Why is there a heatwave in Europe?
From late May 2026 onwards, Europe has been struck by multiple severe heatwaves, with intense heat domes progressively affecting different regions of the continent.
The current phase is driven by a stagnant heat dome fed by hot Saharan air that has settled over specific regions. Under the high-pressure system, sinking air compresses and warms, skies remain cloudless, and the ground bakes day after day with little nighttime relief (1).
Climate scientists attribute the intensity and early timing of these events largely to human-induced climate change, with Europe warming at twice the global average since the 1980s (2).
Which countries are affected by the heatwave?
While many countries across Europe experienced extreme heat during earlier heatwave phases in May and June, the current third wave primarily affects France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, which are facing the most severe conditions as the heat dome intensifies over the Mediterranean and Western European regions (3).
How long will the heatwave last?
Peak temperatures in the affected regions are reaching 40°C (104°F) and higher and are expected to persist through early July. As relief from Atlantic weather systems moves in, temperatures will gradually decline but remain significantly above normal through the first and second week of July (4).
Are there any alerts in place?
Earlier heatwave phases triggered widespread red, orange, and amber alerts across multiple European nations, prompting governments to activate comprehensive heat action plans (5).
The current phase continues to see active heat alerts from national meteorological agencies in the affected countries, with ongoing government measures including cooling centers, adjusted work schedules, and school closures.
Authorities advise staying indoors during peak hours (11am–6pm), drinking fluids, and checking on elderly and vulnerable individuals. Residents should follow local weather service alerts for the most current guidance (6).
