighboring countries.

Residents are advised to stay in air-conditioned spaces, avoid direct sun exposure, drink fluids, and check on elderly individuals. Outdoor workers should reschedule activities to cooler hours.

","heatwave-map-spotlight-south-asia","gid://shopify/Article/641519910990","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/heatwave-map-spotlight-south-asia","2026-05-15T10:10:08Z",[1169,700],"Heatwave Map Spotlight: South Asia",{"_10":1377,"_202":-5,"_205":1378,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273301831758","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Heatwave2Desktop_72319d33-c66f-4ea3-9921-040edde87edf.jpg?v=1778839816",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1380,"_1139":1381,"_1154":1382,"_1156":1383,"_1157":1384,"_1159":1385,"_1008":1386,"_10":1387,"_1163":1388,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1389,"_635":1390,"_599":1391,"_1171":1392},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about the Max Road Miramar Fire in southern Florida, including affected communities, smoke impacts, containment progress, and emergency response efforts.","

Find out more about the Max Road Miramar Fire in southern Florida, including affected communities, smoke impacts, containment progress, and emergency response efforts.

","What is the name and location of the wildfire? As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned across parts of Broward and Miami-Dade in southern Florida near North Krome Avenue and Northwest 186th Street. Flames and smoke were also reported west of U.S. 27 near Max's Fish Camp and Airboat Rides. Fire crews from Miami-Dade Fire Rescue, Broward Sheriff Fire Rescue, and the Florida Forest Service actively responded to the incident.(1) Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire? The cities and areas affected by the Max Road Miramar Fire included: Broward County Holly Lake community Miami-Dade County Miramar Pembroke Pines West of U.S. 27 What is the current containment status of the wildfire? As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned approximately 11,446 acres and was reported to be 100% contained. (2) Containment efforts continued with support from multiple fire rescue agencies, including helicopters conducting water drops and additional engines and water tankers deployed to the area. Officials continued monitoring smoke and fire conditions as crews worked to prevent further wildfire spread. Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place? Authorities urged residents and commuters to avoid the affected areas while wildfire suppression operations continued. Emergency crews monitored conditions near the Holly Lake community in Pembroke Pines due to nearby smoke and flames. Residents near Max Road reported that fire conditions temporarily blocked the only roadway out of the area, raising concerns about evacuation access. Local residents took precautions by spraying down their homes and trailers before emergency crews arrived. Officials also advised individuals with respiratory conditions to remain indoors, keep windows and doors closed, and use recirculated indoor air settings if smoke impacted their area. How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke? Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke. Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. As of May 14, 2026, this fire was 100% contained.","

What is the name and location of the wildfire?

As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned across parts of Broward and Miami-Dade in southern Florida near North Krome Avenue and Northwest 186th Street.

Flames and smoke were also reported west of U.S. 27 near Max's Fish Camp and Airboat Rides.

Fire crews from Miami-Dade Fire Rescue, Broward Sheriff Fire Rescue, and the Florida Forest Service actively responded to the incident.(1)

Which cities or areas are affected by the wildfire?

The cities and areas affected by the Max Road Miramar Fire included:

Broward County
Holly Lake community
Miami-Dade County
Miramar
Pembroke Pines
West of U.S. 27

What is the current containment status of the wildfire?

As of May 14, 2026, the Max Road Miramar Fire burned approximately 11,446 acres and was reported to be 100% contained. (2)

Containment efforts continued with support from multiple fire rescue agencies, including helicopters conducting water drops and additional engines and water tankers deployed to the area.

Officials continued monitoring smoke and fire conditions as crews worked to prevent further wildfire spread.

Are there any evacuation orders or alerts in place?

Authorities urged residents and commuters to avoid the affected areas while wildfire suppression operations continued.

Emergency crews monitored conditions near the Holly Lake community in Pembroke Pines due to nearby smoke and flames.

Residents near Max Road reported that fire conditions temporarily blocked the only roadway out of the area, raising concerns about evacuation access.

Local residents took precautions by spraying down their homes and trailers before emergency crews arrived. Officials also advised individuals with respiratory conditions to remain indoors, keep windows and doors closed, and use recirculated indoor air settings if smoke impacted their area.

How can I protect myself from wildfire smoke?

Always plan ahead to protect yourself from wildfire smoke.

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter wildfire smoke.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n

As of May 14, 2026, this fire was 100% contained.

","wildfire-map-spotlight-max-road-miramar-fire-florida","gid://shopify/Article/641519091790","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/wildfire-map-spotlight-max-road-miramar-fire-florida","2026-05-14T10:35:24Z",[1169,700,1339,725],"Wildfire Map Spotlight: Max Road Miramar Fire, Florida",{"_10":1393,"_202":1394,"_205":1395,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273285513294","Forest wildfire sending thick smoke into the sky","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/Wildfire6Desktop_a5a29957-bc27-4f10-adf7-dd15b477d1ef.jpg?v=1778754931",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1397,"_1139":1398,"_1154":1399,"_1156":1400,"_1157":1401,"_1159":1402,"_1008":1403,"_10":1404,"_1163":1405,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1406,"_635":1407,"_599":1408,"_1171":1409},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Santiago records AQI above 160, ranking among the world's most polluted cities. Stagnant air, firewood burning, and valley topography are driving this rare spike. Learn more.","

Santiago records AQI above 160, ranking among the world's most polluted cities. Stagnant air, firewood burning, and valley topography are driving this rare spike. Learn more.

","Is the air quality good in Santiago? As of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time, GMT-4), air quality in Santiago, Chile, has worsened sharply over the past several hours due to a build-up of fine particulate matter combined with poor atmospheric dispersion. The AQI is above 160, classified as \"unhealthy,\" with PM2.5 as the dominant pollutant. These conditions pose serious health risks, particularly for children, the elderly, and those with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. For a complete, real-time view of current pollution levels, see Santiago’s air quality map. While air quality in Santiago is typically moderate, today’s conditions are very poor, with PM2.5 levels reaching 13 times the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. By comparison, Santiago’s 2025 annual average PM2.5 concentration was 18.9 µg/m³, equivalent to an AQI of 65. This means today’s pollution levels are 2.5 times than the city’s annual average, underscoring the unusual and alarming intensity of this pollution episode. Santiago, Chile, ranked among the most polluted major cities globally, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. Air quality map of Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. When will the air quality improve in Santiago? Every winter, Santiago's topography combined with an inverse temperature layer, little rain, and minimal airstream results in a low dispersion rate, insufficient to cope with progressively higher concentrations of pollutants emitted. May marks the beginning of this seasonal deterioration in the Southern Hemisphere. Pollution peaks during colder months, when firewood consumption increases and valley topography limits atmospheric dispersion. Short-term relief depends on favorable weather to break up the inversion layer. Lasting improvement over the coming months will require consistent enforcement of restrictions on wood burning and vehicle emissions during alert episodes (1). Hourly air quality forecast for Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. What is causing poor air quality in Santiago? Santiago is located in a basin bounded by the coastal ranges to its west, the Andean Cordillera to its east, and transversal ranges to its north and south, all of which function as natural barriers against the dispersion of air pollutants. This unfavorable geography is compounded by temperature inversions that restrict vertical mixing in the basin, especially during winter nights when inversion layers range between 200 and 400 m (2). Firewood burning for heating during colder months is a significant driver of PM2.5, and can account for up to 94% of fine particulate matter emissions in some Chilean cities according to the Chilean Ministry of Environment (3). Vehicle exhaust, fossil-fuel-powered energy generation, and construction dust compound the problem year-round, while weak winds and stagnant conditions during autumn and winter prevent pollutants from dispersing, causing rapid accumulation across the metropolitan area (4). How can I protect myself from poor air quality? Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.","

Is the air quality good in Santiago?

As of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time, GMT-4), air quality in Santiago, Chile, has worsened sharply over the past several hours due to a build-up of fine particulate matter combined with poor atmospheric dispersion. The AQI is above 160, classified as \"unhealthy,\" with PM2.5 as the dominant pollutant.

These conditions pose serious health risks, particularly for children, the elderly, and those with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. For a complete, real-time view of current pollution levels, see Santiago’s air quality map.

While air quality in Santiago is typically moderate, today’s conditions are very poor, with PM2.5 levels reaching 13 times the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. By comparison, Santiago’s 2025 annual average PM2.5 concentration was 18.9 µg/m³, equivalent to an AQI of 65. This means today’s pollution levels are 2.5 times than the city’s annual average, underscoring the unusual and alarming intensity of this pollution episode.

$\"\"$ Santiago, Chile, ranked among the most polluted major cities globally, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

$\"\"$ Air quality map of Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

When will the air quality improve in Santiago?

Every winter, Santiago's topography combined with an inverse temperature layer, little rain, and minimal airstream results in a low dispersion rate, insufficient to cope with progressively higher concentrations of pollutants emitted. May marks the beginning of this seasonal deterioration in the Southern Hemisphere.

Pollution peaks during colder months, when firewood consumption increases and valley topography limits atmospheric dispersion. Short-term relief depends on favorable weather to break up the inversion layer. Lasting improvement over the coming months will require consistent enforcement of restrictions on wood burning and vehicle emissions during alert episodes (1).

$\"\"$ Hourly air quality forecast for Santiago, Chile, as of May 14, 2026, at 1:30 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

What is causing poor air quality in Santiago?

Santiago is located in a basin bounded by the coastal ranges to its west, the Andean Cordillera to its east, and transversal ranges to its north and south, all of which function as natural barriers against the dispersion of air pollutants. This unfavorable geography is compounded by temperature inversions that restrict vertical mixing in the basin, especially during winter nights when inversion layers range between 200 and 400 m (2).

Firewood burning for heating during colder months is a significant driver of PM2.5, and can account for up to 94% of fine particulate matter emissions in some Chilean cities according to the Chilean Ministry of Environment (3).

Vehicle exhaust, fossil-fuel-powered energy generation, and construction dust compound the problem year-round, while weak winds and stagnant conditions during autumn and winter prevent pollutants from dispersing, causing rapid accumulation across the metropolitan area (4).

How can I protect myself from poor air quality?

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.

","santiago-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-14-2026","gid://shopify/Article/641540915278","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/santiago-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-14-2026","2026-05-14T06:28:13Z",[1169,700],"May 14, 2026: Santiago among top 10 most polluted cities in the world",{"_10":1410,"_202":-5,"_205":1411,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273287807054","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/SantiagoDesktop_bf3a04c6-3f16-4245-8b19-2d58421d9989.jpg?v=1778768067",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1413,"_1139":1414,"_1154":1415,"_1156":1416,"_1157":1417,"_1159":1418,"_1008":1419,"_10":1420,"_1163":1421,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1422,"_635":1423,"_599":1424,"_1171":1425},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Find out more about São Paulo’s current air quality conditions, pollution sources, and expected improvement timeline.","

Find out more about São Paulo’s current air quality conditions, pollution sources, and expected improvement timeline.

","Is the air quality good in São Paulo? As of May 13, 2026, at 10:30 AM (local time), São Paulo, Brazil, is experiencing poor air quality due to urban emissions and stagnant weather. The AQI was 110, classified as \"unhealthy for sensitive groups.\" These conditions can cause respiratory issues, worsen heart problems, and impair lung function, especially for children, the elderly, and those with health vulnerabilities. Air quality is dynamic and, like the weather, can change frequently. São Paulo ranked 4th among the most polluted cities in the world on Wednesday morning. Click here for a real-time air quality map of São Paulo. It is important to keep in mind that the average PM2.5 concentration in 2025 for São Paulo was 12.2 µg/m³, corresponding to an AQI of 50 (“moderate”), and 2.4 times higher than the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³. São Paulo, Brazil ranked as the 4th most polluted major city on May 13, 2026 at 10:20 AM (local time). Source: IQAir. When will air quality improve in São Paulo? Air quality is forecasted to improve later in the day as weather conditions become more favorable for pollutant dispersion. Air quality forecast for São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir. Air quality map of São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir. What is causing poor air quality in São Paulo? Poor air quality in São Paulo is being driven by a combination of wildfire smoke, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions. Research published in 2025 found that smoke from fires across Brazil and neighboring regions significantly increased PM2.5 pollution in São Paulo State during dry seasons, especially during periods of drought and extreme heat (1). Vehicle emissions are also a major contributor to pollution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. A 2025 emissions study found that older gasoline and diesel vehicles produced disproportionately high levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate pollution (2). Researchers have also warned that climate change may increase the frequency and severity of pollution episodes in São Paulo due to prolonged droughts and more intense fire seasons (3). How can I protect myself from poor air quality? Get a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts. Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode. Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data. Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask. Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.","

Is the air quality good in São Paulo?

As of May 13, 2026, at 10:30 AM (local time), São Paulo, Brazil, is experiencing poor air quality due to urban emissions and stagnant weather. The AQI was 110, classified as \"unhealthy for sensitive groups.\"

These conditions can cause respiratory issues, worsen heart problems, and impair lung function, especially for children, the elderly, and those with health vulnerabilities.

Air quality is dynamic and, like the weather, can change frequently. São Paulo ranked 4th among the most polluted cities in the world on Wednesday morning.

Click here for a real-time air quality map of São Paulo.

It is important to keep in mind that the average PM2.5 concentration in 2025 for São Paulo was 12.2 µg/m³, corresponding to an AQI of 50 (“moderate”), and 2.4 times higher than the WHO annual guideline of 5 µg/m³.

$\"\"$ São Paulo, Brazil ranked as the 4th most polluted major city on May 13, 2026 at 10:20 AM (local time). Source: IQAir.

When will air quality improve in São Paulo?

Air quality is forecasted to improve later in the day as weather conditions become more favorable for pollutant dispersion.

$\"\"$ Air quality forecast for São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir.

$\"\"$ Air quality map of São Paulo, Brazil on May 13, 2026. Source: IQAir.

What is causing poor air quality in São Paulo?

Poor air quality in São Paulo is being driven by a combination of wildfire smoke, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions.

Research published in 2025 found that smoke from fires across Brazil and neighboring regions significantly increased PM2.5 pollution in São Paulo State during dry seasons, especially during periods of drought and extreme heat (1).

Vehicle emissions are also a major contributor to pollution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. A 2025 emissions study found that older gasoline and diesel vehicles produced disproportionately high levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate pollution (2).

Researchers have also warned that climate change may increase the frequency and severity of pollution episodes in São Paulo due to prolonged droughts and more intense fire seasons (3).

\n\n

How can I protect myself from poor air quality?

\nGet a free air quality app for real-time air quality alerts and forecasts.
Shut doors and windows and set the HVAC to recirculate mode.
Contribute to your community’s outdoor air quality data.
Stay indoors when air quality is poor; if you do need to go outdoors, wear a KN95/FFP2 mask.\n
Run a high-performance air purifier to filter particles, gases, and other pollutants.

","sao-paulo-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-13-2026","gid://shopify/Article/641537376334","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/sao-paulo-among-top-10-most-polluted-cities-in-the-world-5-13-2026","2026-05-13T13:33:42Z",[1169,700],"May 13, 2026: São Paulo among top 10 most polluted cities in the world",{"_10":1426,"_202":1427,"_205":1428,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/273268080718","Polluted skies of Sao Paulo","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/SaoPauloDesktop_a52e0d40-c7e5-4d2e-909e-94550cc58f50.jpg?v=1778679729","popular",[1431,1448,1464,1480],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1432,"_1139":1433,"_1154":1434,"_1156":1434,"_1157":1435,"_1159":1436,"_1008":1437,"_10":1438,"_1163":1439,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1440,"_635":1441,"_599":1443,"_1171":1444},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Learn why wildfire smoke poses a health risk to people living far downwind and what you can do to help protect yourself.","When considering the dangers of wildfires, thoughts of fleeing your home while a raging wildfire rapidly approaches can easily consume your imagination. However, the number one cause of death from fires is smoke inhalation. The primary cause of death from wildfires is smoke inhalation. 50 to 80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation. Inhaling smoke damages your body in one or both of the following ways: by robbing it of oxygen through particulate matter irritation Smoke inhalation is particularly dangerous because you may not show symptoms until 24 to 48 hours after exposure. 50–80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation.1 Read on to learn how to help protect the health of yourself and your loved ones, and learn some wildfire smoke safety tips to rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary wildfire safety precautions to reduce the consequences of toxic wildfire smoke. What’s in wildfire smoke? Wildfire smoke is a mixture of thousands of individual compounds, including harmful particles and gases that pose a severe health risk to anyone (including pets) nearby and downwind from a fire. Wildfire smoke often contains: water vapor particulate matter trace minerals carbon dioxide carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide compounds that contribute to elevated ozone (O3) levels volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including acrolein and formaldehyde (potent respiratory irritants) Wildfire smoke often contains fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles that can be absorbed directly into your blood stream and reach any organ or area of your body. Pictured: The typical contents of wildfire smoke, including ultrafine particles (≤ 0.3 microns), PM2.5 (2.5-10 microns), acrolein, PM10 (> 10 microns), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Source: IQAir Wildfire smoke composition depends upon multiple factors, including: the types of wood and vegetation burning the moisture content the fire temperature wind conditions other weather-related influences The primary pollutant threatening the health of those nearby and downwind of a wildfire is particulate matter. Wildfire smoke often contains fine (or PM2.5) and ultrafine particles. These tiny airborne particles are the most dangerous to your health. Fine particles (smaller than 2.5 microns) penetrate deeply into your lungs. The most dangerous are ultrafine particles (smaller than 0.1 microns), which represent 90% of all airborne particles. These particles are tiny and can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream. Once in your blood, they can reach any organ or area of your body. Clean the air with high-performance air filtration Learn more about our wildfire smoke air purifiers Click here Wildfire smoke and at-risk populations Most healthy adults will recover from smoke exposure. However, certain individuals are more at risk for severe health consequences, including:2 Young children. Children whose lungs are still developing are considered more vulnerable, regardless of whether they have a pre-existing condition. Pregnant women. Wildfire smoke inhalation puts pregnant women and their unborn children at a higher risk than the general population. Older adults. This population is at-risk due to an increased rate of pre-existing heart and lung disease. Anyone with a respiratory disease. Individuals with emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD, asthma, or another respiratory disease are at-risk. Individuals with heart disease. Circulatory diseases include high blood pressure, vascular diseases, heart failure, and cerebrovascular conditions. These conditions make sufferers susceptible to heart attacks, transient chest pain, heart failure, stroke, and sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia. Young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with respiratory and cardiovascular pre-existing conditions may find that they experience more severe symptoms and find it harder to breathe.3 The full impact of wildfire smoke is not yet fully understood. A 2017 review in Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology found that there are still important study opportunities for exploring the long-term health implications of smoke exposure, smoke exposure recovery, and additional smoke inhalation health impacts for children.4 Exposure to smoke can be dangerous simply due to the microorganisms within the smoke. A 2020 study in Science magazine noted that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke.5 The study theorizes that infectious disease may be spread as bacteria and fungi become part of smoke’s particulate composition. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke, and infectious disease may be spread as they become part of the smoke’s particulate composition. How wildfire smoke behaves Many factors affect wildfire smoke behavior, such as: weather geographical terrain the stage of the fire wind Use the live, interactive air quality map below to see how weather, wind, and location can impact the behavior of wildfire smoke near you. Windy conditions generally cause smoke to mix with larger volumes of air to lower smoke concentrations. However, strong winds also can spread fires more quickly, causing larger fires with greater impact. Regional weather can be the dominant determinant in how a fire behaves as well as how smoke affects surrounding areas. However, regional weather systems can spread fires quickly and result in larger fires with more smoke generated, creating the potential for even greater impacts. Strong regional weather systems can also dominate a fire’s behavior for days and be the determining factor of where and how smoke will affect an area. Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the Western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe. Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe.6 Wildfire safety tips Wildfire smoke events can occur seemingly without warning. But there are steps you can take to prepare yourself using appropriate safety precautions for wildfires. Keep the air clean in your home. Keep windows and doors closed closed and seal off any openings to the outside, including vents, to help prevent outdoor smoke from getting in. When using an air conditioner, be sure to set it to re-circulate and close the fresh-air intake. Filter the air when ventilating the space. An air purifier for wildfire smoke, will help remove smoke particles of all sizes down to 0.003 microns from the indoor air and help control ozone levels. This is critical if you live in an urban area downwind (even remotely) from wildfires. Stay indoors as much as possible. This tactic is most useful in buildings that effectively stop outdoor air from getting inside. If you need to travel by car to leave or evacuate an area affected by wildfire smoke, use a car air purifier to help keep your vehicle interior air clean as you pass through smoky or polluted areas. You can also use a portable, personal air purifier to access clean air where other air filtration systems are not available. Wear a mask outdoors. Only use an air pollution mask with an N95, KN95, N100, or FFP2 rating to help. Avoid activities that further pollute the indoor air. Avoid burning candles, using the fireplace, or even vacuuming unless you own a high-performance HEPA vacuum cleaner. All of these activities can otherwise become additional sources of indoor air pollutants. Monitor your indoor air quality. Use an air quality monitor to track levels of indoor pollutants like PM2.5 and CO2 from smoke and other indoor pollution sources. Take action if indoor air pollutants rise to dangerous levels by running an air purifier, circulating fresh air through your HVAC system, or leaving your home temporarily if indoor air becomes unsafe to breathe or your home is threatened by wildfire. Use an air quality monitoring app to keep track of pollutants in your environment. The AirVisual app displays real-time hyperlocal data from over 80,000 sensors around the world. The app also tracks up to six key wildfire pollutants, such as PM2.5, CO2, and NO2, so that you have the best picture of your local air quality during a wildfire and can take action to help protect your health. Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. Learn to protect the health of yourself and your family, and rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary precautions. During a wildfire, it’s also important to monitor your local air quality to see how wildfire smoke will affect your outdoor air. The takeaway Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. And while wildfire smoke may be a warning sign of imminent fires, smoke also delivers its own set of risks for people living miles beyond the source. Though smoke pollutants carried on the wind may be invisible, their impacts are felt by those most at risk. Smoke pollutants pose health threats that range from irritation and cough to more serious respiratory and cardiac risks. By helping control smoke pollutants that threaten our indoor air quality through monitoring and air purification, it's possible to help manage wildfire smoke health risks.","

When considering the dangers of wildfires, thoughts of fleeing your home while a raging wildfire rapidly approaches can easily consume your imagination. However, the number one cause of death from fires is smoke inhalation.

The primary cause of death from wildfires is smoke inhalation. 50 to 80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation.

Inhaling smoke damages your body in one or both of the following ways:

by robbing it of oxygen
through particulate matter irritation

Smoke inhalation is particularly dangerous because you may not show symptoms until 24 to 48 hours after exposure. 50–80 percent of fire deaths are from smoke inhalation.¹

Read on to learn how to help protect the health of yourself and your loved ones, and learn some wildfire smoke safety tips to rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary wildfire safety precautions to reduce the consequences of toxic wildfire smoke.

What’s in wildfire smoke?

Wildfire smoke is a mixture of thousands of individual compounds, including harmful particles and gases that pose a severe health risk to anyone (including pets) nearby and downwind from a fire.

Wildfire smoke often contains:

\n
water vapor
\n
\n
particulate matter
\n
\n
trace minerals
\n
\n
carbon dioxide
\n
\n
carbon monoxide
\n
\n
nitrogen oxides
\n
\n
hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide compounds that contribute to elevated ozone (O₃) levels
\n
\n
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including acrolein and formaldehyde (potent respiratory irritants)
\n

Wildfire smoke often contains fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles that can be absorbed directly into your blood stream and reach any organ or area of your body.

$\"What's$

Pictured: The typical contents of wildfire smoke, including ultrafine particles (≤ 0.3 microns), PM2.5 (2.5-10 microns), acrolein, PM10 (> 10 microns), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. Source: IQAir

Wildfire smoke composition depends upon multiple factors, including:

\n
the types of wood and vegetation burning
\n

\n
the moisture content
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the fire temperature
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wind conditions
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other weather-related influences
\n

The primary pollutant threatening the health of those nearby and downwind of a wildfire is particulate matter. Wildfire smoke often contains fine (or PM2.5) and ultrafine particles. These tiny airborne particles are the most dangerous to your health.

Fine particles (smaller than 2.5 microns) penetrate deeply into your lungs.

The most dangerous are ultrafine particles (smaller than 0.1 microns), which represent 90% of all airborne particles. These particles are tiny and can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream. Once in your blood, they can reach any organ or area of your body.

\n \n

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Clean the air with high-performance air filtration
Learn more about our wildfire smoke air purifiers

\n\n

Click here

Wildfire smoke and at-risk populations

Most healthy adults will recover from smoke exposure. However, certain individuals are more at risk for severe health consequences, including:²

\n
Young children. Children whose lungs are still developing are considered more vulnerable, regardless of whether they have a pre-existing condition.
\n
\n
Pregnant women. Wildfire smoke inhalation puts pregnant women and their unborn children at a higher risk than the general population.
\n
\n
Older adults. This population is at-risk due to an increased rate of pre-existing heart and lung disease.
\n
\n
Anyone with a respiratory disease. Individuals with emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD, asthma, or another respiratory disease are at-risk.
\n
\n
Individuals with heart disease. Circulatory diseases include high blood pressure, vascular diseases, heart failure, and cerebrovascular conditions. These conditions make sufferers susceptible to heart attacks, transient chest pain, heart failure, stroke, and sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia.
\n

Young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with respiratory and cardiovascular pre-existing conditions may find that they experience more severe symptoms and find it harder to breathe.³

The full impact of wildfire smoke is not yet fully understood. A 2017 review in Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology found that there are still important study opportunities for exploring the long-term health implications of smoke exposure, smoke exposure recovery, and additional smoke inhalation health impacts for children.⁴

Exposure to smoke can be dangerous simply due to the microorganisms within the smoke. A 2020 study in Science magazine noted that microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke.⁵ The study theorizes that infectious disease may be spread as bacteria and fungi become part of smoke’s particulate composition.

 Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungal spores, comprise some of the particulate matter found in smoke, and infectious disease may be spread as they become part of the smoke’s particulate composition.

How wildfire smoke behaves

Many factors affect wildfire smoke behavior, such as:

\n
weather
\n
\n
geographical terrain
\n
\n
the stage of the fire
\n
\n
wind
\n

Use the live, interactive air quality map below to see how weather, wind, and location can impact the behavior of wildfire smoke near you.

$\"placeholder$

Windy conditions generally cause smoke to mix with larger volumes of air to lower smoke concentrations. However, strong winds also can spread fires more quickly, causing larger fires with greater impact.

Regional weather can be the dominant determinant in how a fire behaves as well as how smoke affects surrounding areas. However, regional weather systems can spread fires quickly and result in larger fires with more smoke generated, creating the potential for even greater impacts.

Strong regional weather systems can also dominate a fire’s behavior for days and be the determining factor of where and how smoke will affect an area.

Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the Western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe.

Smoke can travel for miles beyond its source. In 2020, smoke from wildfires in the western United States drifted for nearly 5,000 miles, eventually being detected in Europe.⁶

Wildfire safety tips

Wildfire smoke events can occur seemingly without warning. But there are steps you can take to prepare yourself using appropriate safety precautions for wildfires.

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Keep the air clean in your home. Keep windows and doors closed closed and seal off any openings to the outside, including vents, to help prevent outdoor smoke from getting in. When using an air conditioner, be sure to set it to re-circulate and close the fresh-air intake. Filter the air when ventilating the space. An air purifier for wildfire smoke, will help remove smoke particles of all sizes down to 0.003 microns from the indoor air and help control ozone levels. This is critical if you live in an urban area downwind (even remotely) from wildfires.
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Stay indoors as much as possible. This tactic is most useful in buildings that effectively stop outdoor air from getting inside. If you need to travel by car to leave or evacuate an area affected by wildfire smoke, use a car air purifier to help keep your vehicle interior air clean as you pass through smoky or polluted areas. You can also use a portable, personal air purifier to access clean air where other air filtration systems are not available.
\n
\n
Wear a mask outdoors. Only use an air pollution mask with an N95, KN95, N100, or FFP2 rating to help.
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Avoid activities that further pollute the indoor air. Avoid burning candles, using the fireplace, or even vacuuming unless you own a high-performance HEPA vacuum cleaner. All of these activities can otherwise become additional sources of indoor air pollutants.
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\n
Monitor your indoor air quality. Use an air quality monitor to track levels of indoor pollutants like PM2.5 and CO₂ from smoke and other indoor pollution sources. Take action if indoor air pollutants rise to dangerous levels by running an air purifier, circulating fresh air through your HVAC system, or leaving your home temporarily if indoor air becomes unsafe to breathe or your home is threatened by wildfire.
\n
\n
Use an air quality monitoring app to keep track of pollutants in your environment. The AirVisual app displays real-time hyperlocal data from over 80,000 sensors around the world. The app also tracks up to six key wildfire pollutants, such as PM2.5, CO₂, and NO₂, so that you have the best picture of your local air quality during a wildfire and can take action to help protect your health.
\n

$\"Google$ $\"App$ $\"Android\"$

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. Learn to protect the health of yourself and your family, and rest assured that you’ve taken the necessary precautions.

During a wildfire, it’s also important to monitor your local air quality to see how wildfire smoke will affect your outdoor air.

The takeaway

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity. Wildfire smoke can negatively affect your health, even if you’re far away from the actual fire. And while wildfire smoke may be a warning sign of imminent fires, smoke also delivers its own set of risks for people living miles beyond the source.

Though smoke pollutants carried on the wind may be invisible, their impacts are felt by those most at risk. Smoke pollutants pose health threats that range from irritation and cough to more serious respiratory and cardiac risks.

By helping control smoke pollutants that threaten our indoor air quality through monitoring and air purification, it's possible to help manage wildfire smoke health risks.

","how-to-protect-yourself-from-wildfire-smoke","gid://shopify/Article/564925399118","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/how-to-protect-yourself-from-wildfire-smoke","2022-12-29T21:46:38Z",[1169,700,1442,725],"Popular articles","How to protect yourself from wildfire smoke",{"_10":1445,"_202":1446,"_205":1447,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269290668110","Wildfire at night in hills","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_21_WildfireDesktop_a_a1b7068f-eca7-44cf-a3d2-95dbd136001a.jpg?v=1749726938",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1449,"_1139":1450,"_1154":1451,"_1156":1451,"_1157":1452,"_1159":1453,"_1008":1454,"_10":1455,"_1163":1456,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1457,"_635":1458,"_599":1459,"_1171":1460},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"How can you know what air purifier manufacturers to trust? Let's look more critically at air purification.","The home air purifier market has undergone many shifts and starts in its decades-long history as an affordable solution for indoor air quality. Along with those shifts have been seemingly ground breaking advancements in filtration technologies that may seem like the next revolution in air purification. But not all air purifiers safely clean the air. Not all air purifiers safely clean the air. Let's take an evidence-based approach to the industry and separate the fact from the fiction. What should I look for in an air purifier? Before we examine the various air purifiers on the market with a critical eye, it’s essential to have a solid understanding of what does make a good air purifier. 1. HEPA filters are the standard for the industry. What is a HEPA filter? High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters capture airborne particles from moving air using a dense, random arrangement of fibers. HEPA filters use the physics of particles moving through air to yank them out of the air flow. Their operation is simple but extremely effective, and HEPA filters are now standard issue for almost every air purifier on the market. But it wasn’t always that way. Air purifiers have been around for well over a century. The first air purification systems appeared in the 1850s in charcoal-based masks used by coal miners. They were designed to keep toxic dust out of their lungs. The technology was so successful that, less than twenty years later, respirators were added to these types of masks to protect firefighters from breathing in smoke chemicals and pollutants (1). Beginning in the 1940s, the United States Atomic Energy Commission started experimenting with high-efficiency particulate arrestance, better known now as HEPA, as a method of shielding soldiers from atomic radiation on World War II battlefields (2). HEPA filters did nothing to filter radiation particles, but researchers quickly learned that HEPA filters could filter out many harmful pollutants. In 1963, Manfred and Klaus Hammes, the founders of IQAir, introduced the world’s first residential air filter based on HEPA technology, helping reduce indoor pollution as well as chronic asthma symptoms. Not long after, HEPA became so widespread that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) required that all filters sold under the name “HEPA” must filter at least 99.97% of airborne particles down to 0.3 microns (3). Since then, HEPA air purification has become the standard for the air purification industry. HEPA is now thrown around as a generic term for air filters, but HEPA filters continue to filter 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 microns. The HyperHEPA filter builds upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems. Many manufacturers, including IQAir, have built upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems. IQAir’s patented HyperHEPAfilter is one such filter. HyperHEPA filters remove 99.5% of particles down to 0.003 microns, which are 100 times smaller than the DOE’s required 0.3-micron particle size. 2. Not all air purifier designs are created equal. All air purifier manufacturers know that their filters need to live up to this HEPA standard. But long-standing, strict guidelines around air filters can provide a false sense of security in HEPA. To advertise an air purifier as HEPA, it only needs to contain HEPA paper, the paper used to construct a HEPA filter. Whether the air purifier’s Total System Efficiency meets HEPA requirements is another story. In fact, most HEPA air purifiers are not tested for total efficiency (4). The hidden factor at work here is leakage. Despite the high efficiency of many HEPA filters, the housing designs of many air purifiers are not airtight. This means that dirty, unfiltered air passes around the HEPA filter through tiny openings, cracks, and space around the frame of the HEPA filter itself or between the frame and the purifier housing (5). So even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, they’re only telling part of the story. In some cases, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less (6). Even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less. Some air purifier manufacturers have resolved this issue with designs that are built to minimize or eliminate leakage. IQAir uses patented 3D UltraSeal knife-edge-in-groove sealing between the filter frame and the purifier housing to guarantee the full efficiency of our HyperHEPA filtration media. 3. Concerned about gas and odors? Go beyond HEPA. While HyperHEPA filters are great at getting particles out of the air, they do NOT take gases and odors out of the air. Unlike particles, the molecules that comprise gases, odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not solid and will float through even the densest HyperHEPA filters. That’s where activated carbon filters come in. How do these filters work? It’s simpler than you might think: Chunks of carbon material (like charcoal) are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. Countless pores open on the carbon surface, increasing the carbon surface area enormously. At this point, a pound of activated carbon can have the same surface area as 100 football fields. Several pounds of activated carbon are arranged in a flat “bed” and packaged in a proprietary filter design (such as IQAir’s V5 Cell gas and odor control filter). Air passes through the activated carbon bed. Gas, chemical, and VOC molecules are adsorbed into the carbon pores, meaning that they chemically bond to the extensive charcoal surface area. Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes (7)(8). Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes. Some air purifiers are designed to maximize activated carbon in case you’re more concerned about, for example, gases from cooking or odors from pets than about particle pollution in your home. IQAir’s GC MultiGas is built for such a purpose—while carbon filters generally use a few pounds of carbon, the GC MultiGas contains 12 pounds of activated carbon as well as impregnated alumina, providing well over 1200 football fields worth of surface area for gas and VOC molecules to adsorb to. The takeaway Now you know that the elements of a good air purifier are: HyperHEPA media for particle filtration No system leakage due to sealed filter and purifier housing Activated carbon for gas and odor filtration But we're not done yet. Just as important to know is what not to look for in an air purifier. What should I avoid in an air purifier? When considering air purifiers, some people wonder about their effectiveness and even potential risks. Question often arise, such as \"Do air purifiers work?\" or \"Are air purifiers effective?\" The answer is that while some air cleaning methods can remove particles and pollutants from the air, their capabilities are often limited. But it's not just about effectiveness. People also ask, \"Are air purifiers bad for you?\" This concern arises from potential hidden costs to your health. It's important to be aware of inefficiencies and any potential risks associated with the air purifier you're considering before making a purchase. So, if you're in the market for an air purifier, remember to ask yourself whether it will be effective at removing pollutants and particles from the air, and whether it poses any risks to your health. Ionizer air purifiers Ionizers are purported to purify air by sending out negatively charged ions (anions) that attract positively charged pollution particles (cations), causing them to leave the air and stick to surfaces like ceilings, walls, and furniture. Many popular air purifiers use ionization technology, also called negative ionization, as a central component of their operation. Research suggests that ionizers can help stop potentially infectious molds and bacteria from spreading in sterile environments like dental clinics and hospitals (9)(10). But there are two critical downsides to ionization (11)(12): Ionizer air purifiersdon’t get rid of pollutants. Particles charged by negative ions aren’t removed from the air—they merely stick to surfaces nearby. This includes surfaces inside your airways, such as your windpipe and alveoli, the sacs of air in your lungs. Pollutant build-up can cause heart, lung, and other respiratory conditions. Ionizer air purifierscan generate harmful ozone. Ionizers produce ozone (O3) that can build up to dangerous levels indoors. At even low levels, indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb (the organ that helps your brain process odors), and even be fatal at high concentrations. Indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb, and even be fatal at high concentrations. Verdict Don't buy an ionizer air purifier.They don’t remove particles from the air, and the ozone they produce can have harmful side effects, even if the purifier claims that they only charge the particles “a little bit.” Ozone Generators It’s worth saying again: ozone is TERRIBLE for you, especially indoor ozone build-up. The health concerns are serious enough that in 2017, California banned the use of ozonehome air purifiers (13). Ozone generators use a process called corona discharge to release ozone molecules into the air. When an ozone molecule intermingles with a particle or gas molecule, an ozone atom clings to the other molecule and blows it up in a process known as oxidation. Oxidation in the atmosphere after a lightning strike is also what makes the air smell so distinct after a thunderstorm. However, ozone generators do little to clean air and are quite bad for you. Here’s just a short (and far from complete) list of reasons why (14)(15)(16)(17)(18): Ozone can take years to fully clear even a small room of gases. Ozone reactions can introduce ultrafine particles (UFPs) into the air.UFPs can get into your lungs and your bloodstream, causing heart disease and even stunting lung development in children. Indoor ozone levels can rise five to ten times above recommended limits,which range from 0.05 to 0.1 parts per million (ppm), because of a lack of ventilation and in combination with outdoor ozone that seeps indoors.To put this in perspective, those who are sensitive to ozone, such as children, people with asthma, and pets, start experiencing health effects at only 0.01 ppm. Even a “safe” ozone generator that emits a small amount of ozone can quickly trigger potentially life-threatening ailments like asthma attacks. Verdict Don’t buy an ozone generator. They’re NOT air purifiers. Not only do they fail to clean your air, they hurt you and the most vulnerable in your home: your children and your pets. UV Light Purifiers Ultraviolet (UV) light is often used to disinfect equipment in hospitals and prevent the spread of harmful strains of bacteria and viruses (19)(20). One of the most common UV purification methods is called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, or UVGI. In UVGI, intense UV lights are shined on bacteria and viruses, damaging their DNA beyond repair. Bacterial cells and viruses then shut themselves down because they can no longer function. This is called apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which effectively destroys their ability to cause infections (21). But UV air purification isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. Here’s why(22) (23) (24) (25) (26): Bacteria and viruses need to be exposed to UV light for a certain amount of timebefore they’re rendered harmless: some strains need to be treated with UV for several hours in direct UV light before they’re destroyed.Home UV air purifiers don’t shine UV light on them long enough to be genuinely useful. Some bacteria can come back to life and become infectious again even after being disinfected by UV light. UV lights do nothing for pollutant particles.Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter, like PM10 and PM2.5. Many UV air purifiers produce ozone. UV light can burn your skin and damage your eyes. Sure, most UV purifiers block the light from shining out of the purifier, but even brief UV exposure can cause permanent skin and eye damage as well as cancer. Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter. Verdict Don’t buy a UV light air purifier. UV light somewhat disinfects but doesn’t purify air, and research shows that UV’s disinfection potential for air may be exaggerated. What do I do now? At this point, you should feel like you have a good sense of what’s fact and what’s fiction when it comes to a truly effective air purification system. So, what should you do now, armed with your knowledge of what makes a good air purifier? You have a multitude of options for maximizing your indoor air quality: Get a HyperHEPA air purifier. Patented HyperHEPA filtration technology removes 99.5% of pollutant particles down to 0.003 microns, the smallest particles in existence. Use advanced gas-phase filtration. Patented V5 Cell gas and odor control filters, used in HealthPro Series air purifiers, eliminateharmful chemicals and compounds with five pounds of activated carbon. The GC MultiGas features 12 pounds of activated carbon and impregnated alumina to help protect you against indoor gases and chemicals, in addition to our powerful HyperHEPA particle filtration. Use a personal air purifier. Atem Series personal air purifiers are equipped with HyperHEPA filtration technology and a PureJet diffuser that instantly blankets you in clean air. They’re sleek, compact, and portable, allowing you to breathe virtually pure air anytime, anywhere. Install a whole-house air purifier. Your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system at home uses outdoor air to heat and cool your home, so even with an indoor air purifier, your air still might become polluted by outdoor particulates on days with poor air quality. The PerfectPro Series whole-house air purifier is equipped with the most powerful HyperHEPA filters available for a residential air purification systems. It fits seamlessly into your existing HVAC system, ensuring that air entering your home is always up to the highest possible standard of quality. Still not sure? Read about some of the misconceptions that surround air purification technology. Use our Help Me Choose tool to see what air purifier may work best for your indoor air quality needs. The most capable air purification technology is always backed by evidence-based facts and science. When it comes to choosing the best air purifier, science has got your back.","

The home air purifier market has undergone many shifts and starts in its decades-long history as an affordable solution for indoor air quality. Along with those shifts have been seemingly ground breaking advancements in filtration technologies that may seem like the next revolution in air purification.

But not all air purifiers safely clean the air.

Not all air purifiers safely clean the air.

Let's take an evidence-based approach to the industry and separate the fact from the fiction.

What should I look for in an air purifier?

Before we examine the various air purifiers on the market with a critical eye, it’s essential to have a solid understanding of what does make a good air purifier.

$\"Air$

1. HEPA filters are the standard for the industry.

What is a HEPA filter?

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters capture airborne particles from moving air using a dense, random arrangement of fibers. HEPA filters use the physics of particles moving through air to yank them out of the air flow. Their operation is simple but extremely effective, and HEPA filters are now standard issue for almost every air purifier on the market.

But it wasn’t always that way.

Air purifiers have been around for well over a century. The first air purification systems appeared in the 1850s in charcoal-based masks used by coal miners. They were designed to keep toxic dust out of their lungs. The technology was so successful that, less than twenty years later, respirators were added to these types of masks to protect firefighters from breathing in smoke chemicals and pollutants (1).

Beginning in the 1940s, the United States Atomic Energy Commission started experimenting with high-efficiency particulate arrestance, better known now as HEPA, as a method of shielding soldiers from atomic radiation on World War II battlefields (2).

HEPA filters did nothing to filter radiation particles, but researchers quickly learned that HEPA filters could filter out many harmful pollutants.

In 1963, Manfred and Klaus Hammes, the founders of IQAir, introduced the world’s first residential air filter based on HEPA technology, helping reduce indoor pollution as well as chronic asthma symptoms. Not long after, HEPA became so widespread that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) required that all filters sold under the name “HEPA” must filter at least 99.97% of airborne particles down to 0.3 microns (3).

Since then, HEPA air purification has become the standard for the air purification industry. HEPA is now thrown around as a generic term for air filters, but HEPA filters continue to filter 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 microns.

The HyperHEPA filter builds upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems.

Many manufacturers, including IQAir, have built upon the HEPA model to create even more efficient filtration systems. IQAir’s patented HyperHEPAfilter is one such filter. HyperHEPA filters remove 99.5% of particles down to 0.003 microns, which are 100 times smaller than the DOE’s required 0.3-micron particle size.

2. Not all air purifier designs are created equal.

All air purifier manufacturers know that their filters need to live up to this HEPA standard. But long-standing, strict guidelines around air filters can provide a false sense of security in HEPA.

To advertise an air purifier as HEPA, it only needs to contain HEPA paper, the paper used to construct a HEPA filter. Whether the air purifier’s Total System Efficiency meets HEPA requirements is another story. In fact, most HEPA air purifiers are not tested for total efficiency (4).

The hidden factor at work here is leakage. Despite the high efficiency of many HEPA filters, the housing designs of many air purifiers are not airtight. This means that dirty, unfiltered air passes around the HEPA filter through tiny openings, cracks, and space around the frame of the HEPA filter itself or between the frame and the purifier housing (5).

So even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, they’re only telling part of the story. In some cases, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less (6).

Even though many air purifiers claim that their HEPA filters remove nearly 100% of particles from the air that passes through them, the actual efficiency of the whole air purifier design, with leakage considered, is closer to 80% or less.

Some air purifier manufacturers have resolved this issue with designs that are built to minimize or eliminate leakage. IQAir uses patented 3D UltraSeal knife-edge-in-groove sealing between the filter frame and the purifier housing to guarantee the full efficiency of our HyperHEPA filtration media.

3. Concerned about gas and odors? Go beyond HEPA.

While HyperHEPA filters are great at getting particles out of the air, they do NOT take gases and odors out of the air.

Unlike particles, the molecules that comprise gases, odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not solid and will float through even the densest HyperHEPA filters. That’s where activated carbon filters come in.

How do these filters work? It’s simpler than you might think:

Chunks of carbon material (like charcoal) are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen.
Countless pores open on the carbon surface, increasing the carbon surface area enormously. At this point, a pound of activated carbon can have the same surface area as 100 football fields.
Several pounds of activated carbon are arranged in a flat “bed” and packaged in a proprietary filter design (such as IQAir’s V5 Cell gas and odor control filter).
Air passes through the activated carbon bed.
Gas, chemical, and VOC molecules are adsorbed into the carbon pores, meaning that they chemically bond to the extensive charcoal surface area.

Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes (7)(8).

Activated carbon adsorption is the go-to method of filtration for gases as well as chemical pollutants from vehicle emissions and combustion processes.

Some air purifiers are designed to maximize activated carbon in case you’re more concerned about, for example, gases from cooking or odors from pets than about particle pollution in your home. IQAir’s GC MultiGas is built for such a purpose—while carbon filters generally use a few pounds of carbon, the GC MultiGas contains 12 pounds of activated carbon as well as impregnated alumina, providing well over 1200 football fields worth of surface area for gas and VOC molecules to adsorb to.

The takeaway

Now you know that the elements of a good air purifier are:

\nHyperHEPA media for particle filtration
\nNo system leakage due to sealed filter and purifier housing
\nActivated carbon for gas and odor filtration

But we're not done yet. Just as important to know is what not to look for in an air purifier.

What should I avoid in an air purifier?

When considering air purifiers, some people wonder about their effectiveness and even potential risks. Question often arise, such as \"Do air purifiers work?\" or \"Are air purifiers effective?\" The answer is that while some air cleaning methods can remove particles and pollutants from the air, their capabilities are often limited.

But it's not just about effectiveness. People also ask, \"Are air purifiers bad for you?\" This concern arises from potential hidden costs to your health. It's important to be aware of inefficiencies and any potential risks associated with the air purifier you're considering before making a purchase.

So, if you're in the market for an air purifier, remember to ask yourself whether it will be effective at removing pollutants and particles from the air, and whether it poses any risks to your health.

Ionizer air purifiers

Ionizers are purported to purify air by sending out negatively charged ions (anions) that attract positively charged pollution particles (cations), causing them to leave the air and stick to surfaces like ceilings, walls, and furniture.

Many popular air purifiers use ionization technology, also called negative ionization, as a central component of their operation. Research suggests that ionizers can help stop potentially infectious molds and bacteria from spreading in sterile environments like dental clinics and hospitals (9)(10).

But there are two critical downsides to ionization (11)(12):

\nIonizer air purifiersdon’t get rid of pollutants. Particles charged by negative ions aren’t removed from the air—they merely stick to surfaces nearby. This includes surfaces inside your airways, such as your windpipe and alveoli, the sacs of air in your lungs. Pollutant build-up can cause heart, lung, and other respiratory conditions.
\nIonizer air purifierscan generate harmful ozone. Ionizers produce ozone (O3) that can build up to dangerous levels indoors. At even low levels, indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb (the organ that helps your brain process odors), and even be fatal at high concentrations. \n

Indoor ozone can irritate your airways, trigger asthma attacks, damage your olfactory bulb, and even be fatal at high concentrations.

Verdict

Don't buy an ionizer air purifier.They don’t remove particles from the air, and the ozone they produce can have harmful side effects, even if the purifier claims that they only charge the particles “a little bit.”

Ozone Generators

It’s worth saying again: ozone is TERRIBLE for you, especially indoor ozone build-up. The health concerns are serious enough that in 2017, California banned the use of ozonehome air purifiers (13).

Ozone generators use a process called corona discharge to release ozone molecules into the air. When an ozone molecule intermingles with a particle or gas molecule, an ozone atom clings to the other molecule and blows it up in a process known as oxidation. Oxidation in the atmosphere after a lightning strike is also what makes the air smell so distinct after a thunderstorm.

However, ozone generators do little to clean air and are quite bad for you. Here’s just a short (and far from complete) list of reasons why (14)(15)(16)(17)(18):

\nOzone can take years to fully clear even a small room of gases.
\nOzone reactions can introduce ultrafine particles (UFPs) into the air.UFPs can get into your lungs and your bloodstream, causing heart disease and even stunting lung development in children.
\nIndoor ozone levels can rise five to ten times above recommended limits,which range from 0.05 to 0.1 parts per million (ppm), because of a lack of ventilation and in combination with outdoor ozone that seeps indoors.To put this in perspective, those who are sensitive to ozone, such as children, people with asthma, and pets, start experiencing health effects at only 0.01 ppm. Even a “safe” ozone generator that emits a small amount of ozone can quickly trigger potentially life-threatening ailments like asthma attacks.

Verdict

Don’t buy an ozone generator. They’re NOT air purifiers. Not only do they fail to clean your air, they hurt you and the most vulnerable in your home: your children and your pets.

UV Light Purifiers

Ultraviolet (UV) light is often used to disinfect equipment in hospitals and prevent the spread of harmful strains of bacteria and viruses (19)(20).

One of the most common UV purification methods is called ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, or UVGI.

In UVGI, intense UV lights are shined on bacteria and viruses, damaging their DNA beyond repair. Bacterial cells and viruses then shut themselves down because they can no longer function. This is called apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which effectively destroys their ability to cause infections (21).

But UV air purification isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. Here’s why(22) (23) (24) (25) (26):

\nBacteria and viruses need to be exposed to UV light for a certain amount of timebefore they’re rendered harmless: some strains need to be treated with UV for several hours in direct UV light before they’re destroyed.Home UV air purifiers don’t shine UV light on them long enough to be genuinely useful.
\nSome bacteria can come back to life and become infectious again even after being disinfected by UV light.
\nUV lights do nothing for pollutant particles.Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter, like PM10 and PM2.5.
Many UV air purifiers produce ozone.
\nUV light can burn your skin and damage your eyes. Sure, most UV purifiers block the light from shining out of the purifier, but even brief UV exposure can cause permanent skin and eye damage as well as cancer.

Air treated with UV light can still be full of harmful particulate matter.

Verdict

Don’t buy a UV light air purifier. UV light somewhat disinfects but doesn’t purify air, and research shows that UV’s disinfection potential for air may be exaggerated.

What do I do now?

At this point, you should feel like you have a good sense of what’s fact and what’s fiction when it comes to a truly effective air purification system.

So, what should you do now, armed with your knowledge of what makes a good air purifier? You have a multitude of options for maximizing your indoor air quality:

\nGet a HyperHEPA air purifier. Patented HyperHEPA filtration technology removes 99.5% of pollutant particles down to 0.003 microns, the smallest particles in existence.
\nUse advanced gas-phase filtration.\n
- Patented V5 Cell gas and odor control filters, used in HealthPro Series air purifiers, eliminateharmful chemicals and compounds with five pounds of activated carbon.
- The GC MultiGas features 12 pounds of activated carbon and impregnated alumina to help protect you against indoor gases and chemicals, in addition to our powerful HyperHEPA particle filtration.
\n
\nUse a personal air purifier. Atem Series personal air purifiers are equipped with HyperHEPA filtration technology and a PureJet diffuser that instantly blankets you in clean air. They’re sleek, compact, and portable, allowing you to breathe virtually pure air anytime, anywhere.
\nInstall a whole-house air purifier. Your heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system at home uses outdoor air to heat and cool your home, so even with an indoor air purifier, your air still might become polluted by outdoor particulates on days with poor air quality. The PerfectPro Series whole-house air purifier is equipped with the most powerful HyperHEPA filters available for a residential air purification systems. It fits seamlessly into your existing HVAC system, ensuring that air entering your home is always up to the highest possible standard of quality.

Still not sure? Read about some of the misconceptions that surround air purification technology. Use our Help Me Choose tool to see what air purifier may work best for your indoor air quality needs.

The most capable air purification technology is always backed by evidence-based facts and science. When it comes to choosing the best air purifier, science has got your back.

","do-air-purifiers-work-air-purifier-myths-and-facts-debunked","gid://shopify/Article/564925431886","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/do-air-purifiers-work-air-purifier-myths-and-facts-debunked","2022-01-02T14:14:32Z",[912,715,1442],"Do air purifiers work? Air purifier myths and facts debunked",{"_10":1461,"_202":1462,"_205":1463,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/270220755022","Close-up of what appears to be a room air purifier with some plants in the background (another indoor air purifying tool that has been shown to be ineffective in improving indoor air quality).","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_misconceptions-about-air-purifiers_993189ad-b0e5-4283-84af-8cf2c530fc4d.jpg?v=1758212556",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1465,"_1139":1466,"_1154":1467,"_1156":1467,"_1157":1468,"_1159":1469,"_1008":1470,"_10":1471,"_1163":1472,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1473,"_635":1474,"_599":1475,"_1171":1476},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"They look great on your nightstand, but are they worth their salt as air purifiers? Learn more.","Himalayan salt lamps DO NOT purify indoor air.These trendy little lamps consist of a light bulb placed inside a chunk of pink Himalayan salt. They’re easily recognized by their hand-carved, often stylized shapes and dim, pinkish glow they emit when light shines through them.They’ve been gaining popularity for years, mostly because their distinct color and unique appearance make them attractive objects for interior decoration, and their glow can add a pleasing atmosphere to a room.But their recent rise in popularity as “natural” air purifiers should trouble you.A host of (often misleading) studies supporting the use of salt in treating respiratory conditions have escalated demand for these little pink things, especially within the well-primed alternative medicine market, full of people who may already be seeking home remedies for all sorts of health conditions and indoor environmental issues when modern medicine hasn’t seemed to help.And you shouldn’t buy a Himalayan salt lamp to purify your air for one major reason: they’re negative ionizers, and negative ionization is one of the most absurd air purification myths ever devised.Why are Himalayan salt lamps bad for air quality?Again, two words: negative ionization.If you ever hear the words “ionization” (in one form or another) and “air purification” in the same sentence, you should run in the opposite direction.In the context of air purification, negative ionization happens when negatively charged particles attach themselves, or “charge,” pollutant particles in the air, effectively removing them from ambient air by causing them to stick to nearby surfaces.This phenomenon also occurs in nature – know that distinct smell in the air after a thunderstorm? That’s the result of “atmospheric space charge” as air ions are generated by the electric fields of storms.1 Many air purifiers and purification devices sold in stores, including Himalayan salt lamps and a variety of “air ionizers,” artificially produce high voltage to achieve this same effect.The problem with negative ionization, though, is that it doesn’t actually remove pollutants from your indoor air – it just causes the particles to adhere themselves to nearby surfaces, where they’re easily stirred up by indoor activities like dusting, vacuuming, and ventilation.Charged particles can also stick to your respiratory tract, where charged particles can settle in your windpipe and lungs and cause even more harm that if they’d just remained in the air. Studies show that these particles can penetrate deep into your respiratory system and cause both heart and lung conditions.2The average, nightstand-sized Himalayan salt lamp generates only a small number of negative ions into the air, so you may not notice any tangible change in your air quality or health, at least immediately. But these lamps can be huge: you can buy salt lamps that weight up to 300 pounds for thousands of dollars, and their ionization effects may have a more noticeable effect on your air, especially if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have a much harder time getting out.And negative ionizers have another dark secret: they can also create indoor ozone (O3).There are two main types of ozone: Stratospheric ozone: Alayer of ozone occurs naturally several miles up in the atmosphere, where it protects the surface of the earth (and people’s skin) from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Tropospheric ozone: Also called ground-level ozone or smog, ground-level ozone tends to develop when heat from sunlight reacts with chemicals near the ground, many of which are produced by emissions from vehicle exhaust and factory smoke. Negative ionization can generate tropospheric ozone indoors. While stratospheric ozone has no interaction with us in the lower atmosphere, ground-level ozone is far more harmful when it builds up to high levels. And perhaps one of the starkest examples of ground-level ozone is one that millions of us know very well – the smog that forms in major cities during rush hour.If you live near a freeway, dense urban center, or even at a high elevation where you can see the area around an urban area. A few hours or less after rush hour begins and the sun begins to rise, you’ll start to notice a visible layer of haze build up. This is ground-level ozone, and even though it’s a typical feature of modern life, extensive research shows that it causes a plethora of immediate symptoms, including: Coughing Wheezing Trouble breathing Stuffy nose Dizziness Tingling in arms and legs Fever3,4 Further research suggests that ozone is also responsible for long-term health problems, such as asthma, heart disease, and lung disease. Emerging studies on rats also suggest that ozone could cause seizures and blindness.So even though you may not get rush-hour levels of ozone in your home from a salt lamp, indoor ozone buildup can indeed cause some disruptive health effects if you don’t follow best practices for good Indoor Air Quality.So what’s so special about Himalayan salt?So how did someone come up with the idea that Himalayan salt lamps have any health effects at all?The story stretches back millennia. Truly authentic Himalayan salt comes from the Khewra salt reserves in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Salt mined here is thought to be millions of years old and contain numerous minerals.Salt lamps have been proposed for use in treatments for conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of their purported therapeutic effects on your respiratory system. This treatment even has a clinical term: halotherapy, based on an ages-old respiratory treatment technique known as speleotherapy. First used in Eastern Europe, speleotherapy consists of spending time in a salt cave, where four environmental conditions are thought to help reduce symptoms of respiratory illness:5 Stable air temperature Moderate to high humidity Presence of aerosol elements, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium Lack of airborne pollutants Halotherapy takes the notion that salt cave environments are good for respiratory health by having people inhale small amounts of salt particles that are released into the ambient air of a controlled room to “reproduce” a salt cave’s microclimate. But there’s no conclusive evidence that either speleotherapy or halotherapy actually relieve respiratory symptoms.6Take the claims with a grain of...well, saltSo here’s the takeaway: We’re not saying you shouldn’t get a Himalayan salt lamp. Their dim glow can be quite soothing at night when you’re trying to fall asleep.But they don’t purify air. And “air purifiers” that emits ions and ozone may make your indoor air quality worse, introduce new health problems, and exacerbate existing ones.You can take many precautions to monitorand keep your indoor air clean, but buying a salt lamp isn’t one of them. Try these proven methods instead: Be aware of your indoor air quality. The AirVisual Series consists of portable air quality monitors that use cutting-edge laser technology to give you real-time measurements of key pollutants, including particulate matter. AirVisual Series also provides 72-hour historical and forecast data so that you can know exactly when and why your indoor air quality changes. Control sources of poor indoor air quality. If you’re thinking about buying a salt lamp to purify your air, chances are that you do have air quality issues that you may be able to do something about. The first step to improving your indoor indoor air quality is source control.This means eliminating individual sources of pollution or reducing their emissions. Regularly clean your HVAC system ducts. Install a whole-house air purifier into your HVAC system to reduce indoor pollutants by up to 95%. Replace water-damaged areas of your home to prevent mold and dust mites. Keep paints, solvents, and other chemicals in well-ventilated areas. Ventilate your home. Let in fresh air regularly to lower the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. This is especially important if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have nowhere to go and thus build up to dangerous levels. Open doors and windows when outdoor air quality is good. Use a range hood for your stove to capture gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cooking. Use an air purifier with HyperHEPA technology. The IQAir HealthPro Plusis the best air purifier for even the smallest pollutant particles, removing up to 99.5% of particulates down to 0.003 microns, like viruses and ultrafine particles from vehicle exhaust. The Atempersonal air purifier can also provide pure, pollutant-free air directly into your personal breathing zone. Sure, a salt lamp can be a nice accessory and bring some calm into your home. But there’s plenty you can do to actually keep your indoor air clean and bring yourself some peace of mind knowing that your home is a clean air sanctuary.","

Himalayan salt lamps DO NOT purify indoor air.

These trendy little lamps consist of a light bulb placed inside a chunk of pink Himalayan salt. They’re easily recognized by their hand-carved, often stylized shapes and dim, pinkish glow they emit when light shines through them.

They’ve been gaining popularity for years, mostly because their distinct color and unique appearance make them attractive objects for interior decoration, and their glow can add a pleasing atmosphere to a room.

But their recent rise in popularity as “natural” air purifiers should trouble you.

A host of (often misleading) studies supporting the use of salt in treating respiratory conditions have escalated demand for these little pink things, especially within the well-primed alternative medicine market, full of people who may already be seeking home remedies for all sorts of health conditions and indoor environmental issues when modern medicine hasn’t seemed to help.

And you shouldn’t buy a Himalayan salt lamp to purify your air for one major reason: they’re negative ionizers, and negative ionization is one of the most absurd air purification myths ever devised.

Why are Himalayan salt lamps bad for air quality?

Again, two words: negative ionization.

If you ever hear the words “ionization” (in one form or another) and “air purification” in the same sentence, you should run in the opposite direction.

In the context of air purification, negative ionization happens when negatively charged particles attach themselves, or “charge,” pollutant particles in the air, effectively removing them from ambient air by causing them to stick to nearby surfaces.

This phenomenon also occurs in nature – know that distinct smell in the air after a thunderstorm? That’s the result of “atmospheric space charge” as air ions are generated by the electric fields of storms.¹ Many air purifiers and purification devices sold in stores, including Himalayan salt lamps and a variety of “air ionizers,” artificially produce high voltage to achieve this same effect.

The problem with negative ionization, though, is that it doesn’t actually remove pollutants from your indoor air – it just causes the particles to adhere themselves to nearby surfaces, where they’re easily stirred up by indoor activities like dusting, vacuuming, and ventilation.

Charged particles can also stick to your respiratory tract, where charged particles can settle in your windpipe and lungs and cause even more harm that if they’d just remained in the air. Studies show that these particles can penetrate deep into your respiratory system and cause both heart and lung conditions.²

The average, nightstand-sized Himalayan salt lamp generates only a small number of negative ions into the air, so you may not notice any tangible change in your air quality or health, at least immediately. But these lamps can be huge: you can buy salt lamps that weight up to 300 pounds for thousands of dollars, and their ionization effects may have a more noticeable effect on your air, especially if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have a much harder time getting out.

And negative ionizers have another dark secret: they can also create indoor ozone (O₃).

There are two main types of ozone:

\nStratospheric ozone: Alayer of ozone occurs naturally several miles up in the atmosphere, where it protects the surface of the earth (and people’s skin) from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
\nTropospheric ozone: Also called ground-level ozone or smog, ground-level ozone tends to develop when heat from sunlight reacts with chemicals near the ground, many of which are produced by emissions from vehicle exhaust and factory smoke.

Negative ionization can generate tropospheric ozone indoors. While stratospheric ozone has no interaction with us in the lower atmosphere, ground-level ozone is far more harmful when it builds up to high levels. And perhaps one of the starkest examples of ground-level ozone is one that millions of us know very well – the smog that forms in major cities during rush hour.

If you live near a freeway, dense urban center, or even at a high elevation where you can see the area around an urban area. A few hours or less after rush hour begins and the sun begins to rise, you’ll start to notice a visible layer of haze build up. This is ground-level ozone, and even though it’s a typical feature of modern life, extensive research shows that it causes a plethora of immediate symptoms, including:

Coughing
Wheezing
Trouble breathing
Stuffy nose
Dizziness
Tingling in arms and legs
Fever^3,4\n

Further research suggests that ozone is also responsible for long-term health problems, such as asthma, heart disease, and lung disease. Emerging studies on rats also suggest that ozone could cause seizures and blindness.

So even though you may not get rush-hour levels of ozone in your home from a salt lamp, indoor ozone buildup can indeed cause some disruptive health effects if you don’t follow best practices for good Indoor Air Quality.

So what’s so special about Himalayan salt?

So how did someone come up with the idea that Himalayan salt lamps have any health effects at all?

The story stretches back millennia. Truly authentic Himalayan salt comes from the Khewra salt reserves in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Salt mined here is thought to be millions of years old and contain numerous minerals.

Salt lamps have been proposed for use in treatments for conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of their purported therapeutic effects on your respiratory system. This treatment even has a clinical term: halotherapy, based on an ages-old respiratory treatment technique known as speleotherapy. First used in Eastern Europe, speleotherapy consists of spending time in a salt cave, where four environmental conditions are thought to help reduce symptoms of respiratory illness:⁵

Stable air temperature
Moderate to high humidity
Presence of aerosol elements, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium
Lack of airborne pollutants

Halotherapy takes the notion that salt cave environments are good for respiratory health by having people inhale small amounts of salt particles that are released into the ambient air of a controlled room to “reproduce” a salt cave’s microclimate. But there’s no conclusive evidence that either speleotherapy or halotherapy actually relieve respiratory symptoms.⁶

Take the claims with a grain of...well, salt

So here’s the takeaway: We’re not saying you shouldn’t get a Himalayan salt lamp. Their dim glow can be quite soothing at night when you’re trying to fall asleep.

But they don’t purify air. And “air purifiers” that emits ions and ozone may make your indoor air quality worse, introduce new health problems, and exacerbate existing ones.

You can take many precautions to monitorand keep your indoor air clean, but buying a salt lamp isn’t one of them. Try these proven methods instead:

\nBe aware of your indoor air quality. The AirVisual Series consists of portable air quality monitors that use cutting-edge laser technology to give you real-time measurements of key pollutants, including particulate matter. AirVisual Series also provides 72-hour historical and forecast data so that you can know exactly when and why your indoor air quality changes.
\nControl sources of poor indoor air quality. If you’re thinking about buying a salt lamp to purify your air, chances are that you do have air quality issues that you may be able to do something about. The first step to improving your indoor indoor air quality is source control.This means eliminating individual sources of pollution or reducing their emissions.\n\n\t
- Regularly clean your HVAC system ducts. Install a whole-house air purifier into your HVAC system to reduce indoor pollutants by up to 95%.
- Replace water-damaged areas of your home to prevent mold and dust mites.
- Keep paints, solvents, and other chemicals in well-ventilated areas.
\n\n\t
\nVentilate your home. Let in fresh air regularly to lower the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. This is especially important if you live in an airtight, energy-efficient home in which indoor pollutants have nowhere to go and thus build up to dangerous levels.\n\n\t
- Open doors and windows when outdoor air quality is good.
- Use a range hood for your stove to capture gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cooking.
\n\n\t
\nUse an air purifier with HyperHEPA technology. The IQAir HealthPro Plusis the best air purifier for even the smallest pollutant particles, removing up to 99.5% of particulates down to 0.003 microns, like viruses and ultrafine particles from vehicle exhaust. The Atempersonal air purifier can also provide pure, pollutant-free air directly into your personal breathing zone.

Sure, a salt lamp can be a nice accessory and bring some calm into your home. But there’s plenty you can do to actually keep your indoor air clean and bring yourself some peace of mind knowing that your home is a clean air sanctuary.
\n\n

","himalayan-salt-lamp-debunked","gid://shopify/Article/564925366350","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/himalayan-salt-lamp-debunked","2019-06-17T13:49:29Z",[1169,715,1442],"Himalayan salt lamps: Worth their salt?",{"_10":1477,"_202":1478,"_205":1479,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269475545166","Why are Himalayan salt lamps bad for air quality?","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_HimalayanSalt_061419_750_0b979b61-4b6f-4eeb-8061-88996d52278e.jpg?v=1751543619",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1481,"_1139":1482,"_1154":1483,"_1156":1483,"_1157":1484,"_1159":1485,"_1008":1486,"_10":1487,"_1163":1488,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1489,"_635":1490,"_599":1491,"_1171":1492},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Learn more how scented candles release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit — and can harm your health.","Are scented candles bad for you?Burning a scented candle is a popular way to create a pleasant ambiance at home. Scents such aslavender, jasmine, and sandalwood can be relaxing and invigorating. During the holidays, many people find the warm glow and aroma of pine, gingerbread, or cinnamon makes a room feel more festive.Unfortunately, most mass-produced scented candles can have a negative impact on indoor air quality. From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.So while you and your family may enjoy the fragrance of scented candles in your home, they may be harmful to your health. Read on to learn why some candles are bad for you.Paraffin waxAre paraffin wax candles safe? In what way can wax be harmful?According to a 2017 study in the International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, paraffin candles emit pollutants that can threaten human health and shouldn’t be burned in enclosed areas (1).Most candles are made from paraffin, a petroleum byproduct. To create paraffin wax candles, petroleum waste is chemically bleached, deodorized, and made into wax. When burned, paraffin wax can release toxicvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including known carcinogens like: alkenes acetone benzene toluene These are the same chemicals found in diesel fuel emissions and are known to cause allergies, asthma attacks, and skin problems.A 2005 study published by the University of South Florida showed that candles made of paraffin wax emit low levels of benzene even when they are not lit (2).Is burning candles bad for you?In addition to releasing toxic chemicals, burning paraffin wax produces soot composed of particulate matter such as, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles that can remain suspended in the air for hours. According to the University of South Florida study, ultrafine soot particles are similar to diesel exhaust in both their size and composition. They penetrate deeply into the lungs and are absorbed into the blood stream (3).A 2000 study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that soot emissions from candles are significantly higher after wax breakthrough occurs and when a candle is smoldering (4).Ultrafine particles are associated with severe health issues, including: allergies asthma COPD (5) respiratory tract infections heart attacks strokes cancer So, are candles bad for your health? Not all candles produce the same amount of air pollutants. A 2002 study published in theJournal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society found that soywax, much like beeswax candles, burned at a significantly lower rate and resulted in less soot than paraffin candles (6).Chemical fragrancesAnother problem with scented candles is that the chemicals they use to create a pleasing aroma are generally far from wholesome.Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature.Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature. Commonly emitted VOCs related to the scent in candles include (7): formaldehyde petroleum distillates limonene alcohol esters These harmful chemicals can cause health problems, such as: headaches dizziness allergy symptoms asthma attacks respiratory tract infections cancer Cored wicksMany candles have cored wicks made from cotton that are wrapped around a metal support. The design helps keep the wick from falling over into the wax. This is especially useful for scented candles because the fragrance oils soften the wax and allow non-cored wicks to go limp.Are candles toxic? If they have lead in them, possibly. Lead was once commonly used in cored candlewicks — especially in candles imported from overseas. However, after determining that these wicks could present a lead poisoning hazard to young children, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the manufacture and sale of all candles with lead-core wicks in 2003 (8). Zinc and tin have been used as a substitute since the ban.All metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned.However, all metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned. Wicks with zinc and tin cores can still release small amounts of lead particles (9,10).Safer alternativesTo limit soot stains and poor air quality in your home, you should avoid or restrict the use of candles (11).If you still crave the pleasant ambiance and aroma of scented candles, here are safer ways to scent the air: Use essential oils for fragrance.Essential oils can be placed in a diffuser or in bathwater to create a desired aroma. Simmer spices.Place spices such as cinnamon sticks, cloves, and nutmeg in a pot of water and let it simmer on the stove. Create potpourri.Dried items such as flowers, berries, fruit rinds, wood chips, and spices can be placed in bowls or fabric bags and placed around your home. The takeawayLighting scented candles may seem like a relaxing way to enjoy your home. But burning scented candles releases VOC pollutants and worsens your home’s indoor air quality. Although fragrances from safer alternatives like essential oils can be pleasant, trulyclean air smells like nothing at all.","

Are scented candles bad for you?

Burning a scented candle is a popular way to create a pleasant ambiance at home. Scents such aslavender, jasmine, and sandalwood can be relaxing and invigorating. During the holidays, many people find the warm glow and aroma of pine, gingerbread, or cinnamon makes a room feel more festive.

Unfortunately, most mass-produced scented candles can have a negative impact on indoor air quality. From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.

From the wax to the wick to the fragrance itself, the average scented candle can release harmful chemicals into the air — even when unlit.

So while you and your family may enjoy the fragrance of scented candles in your home, they may be harmful to your health. Read on to learn why some candles are bad for you.

Paraffin wax

Are paraffin wax candles safe? In what way can wax be harmful?

According to a 2017 study in the International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, paraffin candles emit pollutants that can threaten human health and shouldn’t be burned in enclosed areas (1).

Most candles are made from paraffin, a petroleum byproduct. To create paraffin wax candles, petroleum waste is chemically bleached, deodorized, and made into wax. When burned, paraffin wax can release toxicvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including known carcinogens like:

alkenes
acetone
benzene
toluene

These are the same chemicals found in diesel fuel emissions and are known to cause allergies, asthma attacks, and skin problems.

A 2005 study published by the University of South Florida showed that candles made of paraffin wax emit low levels of benzene even when they are not lit (2).

Is burning candles bad for you?

In addition to releasing toxic chemicals, burning paraffin wax produces soot composed of particulate matter such as, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles that can remain suspended in the air for hours. According to the University of South Florida study, ultrafine soot particles are similar to diesel exhaust in both their size and composition. They penetrate deeply into the lungs and are absorbed into the blood stream (3).

A 2000 study conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that soot emissions from candles are significantly higher after wax breakthrough occurs and when a candle is smoldering (4).

Ultrafine particles are associated with severe health issues, including:

allergies
asthma
COPD (5)
respiratory tract infections
heart attacks
strokes
cancer

So, are candles bad for your health? Not all candles produce the same amount of air pollutants. A 2002 study published in theJournal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society found that soywax, much like beeswax candles, burned at a significantly lower rate and resulted in less soot than paraffin candles (6).

Chemical fragrances

Another problem with scented candles is that the chemicals they use to create a pleasing aroma are generally far from wholesome.

Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature.

Most scented candles use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature. Commonly emitted VOCs related to the scent in candles include (7):

formaldehyde
petroleum distillates
limonene
alcohol
esters

These harmful chemicals can cause health problems, such as:

headaches
dizziness
allergy symptoms
asthma attacks
respiratory tract infections
cancer
\n\n\t

Cored wicks

Many candles have cored wicks made from cotton that are wrapped around a metal support. The design helps keep the wick from falling over into the wax. This is especially useful for scented candles because the fragrance oils soften the wax and allow non-cored wicks to go limp.

Are candles toxic? If they have lead in them, possibly. Lead was once commonly used in cored candlewicks — especially in candles imported from overseas. However, after determining that these wicks could present a lead poisoning hazard to young children, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the manufacture and sale of all candles with lead-core wicks in 2003 (8). Zinc and tin have been used as a substitute since the ban.

All metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned.

However, all metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when they are burned. Wicks with zinc and tin cores can still release small amounts of lead particles (9,10).

Safer alternatives

To limit soot stains and poor air quality in your home, you should avoid or restrict the use of candles (11).

If you still crave the pleasant ambiance and aroma of scented candles, here are safer ways to scent the air:

\nUse essential oils for fragrance.Essential oils can be placed in a diffuser or in bathwater to create a desired aroma.
\nSimmer spices.Place spices such as cinnamon sticks, cloves, and nutmeg in a pot of water and let it simmer on the stove.
\nCreate potpourri.Dried items such as flowers, berries, fruit rinds, wood chips, and spices can be placed in bowls or fabric bags and placed around your home.

The takeaway

Lighting scented candles may seem like a relaxing way to enjoy your home. But burning scented candles releases VOC pollutants and worsens your home’s indoor air quality. Although fragrances from safer alternatives like essential oils can be pleasant, trulyclean air smells like nothing at all.

","hidden-dangers-scented-candles","gid://shopify/Article/564925464654","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/hidden-dangers-scented-candles","2016-12-04T22:35:53Z",[715,1442],"The hidden dangers of scented candles",{"_10":1493,"_202":1494,"_205":1495,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269279461454","Two lit candles","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/49_scented_desktop_RE_8f4a0295-45a8-421d-870a-900787fa96cc.jpg?v=1749633122","successStories",[1498,1515,1532,1549],{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1499,"_1139":1500,"_1154":1501,"_1156":1502,"_1157":1503,"_1159":1504,"_1008":1505,"_10":1506,"_1163":1507,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1508,"_635":1509,"_599":1510,"_1171":1511},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Discover how Tedy Mwendwa's air quality monitoring project in Nairobi is bridging critical gaps in Africa's air quality data. Learn more.","

Discover how Tedy Mwendwa's air quality monitoring project in Nairobi is bridging critical gaps in Africa's air quality data. Learn more.

","“Every day, I witness the severe impact of poor air quality on my community,” Tedy Mwendwa explained. “Using my expertise in electrical engineering, I felt compelled to create change.” In the heart of Africa, amidst bustling cities and vibrant rural landscapes, Mwendwa is pioneering a movement for cleaner air in Kenya. With a professional foundation in electrical engineering and a passion for environmental stewardship, Mwendwa's deployment of a low-cost air quality sensor in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, marks a pivotal step in revealing and addressing pollution and bridging critical gaps in Africa’s air quality data. Nairobi's leap towards cleaner air In late 2021, Mwendwa established an air quality station. Set up along one of Nairobi’s busy thoroughfares, the station gathers data on pollutants from sources like vehicular exhaust and biomass burning. \"It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution.” “It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution,” Mwendwa said. “Empowering our community with this data is crucial for driving action and advocating for sustainable solutions. Without data, we remain in the dark.” Local expertise, global resources drive innovation Building on the foundation of community-driven air monitoring, the project has taken a step forward. It now hosts East Africa’s first Monster Aerosol System (a platform that houses advanced aerosol analyzers), featuring a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (TOF-ACSM). This technology provides real-time, high-resolution data on airborne particles—including nitrates, ammonium, and chlorides—uncovering the chemical fingerprints of pollution with unprecedented precision. Paired with a black carbon monitor, the system offers a comprehensive view of airborne composition and sources. These reference-grade instruments build on the project’s original IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor—pairing community-level, real-time data with laboratory-grade chemical insight. The TOF-ACSM will help identify pollution sources—from mineral dust kicked up by unpaved roads and construction to organic aerosols tied to biomass burning and traffic emissions. It will also track seasonal and daily shifts in air quality, influenced by weather patterns and human activity. The initiative is expanding further with the deployment of GRIMM EDM 180 reference monitors across Nairobi, replacing older equipment to deliver faster, more accurate readings with minimal maintenance. In collaboration with the Kenya National Highways Authority (KENHA), these monitors will be placed along major highways and construction zones, ensuring data reflects the realities of urban life. These advancements are part of the NBO-CHEM Project (Nairobi Aerosol Chemistry and Monitoring Initiative), an effort funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by Prof. Daniel M. Westervelt, Dr. Godwin Opinde, and Tedy Mwendwa. By combining local expertise with state-of-the-art scientific resources, the project aims to transform how we understand air pollution in East Africa. The challenge of air quality monitoring in Africa The new additions to the project are heartening developments towards advancing air quality understanding in East Africa. Yet, despite the increasing efforts to monitor air quality globally, Africa remains one of the most underrepresented continents in terms of air quality data. According to the 2024 World Air Quality Report, there is only one monitoring station for every 3.7 million people. While coverage has expanded to include more African countries in recent years, there are still vast areas without sufficient data. For example, countries like Niger and Sudan remain without publicly available monitoring data.Air pollution is a major health threat, causing an estimated seven million premature deaths worldwide each year. Without accurate data, it is challenging to address the sources and impacts of air pollution effectively. Grassroots efforts like Mwendwa's are crucial in filling these data gaps, providing models for further projects and inspiring broader initiatives. Harnessing technology for a healthier tomorrow Utilizing an AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitor, Mwendwa’s station gathers critical real-time data. “The AirVisual sensor was easy to deploy and requires little maintenance, even in our somewhat extreme conditions with limited resources,” he said.The project, though small, is already making a difference in the community. “By sharing a link to the AirVisual Platform and using the app, we can easily get our data to students nationwide, enabling them to conduct their own research on pollution,” he said. The data has also been used to inform parents with small children of the effects of poor air quality. \"They need to understand that this data can help give them a better life,\" Mwendwa said. Cultivating environmental consciousness Mwendwa envisions a future where air quality stations span Africa, fostering a culture of environmental awareness and proactive health management. “The data my station is gathering empowers students to conduct community research, highlighting pollution's impact and fostering greater understanding,” he said. “This awareness can significantly influence the general population.\"Mwendwa plans further collaborations with local governments, communities, and international bodies, with this initial project laying a foundation for sustainable environmental policies and practices. “Our goal is to illuminate the unseen threats of pollution through technology,” he said. “Providing our community, and beyond, with this data, equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future. Without data, we are navigating blindly.” “Providing our community with this data equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future.” Conclusion From a low-cost sensor to a full NBO-CHEM reference hybrid network, Mwendwa’s project shows how local leadership and modern tools can accelerate Kenya’s clean-air progress. The project is an invitation to communities and policymakers to engage in a similar quest for healthier environments.Mwendwa's efforts symbolize more than geographic growth—they embody the momentum of a global movement dedicated to clean air. His work exemplifies uniting technology, data, and collective engagement to tackle one of our era's most pressing challenges.Achieving cleaner air is a communal endeavor, demanding innovation and cooperation. Mwendwa's project is a rallying cry to all, inviting participation in crafting a healthier, sustainable future for generations to come.","

“Every day, I witness the severe impact of poor air quality on my community,” Tedy Mwendwa explained. “Using my expertise in electrical engineering, I felt compelled to create change.”

In the heart of Africa, amidst bustling cities and vibrant rural landscapes, Mwendwa is pioneering a movement for cleaner air in Kenya. With a professional foundation in electrical engineering and a passion for environmental stewardship, Mwendwa's deployment of a low-cost air quality sensor in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, marks a pivotal step in revealing and addressing pollution and bridging critical gaps in Africa’s air quality data.

Nairobi's leap towards cleaner air

In late 2021, Mwendwa established an air quality station. Set up along one of Nairobi’s busy thoroughfares, the station gathers data on pollutants from sources like vehicular exhaust and biomass burning.

\"It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution.”

“It's about leveraging technology to unveil the hidden dangers of pollution,” Mwendwa said. “Empowering our community with this data is crucial for driving action and advocating for sustainable solutions. Without data, we remain in the dark.”

Local expertise, global resources drive innovation

Building on the foundation of community-driven air monitoring, the project has taken a step forward. It now hosts East Africa’s first Monster Aerosol System (a platform that houses advanced aerosol analyzers), featuring a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (TOF-ACSM). This technology provides real-time, high-resolution data on airborne particles—including nitrates, ammonium, and chlorides—uncovering the chemical fingerprints of pollution with unprecedented precision. Paired with a black carbon monitor, the system offers a comprehensive view of airborne composition and sources. These reference-grade instruments build on the project’s original IQAir AirVisual Outdoor monitor—pairing community-level, real-time data with laboratory-grade chemical insight.

The TOF-ACSM will help identify pollution sources—from mineral dust kicked up by unpaved roads and construction to organic aerosols tied to biomass burning and traffic emissions. It will also track seasonal and daily shifts in air quality, influenced by weather patterns and human activity.

The initiative is expanding further with the deployment of GRIMM EDM 180 reference monitors across Nairobi, replacing older equipment to deliver faster, more accurate readings with minimal maintenance. In collaboration with the Kenya National Highways Authority (KENHA), these monitors will be placed along major highways and construction zones, ensuring data reflects the realities of urban life.

These advancements are part of the NBO-CHEM Project (Nairobi Aerosol Chemistry and Monitoring Initiative), an effort funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and led by Prof. Daniel M. Westervelt, Dr. Godwin Opinde, and Tedy Mwendwa.

By combining local expertise with state-of-the-art scientific resources, the project aims to transform how we understand air pollution in East Africa.

The challenge of air quality monitoring in Africa

The new additions to the project are heartening developments towards advancing air quality understanding in East Africa. Yet, despite the increasing efforts to monitor air quality globally, Africa remains one of the most underrepresented continents in terms of air quality data. According to the 2024 World Air Quality Report , there is only one monitoring station for every 3.7 million people.

While coverage has expanded to include more African countries in recent years, there are still vast areas without sufficient data. For example, countries like Niger and Sudan remain without publicly available monitoring data.

Air pollution is a major health threat, causing an estimated seven million premature deaths worldwide each year. Without accurate data, it is challenging to address the sources and impacts of air pollution effectively. Grassroots efforts like Mwendwa's are crucial in filling these data gaps, providing models for further projects and inspiring broader initiatives.

Harnessing technology for a healthier tomorrow

Utilizing an AirVisual Outdoor air quality monitor, Mwendwa’s station gathers critical real-time data. “The AirVisual sensor was easy to deploy and requires little maintenance, even in our somewhat extreme conditions with limited resources,” he said.

The project, though small, is already making a difference in the community. “By sharing a link to the AirVisual Platform and using the app, we can easily get our data to students nationwide, enabling them to conduct their own research on pollution,” he said. The data has also been used to inform parents with small children of the effects of poor air quality. \"They need to understand that this data can help give them a better life,\" Mwendwa said.

Cultivating environmental consciousness

Mwendwa envisions a future where air quality stations span Africa, fostering a culture of environmental awareness and proactive health management. “The data my station is gathering empowers students to conduct community research, highlighting pollution's impact and fostering greater understanding,” he said. “This awareness can significantly influence the general population.\"

Mwendwa plans further collaborations with local governments, communities, and international bodies, with this initial project laying a foundation for sustainable environmental policies and practices. “Our goal is to illuminate the unseen threats of pollution through technology,” he said. “Providing our community, and beyond, with this data, equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future. Without data, we are navigating blindly.”

“Providing our community with this data equips them to advocate for sustainable solutions essential for a healthier future.”

Conclusion

From a low-cost sensor to a full NBO-CHEM reference hybrid network, Mwendwa’s project shows how local leadership and modern tools can accelerate Kenya’s clean-air progress. The project is an invitation to communities and policymakers to engage in a similar quest for healthier environments.

Mwendwa's efforts symbolize more than geographic growth—they embody the momentum of a global movement dedicated to clean air. His work exemplifies uniting technology, data, and collective engagement to tackle one of our era's most pressing challenges.

Achieving cleaner air is a communal endeavor, demanding innovation and cooperation. Mwendwa's project is a rallying cry to all, inviting participation in crafting a healthier, sustainable future for generations to come.

","revealing-the-invisible-kenya","gid://shopify/Article/634090586190","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/revealing-the-invisible-kenya","2025-12-01T13:00:00Z",[710,897],"Revealing the Invisible: Boosting air quality awareness in Kenya",{"_10":1512,"_202":1513,"_205":1514,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/271197536334","Nairobi-city-smog","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_Revamp_Kenya_Clean_Air_Desktop_17bb0503-bb60-4348-89cf-60970c96defc.jpg?v=1767630564",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1516,"_1139":1517,"_1154":1518,"_1156":1519,"_1157":1520,"_1159":1521,"_1008":1522,"_10":1523,"_1163":1524,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1525,"_635":1526,"_599":1527,"_1171":1528},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"WWF Pakistan is tackling air pollution with IQAir. Learn how real-time data is driving change across the country.","

WWF Pakistan is tackling air pollution with IQAir. Learn how real-time data is driving change across the country.

","In Pakistan, where vast horizons stretch beneath seemingly clear skies, severe air pollution silently impacts public health and well-being nationwide. Yet, due to a dire lack of data and awareness, the scale of the threat remains largely unseen. Recognizing the urgency of this crisis, WWF-Pakistan has taken significant steps to address air pollution using IQAir’s air quality monitoring technology. WWF-Pakistan has successfully deployed 15 stations across Pakistan and published data to IQAir’s AirVisual platform, establishing the country’s largest air quality monitoring network. With this initiative, WWF-Pakistan is transforming how the country understands and confronts this invisible threat. \"We have successfully reached the goal of installing AirVisual Outdoor sensors in 15 of our offices across Pakistan,\" said WWF-Pakistan’s Research Officer, Muhammad Huzaifa who led this initiative in Pakistan. As of now, WWF-Pakistan has air monitoring stations located in key regions like Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Multan, and Peshawar. They provide real-time data that is accessible to both policymakers and the public. \"We are excited to say that we’ve published the data from these stations to IQAir’s platform, where communities can see their local air quality in real-time.” Pakistan's Air Quality Challenge Pakistan's urban centers, such as Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi, frequently grapple with thick layers of smog. While this is a visible reminder of air pollution, the more dangerous pollutants often remain unseen and unmonitored. One of the greatest challenges in Pakistan has been the need for more reliable, public air quality data. \"Our air quality network provides crucial air quality data in some of Pakistan’s most polluted regions, and are often ranked among the top 10 most polluted cities in the world\" Huzaifa explained. WWF-Pakistan, the nation’s largest environmental organization, has been addressing critical environmental issues since 1970. Originally focused on protecting wildlife and ecosystems, the organization’s scope has broadened to include tackling climate change, protecting vulnerable habitats, and securing vital resources like freshwater. Now, through their air quality monitoring initiative, they are addressing one of the most pressing health and environmental crises facing Pakistan. “Unfortunately, there is little public air quality data available,” Huzaifa noted. “This information vacuum has left policymakers and citizens unprepared to tackle the pollution crisis.” WWF-Pakistan’s initiative helps fill this gap, ensuring the public has access to real-time, localized air quality data. With real-time data now available, citizens, governments, and policymakers can work together to implement solutions, reduce pollution and improve health outcomes across the country. Rolling Out Pakistan’s Air Quality Network WWF-Pakistan’s initiative, which involves installing a total of air quality sensors in 15 key cities across the country, marks a critical step in Pakistan’s battle against air pollution. All 15 stations are currently up and running. Partnering with IQAir adds both credibility and precision to the project. \"IQAir's AirVisual air quality monitors are globally recognized for their accuracy and ability to track even the smallest fluctuations in air quality,\" said Huzaifa. \"IQAir's technology is built to withstand all sorts of weather and having it in place ensures that people will trust the data.\" This transparency is essential for mobilizing both community efforts and policy interventions, as reliable information is crucial to driving meaningful change. Air Quality Data in Action With the sensors online and data flowing into the IQAir platform, WWF-Pakistan's live contributor profile showcases the impact of their work, allowing anyone to monitor air quality in real-time. This transparency empowers citizens and policymakers alike to take informed action, using reliable data to drive meaningful change across the country. Explore WWF-Pakistan’s profile to see the live data from their monitoring stations across Pakistan. \"Data isn’t just a tool for awareness—it’s the foundation for meaningful action,\" Nazifa Butt, Director Climate Action and Sustainability WWF-Pakistan emphasized. “Now that we have the data, we have something to report and base our decisions on.” Nazifa emphasized the importance of storytelling. “We’re going to have to tell two parts of the story,” she explained, pointing out how data can not only expose alarming trends but also inspire communities to push for change—through policies, advocacy, and local initiatives. Vision For the Future WWF-Pakistan envisions a future where every region of the country has access to real-time, accurate air quality data. \"Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan,\" Nazifa explained. By providing access to this data, WWF-Pakistan aims to foster a culture of proactive health management, where individuals and communities can take the steps necessary to protect themselves from pollution. The air quality data being gathered is more than just numbers—it’s a lifeline for communities struggling with the dangers of polluted air. “Our initiative is laying the foundation for a National Clean Air Research Centre,\" Huzaifa said. \"This will be a hub for research and data-driven policies, enabling us to tackle pollution with innovative strategies.\" “Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan.” Beyond their air quality monitoring project, the WWF-Pakistan team oversees more than 70 active environmental protection initiatives in FY 2024 across the country, ranging from clean water access and forest preservation to sustainable infrastructure development. These efforts, working in tandem with the air quality monitoring network, are all part of WWF's broader mission to protect the planet's natural environment and create a future where both people and nature can thrive in harmony. Conclusion WWF-Pakistan's initiative is a testament to the transformative power of data, technology, and collective will in addressing one of today’s most pressing challenges. As this vital work advances, it invites everyone to contribute to the cause—because in the fight for clean air, every voice and every action matters. “This initiative,” Nazifa said, “lays the foundation for what we envision as Pakistan’s future air quality innovation hub. It will serve as a hub for developing strategies and methods to tackle air pollution, aligning efforts across governmental and non-governmental sectors, both locally and internationally, in the fight against climate change.”","

In Pakistan, where vast horizons stretch beneath seemingly clear skies, severe air pollution silently impacts public health and well-being nationwide. Yet, due to a dire lack of data and awareness, the scale of the threat remains largely unseen.

Recognizing the urgency of this crisis, WWF-Pakistan has taken significant steps to address air pollution using IQAir’s air quality monitoring technology. WWF-Pakistan has successfully deployed 15 stations across Pakistan and published data to IQAir’s AirVisual platform, establishing the country’s largest air quality monitoring network. With this initiative, WWF-Pakistan is transforming how the country understands and confronts this invisible threat.

\"We have successfully reached the goal of installing AirVisual Outdoor sensors in 15 of our offices across Pakistan,\" said WWF-Pakistan’s Research Officer, Muhammad Huzaifa who led this initiative in Pakistan.

As of now, WWF-Pakistan has air monitoring stations located in key regions like Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Multan, and Peshawar. They provide real-time data that is accessible to both policymakers and the public. \"We are excited to say that we’ve published the data from these stations to IQAir’s platform, where communities can see their local air quality in real-time.”

Pakistan's Air Quality Challenge

Pakistan's urban centers, such as Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi, frequently grapple with thick layers of smog. While this is a visible reminder of air pollution, the more dangerous pollutants often remain unseen and unmonitored. One of the greatest challenges in Pakistan has been the need for more reliable, public air quality data.

\"Our air quality network provides crucial air quality data in some of Pakistan’s most polluted regions, and are often ranked among the top 10 most polluted cities in the world\" Huzaifa explained.

WWF-Pakistan, the nation’s largest environmental organization, has been addressing critical environmental issues since 1970. Originally focused on protecting wildlife and ecosystems, the organization’s scope has broadened to include tackling climate change, protecting vulnerable habitats, and securing vital resources like freshwater. Now, through their air quality monitoring initiative, they are addressing one of the most pressing health and environmental crises facing Pakistan.

“Unfortunately, there is little public air quality data available,” Huzaifa noted. “This information vacuum has left policymakers and citizens unprepared to tackle the pollution crisis.” WWF-Pakistan’s initiative helps fill this gap, ensuring the public has access to real-time, localized air quality data.

With real-time data now available, citizens, governments, and policymakers can work together to implement solutions, reduce pollution and improve health outcomes across the country.

Rolling Out Pakistan’s Air Quality Network

WWF-Pakistan’s initiative, which involves installing a total of air quality sensors in 15 key cities across the country, marks a critical step in Pakistan’s battle against air pollution. All 15 stations are currently up and running.

Partnering with IQAir adds both credibility and precision to the project. \"IQAir's AirVisual air quality monitors are globally recognized for their accuracy and ability to track even the smallest fluctuations in air quality,\" said Huzaifa. \"IQAir's technology is built to withstand all sorts of weather and having it in place ensures that people will trust the data.\" This transparency is essential for mobilizing both community efforts and policy interventions, as reliable information is crucial to driving meaningful change.

Air Quality Data in Action

With the sensors online and data flowing into the IQAir platform, WWF-Pakistan's live contributor profile showcases the impact of their work, allowing anyone to monitor air quality in real-time. This transparency empowers citizens and policymakers alike to take informed action, using reliable data to drive meaningful change across the country. Explore WWF-Pakistan’s profile to see the live data from their monitoring stations across Pakistan.

\"Data isn’t just a tool for awareness—it’s the foundation for meaningful action,\" Nazifa Butt, Director Climate Action and Sustainability WWF-Pakistan emphasized. “Now that we have the data, we have something to report and base our decisions on.”

Nazifa emphasized the importance of storytelling. “We’re going to have to tell two parts of the story,” she explained, pointing out how data can not only expose alarming trends but also inspire communities to push for change—through policies, advocacy, and local initiatives.

Vision For the Future

WWF-Pakistan envisions a future where every region of the country has access to real-time, accurate air quality data.

\"Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan,\" Nazifa explained. By providing access to this data, WWF-Pakistan aims to foster a culture of proactive health management, where individuals and communities can take the steps necessary to protect themselves from pollution.

The air quality data being gathered is more than just numbers—it’s a lifeline for communities struggling with the dangers of polluted air. “Our initiative is laying the foundation for a National Clean Air Research Centre,\" Huzaifa said. \"This will be a hub for research and data-driven policies, enabling us to tackle pollution with innovative strategies.\"

“Each sensor we deploy is a step closer to a healthier, more sustainable Pakistan.”

Beyond their air quality monitoring project, the WWF-Pakistan team oversees more than 70 active environmental protection initiatives in FY 2024 across the country, ranging from clean water access and forest preservation to sustainable infrastructure development. These efforts, working in tandem with the air quality monitoring network, are all part of WWF's broader mission to protect the planet's natural environment and create a future where both people and nature can thrive in harmony.

Conclusion

WWF-Pakistan's initiative is a testament to the transformative power of data, technology, and collective will in addressing one of today’s most pressing challenges. As this vital work advances, it invites everyone to contribute to the cause—because in the fight for clean air, every voice and every action matters.

“This initiative,” Nazifa said, “lays the foundation for what we envision as Pakistan’s future air quality innovation hub. It will serve as a hub for developing strategies and methods to tackle air pollution, aligning efforts across governmental and non-governmental sectors, both locally and internationally, in the fight against climate change.”

","revealing-the-invisible-wwf-pakistan","gid://shopify/Article/634659078222","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/revealing-the-invisible-wwf-pakistan","2025-11-12T17:43:22Z",[705,710,897],"Revealing the Invisible: WWF-Pakistan’s mission for clean air",{"_10":1529,"_202":1530,"_205":1531,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/270766047310","WWF Team standing Next to Solar Panel","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/AQL_PakistanContributor_Desk_A_1ed3d785-94f0-4a6f-af87-5d895532bd30.jpg?v=1762969405",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1533,"_1139":1534,"_1154":1535,"_1156":1536,"_1157":1537,"_1159":1538,"_1008":1539,"_10":1540,"_1163":1541,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1542,"_635":1543,"_599":1544,"_1171":1545},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"Learn about Permian Health's innovative approach to improving air quality in Gambia, using cutting-edge technology to reveal invisible pollutants and safeguard public health.","

Learn about Permian Health's innovative approach to improving air quality in Gambia, using cutting-edge technology to reveal invisible pollutants and safeguard public health.

","In the slender West African nation of Gambia, Dr. Sunkaru Touray of Permian Health Lung Institute is leading an unprecedented initiative to illuminate the invisible dangers of air pollution through the strategic deployment of low-cost air quality monitors. A vision born from necessity Dr. Touray, a pulmonologist and critical care physician originally from Kartong, The Gambia, was profoundly affected by the respiratory issues he encountered while practicing in New Mexico. These issues, often linked to hydrocarbon exposure and environmental pollutants, spurred him to address similar problems in Gambia, where air quality data is scarce. \"There's a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air,\" Dr. Touray noted. Recognizing the parallels between New Mexico and Gambia, Dr. Touray envisioned the Permian Health Clean Air Initiative. This initiative aims not only to collect data but to empower Gambians with knowledge, enabling them to make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air. “There’s a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air.”–Dr. Sunkaru Touray, Founder, Permian Health The journey of Permian Health Permian Health's mission is clear: to democratize access to air quality data in Gambia by installing low-cost air quality monitors throughout the country. The team selected IQAir’s AirVisual outdoor monitors for this critical work. “These devices are proven to be reliable, user-friendly, and can operate on solar power,” Dr. Touray said. “They also have 4G LTE connectivity,” which make the monitors ideally suited for Gambia's diverse environments—from the bustling streets of Banjul to the rural countryside. \"The goal,\" Dr. Touray explained, \"is not just to collect data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air.\" Highlighting areas of concern: Brikama’s air quality Brikama stands as a poignant example of the challenges faced across Gambia. Known for its bustling markets and as a hub for both commerce and community life, the town also grapples with air quality issues that pose risks to its residents. By placing monitors in strategic locations, including the busy highway through Brikama, Permian Health is mapping pollution levels and raising awareness among the local population about the air they breathe daily—while simultaneously acting as a testament to the potential of grassroots air monitoring networks in challenging regions. Dr Touray said, \"As we look to the future, the lessons learned from Brikama will inform our expansion strategies to other regions facing similar challenges. Our success in achieving nationwide coverage, with Brikama as a keystone in our network, exemplifies the scalable model of Permian Health Clean Air Initiative.” “The goal is not to just collect the data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health.” Local feedback has been largely positive. According to Dr. Touray, real-time access to air quality monitor information has improved local understanding of the dangers of poor air quality, especially during the dry, dusty Harmattan season typically experienced from November to March. Permian Health has collaborated with local groups such as the Brikama Nema Diaspora Group (BRIND) and Karamie’s Health clinic to install sensors in key areas, allowing residents and medical professionals to access real-time air quality data. Pioneering work on the ground To date, the Permian Health air quality network has grown to 14 sensors, achieving nationwide coverage with an air quality sensor in all regions of The Gambia—proof of the project's rapid scalability and success. The project has successfully installed air quality monitors in various locations, including urban areas and industrial sites. These monitors provide real-time data on pollutants like PM2.5, which pose the greatest threat to human health, offering invaluable insights into the air pollution across different regions of Gambia. \"We have sensors in the most densely populated areas,” Dr. Touray said. \"Through the process of collecting PM 2.5 data in Gambia and identifying pollution hotspots, we educate the public about air quality and its impact on public health—and also communicate the importance of installing air quality sensors as a means to make a change.\" This foundational work sets the stage for enhanced accuracy and credibility in air quality monitoring, as underscored by a pivotal development in the project's journey. “The recent addition of a reference-grade monitor donated by MetOne marks a significant leap in our capacity for precision and validation of the data collected by our existing sensor network,” Dr. Touray said. However, maintaining and expanding the network can be impeded by dust accumulation on solar panels during the Harmattan season, unreliable power supplies, and other issues. ‘While we have made significant progress in addressing some of these challenges, connectivity and maintenance in remote areas remain ongoing hurdles in our efforts to maintain and expand the sensor network efficiently,’ Dr. Touray explained. Uniting minds and garnering accolades To raise awareness about their work, Permian Health has created a promotional video which serves as a powerful tool to inform and engage the public about their project. A key milestone for the project was the establishment of the first air quality conference in Gambia, bringing together stakeholders from the government, academia, and civil society to discuss the findings and implications of the collected data. \"This conference was a pivotal moment for us, marking the beginning of a national conversation on air quality,\" reflects Dr. Touray. This national conversation is already making a policy impact. The Ministry of Health has issued public health advisories several times since the air quality sensors were deployed, raising air quality awareness in communities around the country. Dr. Touray emphasizes the importance of partnering with the Gambian government to leverage their data for national air quality standards and planning. \"Working closely with governmental bodies is crucial for our success,\" Dr. Touray notes, highlighting his strong connections within the National Environment Agency, which have been supportive of their endeavors. With the NEA, Permian Health was able to release their first air quality report based on initial installations. This sets the table for future updates from newly installed sensors. Additionally, the project's recent recognition by the Energy Policy Institute of the University of Chicago with an Air Quality Award highlights the global acknowledgment of their impactful work. This prestigious award will enable Permian Health to scale their network further. Currently, there are 22 low-cost sensors deployed, and Gambia will, for the first time ever, have a reference monitor to assist in enhancing air quality monitoring and assessment. Hopes for the Future Thanks to their recent Air Quality Award, Permian Health acquired an 10 sensors, bringing the total to 26 sensors across The Gambia. Six new sensors have been deployed to NEA headquarters, two major health centers with support from the Ministry of Health, and in housing developments in partnership with Gambia’s largest real estate company, TAF Africa Global. The remaining sensors will be deployed to the National Stadium, Gambia International Airport, the Seaport in Banjul, and a major intersection as soon as final government approvals are processed. Dr. Touray envisions a future where every Gambian has access to air quality information, enabling them to protect themselves and their families from air pollution. Furthermore, he hopes to leverage the data collected to advocate for stronger environmental policies and regulations in Gambia. “We’re not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change.” \"We're not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change,\" says Dr. Touray. \"Our ultimate goal is for Gambia to set national air quality standards, informed by the comprehensive data we've gathered.\" A key step toward this goal is the second Clean Air Conference, which Permian Health is organizing in partnership with the NEA. The event will bring together stakeholders, including officials from the ministries of Health, Environment, Transport, and Education, to develop a national air quality work plan. According to Dr. Touray, Permian Health is conducting an inventory assessment to determine the key sources of pollution, such as waste burning, reliance on charcoal and firewood for cooking, and transport-related emissions. \"Looking ahead, we aim to strengthen our collaboration with the NEA and the Ministry of Health, to expand and maintain our sensor network.\" \"We plan to enhance public awareness campaigns, especially during high-risk periods, to better inform the community about air quality concerns. We would also like to engage more with local TV stations for them to display air quality and weather information from our network. The takeaway Dr. Sunkaru Touray's work with Permian Health exemplifies innovative activism. The project not only addresses air quality data gaps but also empowers communities to tackle air pollution—an issue that transcends borders. Dr. Touray's mission goes beyond monitoring; it's about transforming the fabric of public health through the lens of air quality.","

In the slender West African nation of Gambia, Dr. Sunkaru Touray of Permian Health Lung Institute is leading an unprecedented initiative to illuminate the invisible dangers of air pollution through the strategic deployment of low-cost air quality monitors.

A vision born from necessity

Dr. Touray, a pulmonologist and critical care physician originally from Kartong, The Gambia, was profoundly affected by the respiratory issues he encountered while practicing in New Mexico. These issues, often linked to hydrocarbon exposure and environmental pollutants, spurred him to address similar problems in Gambia, where air quality data is scarce. \"There's a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air,\" Dr. Touray noted.

Recognizing the parallels between New Mexico and Gambia, Dr. Touray envisioned the Permian Health Clean Air Initiative. This initiative aims not only to collect data but to empower Gambians with knowledge, enabling them to make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air.

“There’s a significant data gap in Africa when it comes to understanding our air.”

–Dr. Sunkaru Touray, Founder, Permian Health

The journey of Permian Health

Permian Health's mission is clear: to democratize access to air quality data in Gambia by installing low-cost air quality monitors throughout the country. The team selected IQAir’s AirVisual outdoor monitors for this critical work. “These devices are proven to be reliable, user-friendly, and can operate on solar power,” Dr. Touray said. “They also have 4G LTE connectivity,” which make the monitors ideally suited for Gambia's diverse environments—from the bustling streets of Banjul to the rural countryside.

\"The goal,\" Dr. Touray explained, \"is not just to collect data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health and advocate for cleaner air.\"

\nHighlighting areas of concern: Brikama’s air quality\n

Brikama stands as a poignant example of the challenges faced across Gambia. Known for its bustling markets and as a hub for both commerce and community life, the town also grapples with air quality issues that pose risks to its residents. By placing monitors in strategic locations, including the busy highway through Brikama, Permian Health is mapping pollution levels and raising awareness among the local population about the air they breathe daily—while simultaneously acting as a testament to the potential of grassroots air monitoring networks in challenging regions.

$\"\"$

Dr Touray said, \"As we look to the future, the lessons learned from Brikama will inform our expansion strategies to other regions facing similar challenges. Our success in achieving nationwide coverage, with Brikama as a keystone in our network, exemplifies the scalable model of Permian Health Clean Air Initiative.”

“The goal is not to just collect the data but to empower our communities with knowledge so they can make informed decisions about their health.”

Local feedback has been largely positive. According to Dr. Touray, real-time access to air quality monitor information has improved local understanding of the dangers of poor air quality, especially during the dry, dusty Harmattan season typically experienced from November to March.

Permian Health has collaborated with local groups such as the Brikama Nema Diaspora Group (BRIND) and Karamie’s Health clinic to install sensors in key areas, allowing residents and medical professionals to access real-time air quality data.

Pioneering work on the ground

To date, the Permian Health air quality network has grown to 14 sensors, achieving nationwide coverage with an air quality sensor in all regions of The Gambia—proof of the project's rapid scalability and success. The project has successfully installed air quality monitors in various locations, including urban areas and industrial sites. These monitors provide real-time data on pollutants like PM2.5, which pose the greatest threat to human health, offering invaluable insights into the air pollution across different regions of Gambia.

\"We have sensors in the most densely populated areas,” Dr. Touray said. \"Through the process of collecting PM 2.5 data in Gambia and identifying pollution hotspots, we educate the public about air quality and its impact on public health—and also communicate the importance of installing air quality sensors as a means to make a change.\"

This foundational work sets the stage for enhanced accuracy and credibility in air quality monitoring, as underscored by a pivotal development in the project's journey. “The recent addition of a reference-grade monitor donated by MetOne marks a significant leap in our capacity for precision and validation of the data collected by our existing sensor network,” Dr. Touray said.

However, maintaining and expanding the network can be impeded by dust accumulation on solar panels during the Harmattan season, unreliable power supplies, and other issues.

‘While we have made significant progress in addressing some of these challenges, connectivity and maintenance in remote areas remain ongoing hurdles in our efforts to maintain and expand the sensor network efficiently,’ Dr. Touray explained.

Uniting minds and garnering accolades

To raise awareness about their work, Permian Health has created a promotional video which serves as a powerful tool to inform and engage the public about their project.

A key milestone for the project was the establishment of the first air quality conference in Gambia, bringing together stakeholders from the government, academia, and civil society to discuss the findings and implications of the collected data.

\"This conference was a pivotal moment for us, marking the beginning of a national conversation on air quality,\" reflects Dr. Touray.

This national conversation is already making a policy impact. The Ministry of Health has issued public health advisories several times since the air quality sensors were deployed, raising air quality awareness in communities around the country.

Dr. Touray emphasizes the importance of partnering with the Gambian government to leverage their data for national air quality standards and planning. \"Working closely with governmental bodies is crucial for our success,\" Dr. Touray notes, highlighting his strong connections within the National Environment Agency, which have been supportive of their endeavors.

With the NEA, Permian Health was able to release their first air quality report based on initial installations. This sets the table for future updates from newly installed sensors.

Additionally, the project's recent recognition by the Energy Policy Institute of the University of Chicago with an Air Quality Award highlights the global acknowledgment of their impactful work. This prestigious award will enable Permian Health to scale their network further.

Currently, there are 22 low-cost sensors deployed, and Gambia will, for the first time ever, have a reference monitor to assist in enhancing air quality monitoring and assessment.

Hopes for the Future

Thanks to their recent Air Quality Award, Permian Health acquired an 10 sensors, bringing the total to 26 sensors across The Gambia.

$\"\"$

Six new sensors have been deployed to NEA headquarters, two major health centers with support from the Ministry of Health, and in housing developments in partnership with Gambia’s largest real estate company, TAF Africa Global. The remaining sensors will be deployed to the National Stadium, Gambia International Airport, the Seaport in Banjul, and a major intersection as soon as final government approvals are processed.

Dr. Touray envisions a future where every Gambian has access to air quality information, enabling them to protect themselves and their families from air pollution. Furthermore, he hopes to leverage the data collected to advocate for stronger environmental policies and regulations in Gambia.

“We’re not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change.”

\"We're not just collecting data for the sake of it. We want to drive change,\" says Dr. Touray. \"Our ultimate goal is for Gambia to set national air quality standards, informed by the comprehensive data we've gathered.\"

A key step toward this goal is the second Clean Air Conference, which Permian Health is organizing in partnership with the NEA. The event will bring together stakeholders, including officials from the ministries of Health, Environment, Transport, and Education, to develop a national air quality work plan.

According to Dr. Touray, Permian Health is conducting an inventory assessment to determine the key sources of pollution, such as waste burning, reliance on charcoal and firewood for cooking, and transport-related emissions. \"Looking ahead, we aim to strengthen our collaboration with the NEA and the Ministry of Health, to expand and maintain our sensor network.\"

\"We plan to enhance public awareness campaigns, especially during high-risk periods, to better inform the community about air quality concerns. We would also like to engage more with local TV stations for them to display air quality and weather information from our network.

The takeaway

Dr. Sunkaru Touray's work with Permian Health exemplifies innovative activism. The project not only addresses air quality data gaps but also empowers communities to tackle air pollution—an issue that transcends borders.

Dr. Touray's mission goes beyond monitoring; it's about transforming the fabric of public health through the lens of air quality.

","permian-health-air-quality-crusade-in-gambia","gid://shopify/Article/634018988110","https://shop.iqair.cn/en/blogs/news/permian-health-air-quality-crusade-in-gambia","2025-03-24T17:00:00Z",[705,710,897],"Revealing the Invisible: Permian Health’s Air Quality Crusade in Gambia",{"_10":1546,"_202":1547,"_205":1548,"_207":1176,"_203":1177},"gid://shopify/ArticleImage/269813416014","Man working on pole","https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0018/4411/7571/articles/PermianHealth_Desk_A_e25c0fb4-f682-4892-bbc6-5c8e0d753ac9.jpg?v=1754481444",{"_1147":1148,"_1149":1550,"_1139":1551,"_1154":1552,"_1156":1553,"_1157":1554,"_1159":1555,"_1008":1556,"_10":1557,"_1163":1558,"_1165":-5,"_1166":1559,"_635":1560,"_599":1562,"_1171":1563},{"_12":1151},{"_1008":1153},"A kitten rescue in Ontario needed a powerful clean air solution fast – and found it. Learn more about the essential role of clean air in shelters.","

A kitten rescue in Ontario needed a powerful clean air solution fast – and found it. Learn more about the essential role of clean air in shelters.

","Nestled in a small town near Cornwall, Canada, Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue serves as a lifeline for abandoned and vulnerable kittens (1). For nearly eight years, rescue founder Mellissa has worked tirelessly to save and nurture the most fragile feline lives in the region. Yet despite Mellissa’s dedication to maintaining a clean environment for those in her care, animal rescues must always contend with a formidable health challenge. Poor air quality impacts both kittens and the humans who care for them. Thanks to advanced air purification technology, the rescue now breathes easier—literally and figuratively. Mission built on compassion Mellissa’s journey to creating Tiny but Mighty began with heartbreak. As a volunteer at her local animal shelter, she learned of the euthanasia of kittens deemed too young to care for. Unwilling to accept this outcome, she founded her own kitten-focused rescue in 2017. “I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.” “I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. They wouldn’t let up,” Mellissa shared. “Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.” Mellissa provides a safe space for kittens to grow and thrive until they find their carefully screened forever homes. Today, the rescue operates solely on donations and community support. “It’s such an incredible community. People do come through to support what I’m doing, so it’s incredible.” But running a rescue isn’t without its challenges, and one significant one she uncovered was air quality. Nova the kitten enjoying toys at the Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue. Good air quality: Essential in animal rescues Caring for kittens in any enclosed environment presents unique challenges. Despite her meticulous cleaning habits, Mellissa found air quality to be a problem. “The dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and sneeze.” There would still be dust, odors, and allergens in the space “even though I use 99% dust-free litter.” Mellissa explained. “It’s great compared to some I’ve tried, but the dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and make little sneezes.” This poor air quality not only affected visitors but also had potential health implications for the kittens and Mellissa herself. Dust mites, microscopic creatures that feed on animal’s dead skin, can cause year-round allergic reactions in both cats and humans, including sneezing, runny and itchy noses, watery eyes, and even rashes. Components of pet dander can also act as an allergen, triggering similar reactions. Determined to find a solution to her dust problem, she began her search for an air purifier that could meet the rescue’s unique needs. Life changing air cleaning solution Determined to tackle the persistent dust and allergens, Mellissa sought an air purifier that could truly meet the unique demands of her rescue. After years of frustration with a previous model, she knew she needed a solution that could handle constant activity, fine dust particles, and odors effectively. Mellissa recalled, “The dust was still spreading throughout the house, and I thought, ‘this is just not enough.’” That’s when Mellissa’s father suggested looking into IQAir’s HealthPro Plus XE. Intrigued by its reputation for advanced filtration capabilities, Mellissa decided to give it a try—and the results were immediate and noticeable. The HealthPro Plus XE is equipped with HyperHEPA filtration, capable of capturing particles as small as 0.003 microns—100 times smaller than most air purifiers can filter. This efficiency, proven to remove particles far smaller than bacteria or viruses, combined with gas-phase filtration to eliminate odors, made it an ideal solution for the rescue’s air quality challenges. “The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact,” Mellissa shared. The HealthPro Plus XE at work next to Leia the cat. Not only did she see a dramatic improvement in the air quality for the kittens, but visitors also noticed the difference. The previously lingering food and litter odors were gone. “I definitely don’t smell that anymore,” Mellissa said. “I’m really impressed.” “The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact.” When it comes to daily use, Mellissa has found a setup that works perfectly for the rescue’s needs. During cleaning, she runs the fan at its highest setting, ensuring dust and particles are quickly filtered out. For everyday operation, she adjusts the fan to levels 2 or 3, which run quietly enough not to disturb the kittens at night. Looking ahead For Mellissa, clean air ensures a brighter future for Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue. She intends to continue providing even more kittens with a safe haven before transitioning to loving homes. The cleaner air and lack of odor in the rescue has already improved adoption visits, a critical step in finding forever homes for the kittens. Mellissa emphasizes her desire to address the root cause of ownerless kittens—unspayed and neutered animals in the population. She hopes to get the word out to more pet owners about the crucial role of spaying and neutering their animals. As she warns, “the cat overpopulation is so crazy here. Spay and neuter your cats, spay and neuter your dogs to help lower those populations.” Conclusion Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue’s story underscores the profound difference clean air technology can make in transforming lives—both human and animal. For Mellissa, investing in air purification wasn’t just about solving a nuisance; it was about creating a healthier, more inviting space where kittens could thrive and visitors could feel comfortable. By addressing the often-overlooked issue of air quality, she has set a powerful example for other rescues, shelters, and even individual pet owners facing similar challenges.","

Nestled in a small town near Cornwall, Canada, Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue serves as a lifeline for abandoned and vulnerable kittens (1). For nearly eight years, rescue founder Mellissa has worked tirelessly to save and nurture the most fragile feline lives in the region.

Yet despite Mellissa’s dedication to maintaining a clean environment for those in her care, animal rescues must always contend with a formidable health challenge. Poor air quality impacts both kittens and the humans who care for them.

Thanks to advanced air purification technology, the rescue now breathes easier—literally and figuratively.

Mission built on compassion

Mellissa’s journey to creating Tiny but Mighty began with heartbreak. As a volunteer at her local animal shelter, she learned of the euthanasia of kittens deemed too young to care for. Unwilling to accept this outcome, she founded her own kitten-focused rescue in 2017.

“I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.”

“I had so many dreams about saving these kittens. They wouldn’t let up,” Mellissa shared. “Something told me to just do it myself—start my own rescue.”

Mellissa provides a safe space for kittens to grow and thrive until they find their carefully screened forever homes. Today, the rescue operates solely on donations and community support. “It’s such an incredible community. People do come through to support what I’m doing, so it’s incredible.”

But running a rescue isn’t without its challenges, and one significant one she uncovered was air quality.

Nova the kitten enjoying toys at the Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue.

Good air quality: Essential in animal rescues

Caring for kittens in any enclosed environment presents unique challenges. Despite her meticulous cleaning habits, Mellissa found air quality to be a problem.

“The dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and sneeze.”

There would still be dust, odors, and allergens in the space “even though I use 99% dust-free litter.” Mellissa explained. “It’s great compared to some I’ve tried, but the dust is crazy. The kittens will go in their litter box and make little sneezes.”

This poor air quality not only affected visitors but also had potential health implications for the kittens and Mellissa herself. Dust mites, microscopic creatures that feed on animal’s dead skin, can cause year-round allergic reactions in both cats and humans, including sneezing, runny and itchy noses, watery eyes, and even rashes.

Components of pet dander can also act as an allergen, triggering similar reactions.

Determined to find a solution to her dust problem, she began her search for an air purifier that could meet the rescue’s unique needs.

Life changing air cleaning solution

Determined to tackle the persistent dust and allergens, Mellissa sought an air purifier that could truly meet the unique demands of her rescue. After years of frustration with a previous model, she knew she needed a solution that could handle constant activity, fine dust particles, and odors effectively.

Mellissa recalled, “The dust was still spreading throughout the house, and I thought, ‘this is just not enough.’”

That’s when Mellissa’s father suggested looking into IQAir’s HealthPro Plus XE. Intrigued by its reputation for advanced filtration capabilities, Mellissa decided to give it a try—and the results were immediate and noticeable.

The HealthPro Plus XE is equipped with HyperHEPA filtration, capable of capturing particles as small as 0.003 microns—100 times smaller than most air purifiers can filter. This efficiency, proven to remove particles far smaller than bacteria or viruses, combined with gas-phase filtration to eliminate odors, made it an ideal solution for the rescue’s air quality challenges.

“The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact,” Mellissa shared.

$\"\"$

The HealthPro Plus XE at work next to Leia the cat.

Not only did she see a dramatic improvement in the air quality for the kittens, but visitors also noticed the difference. The previously lingering food and litter odors were gone. “I definitely don’t smell that anymore,” Mellissa said. “I’m really impressed.”

“The kittens aren’t sneezing anymore. The air purifier has had a huge impact.”

When it comes to daily use, Mellissa has found a setup that works perfectly for the rescue’s needs. During cleaning, she runs the fan at its highest setting, ensuring dust and particles are quickly filtered out. For everyday operation, she adjusts the fan to levels 2 or 3, which run quietly enough not to disturb the kittens at night.

Looking ahead

For Mellissa, clean air ensures a brighter future for Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue. She intends to continue providing even more kittens with a safe haven before transitioning to loving homes.

The cleaner air and lack of odor in the rescue has already improved adoption visits, a critical step in finding forever homes for the kittens.

Mellissa emphasizes her desire to address the root cause of ownerless kittens—unspayed and neutered animals in the population. She hopes to get the word out to more pet owners about the crucial role of spaying and neutering their animals. As she warns, “the cat overpopulation is so crazy here. Spay and neuter your cats, spay and neuter your dogs to help lower those populations.”

Conclusion

Tiny but Mighty Kitten Rescue’s story underscores the profound difference clean air technology can make in transforming lives—both human and animal.

For Mellissa, investing in air purification wasn’t just about solving a nuisance; it was about creating a healthier, more inviting space where kittens could thrive and visitors could feel comfortable. By addressing the often-overlooked issue of air quality, she has set a powerful example for other rescues, shelters, and even individual pet owners facing similar challenges.

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Learning that starts with context

Working with data from their own environment

Comparing across locations

Understanding how air quality data is created

From observation to response

Building a connected model

Conclusion

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